外源褪黑素影响盐碱复合胁迫下西瓜种子萌发的综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0385

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确定盐碱胁迫下促进西瓜种子萌发的适宜褪黑素（melatonin，MT）浓度，以西瓜品种‘早春红玉’为试材，研究复合盐碱胁迫（NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃摩尔比1︰9︰9︰1）对西瓜种子萌发的影响及外源褪黑素浸种预处理对盐碱胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明：随着盐碱液浓度的增大，西瓜种子的相对发芽势（RGE）、相对发芽率（RGR）、相对发芽指数（RGI）、相对活力指数（RVI）、相对胚根长（RRL）、相对胚芽长（RSL）、相对胚根鲜质量（RRFW）、相对胚芽鲜质量（RSFW）、相对胚根干质量（RRDW）、相对根总长度（RTRL）、相对根系投影面积（RRPA）、相对根表面积（RRSA）和相对根体积（RRV）总体上呈下降趋势，但相对胚芽干质量（RSDW）变化不显著；以半致死浓度为选择依据，通过建立回归方程求得所有单项指标半致死盐碱浓度的平均值为66.2 mmol · L^-1，并作为西瓜盐碱胁迫试验的筛选浓度；外源褪黑素浸种可提高该盐碱胁迫浓度（66.2 mmol · L^-1）下西瓜种子的RGE、RGI、RVI、RRL、RSL、RTRL、RRPA、RRSA和RRV，50 µmol · L^-1 MT处理主要表现在可促进根系形态建成，200 µmol · L^-1 MT处理主要表现在可促进萌发活力和胚根胚芽生长；利用隶属函数法对种子萌发进行综合评价，综合得分排序为50 µmol · L^-1 MT > 200 µmol · L^-1 MT > 100 µmol · L^-1 MT > 400 µmol · L^-1 MT > 25 µmol · L^-1 MT > 盐碱胁迫；15个评价指标中有14个与综合评价值之间具有显著正相关性，说明综合评价结果可靠；即MT预处理中，50 µmol · L^-1浓度促进盐碱胁迫下西瓜种子萌发效果最佳，且该处理的SOD、POD、CAT和α-淀粉酶活性最高，H₂O₂含量、MDA含量、相对电导率最低，幼苗成活率、株高、叶绿素相对含量、地上及根部干鲜质量最高。综上，50 µmol · L^-1褪黑素处理通过加速淀粉分解和提高抗氧化水平来促进盐碱胁迫下西瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长。

关键词: 西瓜, 盐碱胁迫, 种子萌发, 回归分析, 褪黑素, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to explore the optimal melatonin（MT）concentration for promoting watermelon seed germination under saline-alkali stress，the watermelon cultivar‘Zaochun Hongyu’was used as experimental material to study the effects of complexed saline-alkali（molar ratio of NaCl，Na₂SO₄，NaHCO₃and Na₂CO₃ was 1︰9︰9︰1）stress on watermelon seed germination and the mitigation effects of pre-soaking seeds with different concentrations of exogenous melatonin（MT）on saline-alkali stress. Results showed that：The relative germination energy（RGE），relative germination rate（RGR），relative germination index（RGI），relative vigor index（RVI），relative root length（RRL），relative shoot length（RSL），relative root fresh weight（RRFW），relative shoot fresh weight（RSFW），relative root dry weight（RRDW），relative total root length（RTRL），relative root projection area（RRPA），relative root surface area（RRSA）and relative root volume（RRV）declined generally with further increase of saline-alkali concentration，but the relative shoot dry weight（RSDW）did not change. Based on the semi-lethal concentration，the mean value of the semi-lethal saline-alkali concentration of all single indicators was obtained by establishing regression equations，which was 66.2 mmol · L^-1 as the suitable concentration for saline-alkali stress test of watermelon. Subsequently，the effects of different concentrations of MT on seed germination and seedling growth under saline-alkali（66.2 mmol · L^-1）stress were investigated. The results showed that exogenous MT soaking increased the RGE，RGI，RVI，RRL，RSL，RTRL，RRPA，RRSA and RRV of watermelon seeds under saline-alkali stress. The 50 µmol · L^-1 MT treatment mainly promoted root morphogenesis，whereas the treatment with 200 µmol · L^-1 MT mainly promoted germination vigor and the growth of radicle and germ. Then all indicators were used to comprehensive evaluate and analyze the effect of exogenous MT by taking the method of fuzzy membership function，and the comprehensive score was ranked as 50 µmol · L^-1 MT > 200 µmol · L^-1 MT > 100 µmol · L^-1 MT > 400 µmol · L^-1 MT > 25 µmol · L^-1 MT > saline-alkali stress. Correlation analysis of all indicators and comprehensive evaluation values of watermelon seeds under exogenous MT treatment was further conducted，the results suggested that 14 of the 15 evaluation indicators had significant positive correlation with the comprehensive evaluation value，indicating that the comprehensive evaluation result was reliable. Among the MT pretreatment，50 µmol · L^-1 treatment had the best effect on promoting watermelon seed germination under saline-alkali stress，which showed the highest activities of SOD，POD，CAT，α-amylase also the highest plant height，relative chlorophyll content，survival rate of seedlings，fresh and dry weight of shoot and root whereas the lowest relative conductivity and content of H₂O₂ and MDA. In conclusion，50 µmol · L^-1 is the optimal melatonin concentration to promote seed germination and seedling growth of watermelon under saline-alkali stress by accelerating starch decomposition and increasing antioxidant levels.

