猕猴桃种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0248

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以66份猕猴桃种质资源为材料,对其枝条、叶片和果实的19项表型性状进行观测和描述,采用因子分析和聚类分析对表型性状分布频率、变异系数等进行研究。结果表明:10个描述型性状平均变异类型为4.9个,最丰富为果形（9个）;9个数量性状中果柄长度的变异系数最大,为41.04%,果实纵径的变异系数最小,为12.14%。Q型聚类分析将66份猕猴桃资源分成4个组群,组群内的种质资源以1年生枝颜色、单果质量和果形指数等聚类。

关键词: 猕猴桃, 种质资源, 表型, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Sixty-six kiwifruit germplasm resources were used,and 19 phenotypic traits of branches,leaves and fruits were observed,and factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the variation coefficient of distribution frequency of phenotypic traits of these kiwifruit germplasm resources. The results showed:the average variation of the 10 characters was 4.9,and the most abundant one was fruit shape（9）,among the nine quantitative traits,the coefficient of variation of stalk length was the largest （41.04%）,and that for fruit longitudinal diameter was the smallest（12.14%）. Q cluster analysis divided the 66 kiwifruit resources into four groups,and the germplasm resources in the same groups were clustered by color of one-year-old twig,mass of single fruit and fruit shape index,etc.

Key words: kiwifruit, germplasm resources, phenotype, diversity

中图分类号:

S663.4

吕正鑫, 贺艳群, 贾东峰, 黄春辉, 钟敏, 廖光联, 朱壹, 袁开昌, 刘传浩, 徐小彪. 猕猴桃种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(7): 1571-1581.

LÜ Zhengxin, HE Yanqun, JIA Dongfeng, HUANG Chunhui, ZHONG Min, LIAO Guanglian, ZHU Yi, YUAN Kaichang, LIU Chuanhao, XU Xiaobiao. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits for Kiwifruit Germplasm Resources[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(7): 1571-1581.

图/表 9

参考文献 29

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种类 Species	来源 Material origin	名称 Name
中华猕猴桃	中国科学院武汉植物园	金艳,金桃,东红,金圆
Actinidia	Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences	Jinyan,Jintao,Donghong,Jinyuan
chinensis	江西省奉新县猕猴桃研究所	金奉,脆皮红香,赣红1、2、3、4、5、6、7号
	Institute of Kiwifruit in Fengxin County	Jinfeng,Cuipihongxiang,Ganhong-1,2,3,4,5,6,7
	四川省自然资源科学研究院 Sichuan Provincial	金什1号,红阳,红华,晚红,红实2号
	Academy of Natural Resource Sciences	Jinshi-1,Hongyang,Honghua,Wanhong,Hongshi-2
	江西省宜黄县 Yihuang County,Jiangxi Province	宜黄1号,宜黄2号 Yihuang-1,Yihuang-2
	中国科学院庐山植物园	庐山香,云海1号,云海2号
	Lushan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences	Lushanxiang,Yunhai-1,Yunhai-2
	江西省信丰县Xinfeng County,Jiangxi Province	苌楚1号,苌楚2号,苌楚3号,中实2号
		Changchu-1,Changchu-2,Changchu-3,Zhongshi-2
	江西省井冈山Jinggangshan,Jiangxi Province	井冈1、2、8、10号,井黄1、2、11、12、13、14、31、45号Jinggang-1,2,8,10,Jinghuang-1,2,11,12,13,14,31,45
	新西兰植物与食品研究院	金果,阳光金果,魅力金果
	The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd	Hort16A,Gold 3,Gold 9
	湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	翠玉,楚红 Cuiyu,Chuhong
	江西省武宁县 Wuning County,Jiangxi Province	武宁1、2、3号 Wuning-1,2,3
	江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	金丰,魁蜜,江园1号 Jinfeng,Kuimi,Jiangyuan-1
毛花猕猴桃	江西省奉新县猕猴桃研究所	赣猕6号,赣绿1号,赣绿2号
A. eriantha	Institute of Kiwifruit in Fengxin County	Ganmi-6,Ganlü-1,Ganlü-2
	江西省南城县 Nancheng County,Jiangxi Province	麻毛10号,麻毛13号 Mamao-10,Mamao-13
	浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	华特 White
	江西省资溪县 Zixi County,Jiangxi Province	寻溪128号 Xunxi-128
	江西省安远县 Anyuan County,Jiangxi Province	三百山1号,三百山2号 Sanbaishan-1,Sanbaishan-2
美味猕猴桃	湖北省农业科学院果茶研究所 Institute of Fruit and Tea,	金魁 Jinkui
A. deliciosa	Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	江苏省徐州市 Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province	徐香 Xuxiang
	新西兰植物与食品研究院	海沃德 Hayward
	The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd
	西安市猕猴桃研究所 Institute of Kiwifruit in Xi'an City	翠香 Cuixiang
	贵州省修文县 Xiuwen County,Guizhou Province	贵长 Guichang
	湖南省吉首大学 Jishou University,Hunan Province	米良1号 Miliang-1

种类 Species	来源 Material origin	名称 Name