Key words: watermelon, saline-alkali stress, seed germination, regression analysis, melatonin, comprehensive evaluation

段青青, 韩梅梅, 王友平, 常培培, 谭月强, 张自坤. 外源褪黑素影响盐碱复合胁迫下西瓜种子萌发的综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 1020-1036.

DUAN Qingqing, HAN Meimei, WANG Youping, CHANG Peipei, TAN Yueqiang, ZHANG Zikun. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Seed Germination of Watermelon Under Saline-Alkali Stress and Comprehensive Evaluation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 1020-1036.

图/表 9

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指标Index	盐碱液浓度/（mmol · L^-1）Concentration of saline-alkali solution
指标Index	0（对照Control）	10	20	30	40
相对发芽势Relative germination energy（RGE）	1.00 ± 0.09 ab	0.88 ± 0.03 bcd	1.03 ± 0.03 a	0.92 ± 0.03 abc	0.85 ± 0.05 cd
相对发芽率Relative germination rate（RGR）	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.99 ± 0.02 a	1.01 ± 0.04 a	0.99 ± 0.02 a	0.9 8± 0.00 ab
相对发芽指数Relative germination index（RGI）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.88 ± 0.02 c	1.03 ± 0.03 a	0.98 ± 0.01 ab	0.90 ± 0.01 bc
相对活力指数Relative vigor index（RVI）	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.81 ± 0.01 b	0.82 ± 0.05 b	0.76 ± 0.07 b	0.58 ± 0.02 c
相对胚根长 Relative root length（RRL）	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.93 ± 0.02 a	0.79 ± 0.03 b	0.77 ± 0.06 b	0.64 ± 0.03 c
相对胚芽长 Relative shoot length（RSL）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.88 ± 0.03 b	0.72 ± 0.03 c	0.67 ± 0.05 cd	0.62 ± 0.01 de
相对胚根鲜质量Relative root fresh weight（RRFW）	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.90 ± 0.06 ab	0.80 ± 0.05 bc	0.74 ± 0.003 cd	0.67 ± 0.02 d
相对胚芽鲜质量Relative shoot fresh weight（RSFW）	1.00 ± 0.05 a	0.70 ± 0.04 b	0.58 ± 0.04 c	0.47 ± 0.02 d	0.45 ± 0.01 d
相对胚根干质量Relative root dry weight（RRDW）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.96 ± 0.03 ab	0.95 ± 0.02 abc	0.93 ± 0.03 abc	0.90 ± 0.01 bc
相对胚芽干质量Relative shoot dry weight（RSDW）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	1.01 ± 0.01 a	1.01 ± 0.04 a	1.00 ± 0.05 a	1.06 ± 0.04 a
相对根总长度Relative total root length（RTRL）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.87 ± 0.08 b	0.86 ± 0.06 b	0.79 ± 0.06 c	0.64 ± 0.04 d
相对根投影面积Relative root projected area（RRPA）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.82 ± 0.05 b	0.70 ± 0.02 c	0.61 ± 0.04 d	0.46 ± 0.03 e
相对根表面积Relative root surface area（RRSA）	1.00 ± 0.09 a	0.79 ± 0.07 b	0.77 ± 0.07 b	0.74 ± 0.06 b	0.52 ± 0.05 c
相对根系平均直径Relative average root diameter（RARD）	1.00 ± 0.17 b	0.94 ± 0.16 bc	0.89 ± 0.14 bcd	0.83 ± 0.14 cd	0.78 ± 0.13 d
相对根体积 Relative root volume（RRV）	1.00 ± 0.14 a	0.71 ±0.12 b	0.64 ± 0.04 c	0.52 ± 0.04 d	0.37 ± 0.03 e
指标Index	盐碱液浓度/（mmol · L^-1）Concentration of saline-alkali solution
指标Index	50	60	70	80	100
相对发芽势 Relative germination energy（RGE）	0.77 ± 0.06 de	0.77 ± 0.06 de	0.68 ± 0.03 e	0.12 ± 0.03 f	-
相对发芽率Relative germination rate （RGR）	0.94 ± 0.00 bc	0.91 ± 0.02 c	0.90 ± 0.00 c	0.40 ± 0.02 d	0.04 ± 0.00 e
相对发芽指数Relative germination index（RGI）	0.88 ± 0.04 c	0.84 ± 0.03 cd	0.76 ± 0.005 d	0.22 ± 0.03 e	0.01 ± 0.01 f
相对活力指数Relative vigor index（RVI）	0.56 ± 0.03 c	0.42 ± 0.02 d	0.32 ± 0.01 d	0.02 ± 0.002 e	-
相对胚根长 Relative root length（RRL）	0.63 ± 0.01 c	0.51 ± 0.01 d	0.43 ± 0.01 e	0.09 ± 0.01 f	-
相对胚芽长 Relative shoot length（RSL）	0.54 ± 0.05 ef	0.52 ± 0.02 f	0.45± 0.02 f	-	-
相对胚根鲜质量Relative root fresh weight（RRFW）	0.66 ± 0.03 d	0.50 ± 0.03 e	0.44 ± 0.02 e	0.19 ± 0.004 f	-
相对胚芽鲜质量Relative shoot fresh weight（RSFW）	0.36 ± 0.002 e	0.35 ± 0.02 e	0.32 ± 0.01 ef	-	-
相对胚根干质量Relative root dry weight（RRDW）	0.88 ± 0.05 c	0.71 ± 0.02 d	0.67 ± 0.05 d	0.22 ± 0.01 e	-
相对胚芽干质量Relative shoot dry weight（RSDW）	1.03 ± 0.03 a	1.02 ± 0.03 a	1.06 ± 0.04 a	-	-
相对根总长度Relative total root length（RTRL）	0.34 ± 0.03 e	0.16 ± 0.01 f	0.13 ± 0.01 f	0.03 ± 0.002 g	-
相对根投影面积Relative root projected area（RRPA）	0.24 ± 0.02 f	0.12 ± 0.01 g	0.11 ± 0.01 g	0.04 ± 0.003 h	-
相对根表面积Relative root surface area（RRSA）	0.29 ± 0.01 d	0.14 ± 0.01 e	0.12 ± 0.01 e	0.05 ± 0.001 f	-
相对根系平均直径Relative average root diameter（RARD）	0.85 ± 0.16 cd	0.87 ± 0.14 bcd	0.89 ± 0.16 bcd	1.32 ± 0.11 a	-
相对根体积 Relative root volume（RRV）	0.21 ± 0.02 f	0.14 ± 0.02 g	0.10 ± 0.01 g	0.08 ± 0.007 g	-

指标Index	盐碱液浓度/（mmol · L^-1）Concentration of saline-alkali solution
指标Index	0（对照Control）	10	20	30	40
相对发芽势Relative germination energy（RGE）	1.00 ± 0.09 ab	0.88 ± 0.03 bcd	1.03 ± 0.03 a	0.92 ± 0.03 abc	0.85 ± 0.05 cd
相对发芽率Relative germination rate（RGR）	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.99 ± 0.02 a	1.01 ± 0.04 a	0.99 ± 0.02 a	0.9 8± 0.00 ab
相对发芽指数Relative germination index（RGI）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.88 ± 0.02 c	1.03 ± 0.03 a	0.98 ± 0.01 ab	0.90 ± 0.01 bc
相对活力指数Relative vigor index（RVI）	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.81 ± 0.01 b	0.82 ± 0.05 b	0.76 ± 0.07 b	0.58 ± 0.02 c
相对胚根长 Relative root length（RRL）	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.93 ± 0.02 a	0.79 ± 0.03 b	0.77 ± 0.06 b	0.64 ± 0.03 c
相对胚芽长 Relative shoot length（RSL）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.88 ± 0.03 b	0.72 ± 0.03 c	0.67 ± 0.05 cd	0.62 ± 0.01 de
相对胚根鲜质量Relative root fresh weight（RRFW）	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.90 ± 0.06 ab	0.80 ± 0.05 bc	0.74 ± 0.003 cd	0.67 ± 0.02 d
相对胚芽鲜质量Relative shoot fresh weight（RSFW）	1.00 ± 0.05 a	0.70 ± 0.04 b	0.58 ± 0.04 c	0.47 ± 0.02 d	0.45 ± 0.01 d
相对胚根干质量Relative root dry weight（RRDW）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.96 ± 0.03 ab	0.95 ± 0.02 abc	0.93 ± 0.03 abc	0.90 ± 0.01 bc
相对胚芽干质量Relative shoot dry weight（RSDW）	1.00 ± 0.04 a	1.01 ± 0.01 a	1.01 ± 0.04 a	1.00 ± 0.05 a	1.06 ± 0.04 a
相对根总长度Relative total root length（RTRL）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.87 ± 0.08 b	0.86 ± 0.06 b	0.79 ± 0.06 c	0.64 ± 0.04 d
相对根投影面积Relative root projected area（RRPA）	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.82 ± 0.05 b	0.70 ± 0.02 c	0.61 ± 0.04 d	0.46 ± 0.03 e
相对根表面积Relative root surface area（RRSA）	1.00 ± 0.09 a	0.79 ± 0.07 b	0.77 ± 0.07 b	0.74 ± 0.06 b	0.52 ± 0.05 c
相对根系平均直径Relative average root diameter（RARD）	1.00 ± 0.17 b	0.94 ± 0.16 bc	0.89 ± 0.14 bcd	0.83 ± 0.14 cd	0.78 ± 0.13 d
相对根体积 Relative root volume（RRV）	1.00 ± 0.14 a	0.71 ±0.12 b	0.64 ± 0.04 c	0.52 ± 0.04 d	0.37 ± 0.03 e
指标Index	盐碱液浓度/（mmol · L^-1）Concentration of saline-alkali solution
指标Index	50	60	70	80	100
相对发芽势 Relative germination energy（RGE）	0.77 ± 0.06 de	0.77 ± 0.06 de	0.68 ± 0.03 e	0.12 ± 0.03 f	-
相对发芽率Relative germination rate （RGR）	0.94 ± 0.00 bc	0.91 ± 0.02 c	0.90 ± 0.00 c	0.40 ± 0.02 d	0.04 ± 0.00 e
相对发芽指数Relative germination index（RGI）	0.88 ± 0.04 c	0.84 ± 0.03 cd	0.76 ± 0.005 d	0.22 ± 0.03 e	0.01 ± 0.01 f
相对活力指数Relative vigor index（RVI）	0.56 ± 0.03 c	0.42 ± 0.02 d	0.32 ± 0.01 d	0.02 ± 0.002 e	-
相对胚根长 Relative root length（RRL）	0.63 ± 0.01 c	0.51 ± 0.01 d	0.43 ± 0.01 e	0.09 ± 0.01 f	-
相对胚芽长 Relative shoot length（RSL）	0.54 ± 0.05 ef	0.52 ± 0.02 f	0.45± 0.02 f	-	-
相对胚根鲜质量Relative root fresh weight（RRFW）	0.66 ± 0.03 d	0.50 ± 0.03 e	0.44 ± 0.02 e	0.19 ± 0.004 f	-
相对胚芽鲜质量Relative shoot fresh weight（RSFW）	0.36 ± 0.002 e	0.35 ± 0.02 e	0.32 ± 0.01 ef	-	-
相对胚根干质量Relative root dry weight（RRDW）	0.88 ± 0.05 c	0.71 ± 0.02 d	0.67 ± 0.05 d	0.22 ± 0.01 e	-
相对胚芽干质量Relative shoot dry weight（RSDW）	1.03 ± 0.03 a	1.02 ± 0.03 a	1.06 ± 0.04 a	-	-
相对根总长度Relative total root length（RTRL）	0.34 ± 0.03 e	0.16 ± 0.01 f	0.13 ± 0.01 f	0.03 ± 0.002 g	-
相对根投影面积Relative root projected area（RRPA）	0.24 ± 0.02 f	0.12 ± 0.01 g	0.11 ± 0.01 g	0.04 ± 0.003 h	-
相对根表面积Relative root surface area（RRSA）	0.29 ± 0.01 d	0.14 ± 0.01 e	0.12 ± 0.01 e	0.05 ± 0.001 f	-
相对根系平均直径Relative average root diameter（RARD）	0.85 ± 0.16 cd	0.87 ± 0.14 bcd	0.89 ± 0.16 bcd	1.32 ± 0.11 a	-
相对根体积 Relative root volume（RRV）	0.21 ± 0.02 f	0.14 ± 0.02 g	0.10 ± 0.01 g	0.08 ± 0.007 g	-

指标Index	回归方程Regression equation	R²	半致死浓度/（mmol · L^-1） Semi-lethal concentration
RGE	y = 90.95 + 32.01x-111x²	0.858	79.2
RGR	y = 90.53 + 76.09x-140x²	0.724	93.6
RGI	y = 91.62 + 36.28x-108x²	0.764	82.8
RVI	y = 91.44-63.72x-30.44x²	0.963	52.0
RRL	y = 93.96-45.22x-50.13x²	0.974	58.8
RSL	y = 91.42-49.72x-47.9x²	0.936	54.6
RRFW	y = 97.53-49.67x-51.04x²	0.981	59.9
RSFW	y = 109-179x + 65.37x²	0.940	35.8
RRDW	y = 91.15 + 48.27x-128x²	0.906	83.3
RTRL	y = 85.46-92.27x + 13.43x²	0.933	42.7
RRPA	y = 87.74-136x + 50.86x²	0.956	32.5
RRSA	y = 87.94-120x + 35.92x²	0.942	36.9
RARD	y = 663-1260x + 619x²	0.398	187.8
RRV	y = 91.63-172x + 82.97x²	0.969	26.4
均值 Average value			66.2

指标Index	回归方程Regression equation	R²	半致死浓度/（mmol · L^-1） Semi-lethal concentration
RGE	y = 90.95 + 32.01x-111x²	0.858	79.2
RGR	y = 90.53 + 76.09x-140x²	0.724	93.6
RGI	y = 91.62 + 36.28x-108x²	0.764	82.8
RVI	y = 91.44-63.72x-30.44x²	0.963	52.0
RRL	y = 93.96-45.22x-50.13x²	0.974	58.8
RSL	y = 91.42-49.72x-47.9x²	0.936	54.6
RRFW	y = 97.53-49.67x-51.04x²	0.981	59.9
RSFW	y = 109-179x + 65.37x²	0.940	35.8
RRDW	y = 91.15 + 48.27x-128x²	0.906	83.3
RTRL	y = 85.46-92.27x + 13.43x²	0.933	42.7
RRPA	y = 87.74-136x + 50.86x²	0.956	32.5
RRSA	y = 87.94-120x + 35.92x²	0.942	36.9
RARD	y = 663-1260x + 619x²	0.398	187.8
RRV	y = 91.63-172x + 82.97x²	0.969	26.4
均值 Average value			66.2

指标 Index	处理 Treatment
指标 Index	CK	S	MT₂₅	MT₅₀	MT₁₀₀	MT₂₀₀	MT₄₀₀
RGE	1.00 ± 0.06 a	0.90 ± 0.02 b	0.91 ± 0.01 b	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.91 ± 0.04 b	0.98 ± 0.02 a	0.95 ± 0.00 ab
RGR	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.95 ± 0.05 ab	0.95 ± 0.04 ab	0.98 ± 0.00 ab	0.94 ± 0.03 b	0.95 ± 0.02 ab	0.93 ± 0.02 b
RGI	1.0 0± 0.07 a	0.75 ± 0.02 c	0.76 ± 0.03 c	0.78 ± 0.01 bc	0.76 ± 0.07 c	0.88 ± 0.04 b	0.79 ± 0.01 bc
RVI	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.58 ± 0.01 d	0.61 ± 0.04 d	0.67 ± 0.03 c	0.64 ± 0.09 cd	0.76 ± 0.05 b	0.59 ± 0.05 cd
RRL	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.77 ± 0.01 c	0.79 ± 0.03 c	0.86 ± 0.04 b	0.84 ± 0.05 bc	0.87 ± 0.02 b	0.75 ± 0.07 c
RSL	1.00 ± 0.07 a	0.31 ± 0.01 c	0.31 ± 0.03 c	0.39 ± 0.06 bc	0.37 ± 0.07 bc	0.44 ± 0.04 b	0.38 ± 0.02 bc
RRFW	1.00 ± 0.19 a	0.75 ± 0.03 b	0.75 ± 0.05 b	0.80 ± 0.03 b	0.75 ± 0.08 b	0.78 ± 0.01 b	0.71 ± 0.02 b
RSFW	1.00 ± 0.13 a	0.37 ± 0.02 b	0.35 ± 0.04 b	0.38 ± 0.03 b	0.32 ± 0.03 b	0.38 ± 0.01 b	0.31 ± 0.01 b
RRDW	1.00 ± 0.03 a	0.82 ± 0.17 b	0.81 ± 0.02 b	0.83 ± 0.07 ab	0.87 ± 0.02 ab	0.87 ± 0.02 ab	0.78 ± 0.12 b
RSDW	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.91 ± 0.04 b	0.92 ± 0.04 b	0.94 ± 0.03 ab	0.94 ± 0.02 ab	0.95 ± 0.02 ab	0.93 ± 0.07 ab
RTRL	1.00 ± 0.12 a	0.59 ± 0.05 c	0.61 ± 0.03 c	0.75 ± 0.07 b	0.64 ± 0.04 bc	0.66 ± 0.05 bc	0.63 ± 0.08 bc
RRPA	1.00 ± 0.08 a	0.36 ± 0.03 c	0.37 ± 0.02 c	0.45 ± 0.03 b	0.46 ± 0.03 b	0.50 ± 0.03 b	0.47 ± 0.03 b
RRSA	1.00 ± 0.05 a	0.15 ± 0.02 c	0.15 ± 0.02 c	0.21 ± 0.02 b	0.17 ± 0.01 bc	0.17 ± 0.02 bc	0.16 ± 0.03 bc
RARD	1.00 ± 0.02 a	0.6 7± 0.04 b	0.62 ± 0.05 b	0.66 ± 0.06 b	0.78 ± 0.13 b	0.61 ± 0.02 b	0.64 ± 0.04 b
RRV	1.00 ± 0.03 a	0.55 ± 0.04 c	0.57 ± 0.03 c	0.87 ± 0.08 b	0.37 ± 0.03 c	0.67 ± 0.03 c	0.62 ± 0.09 c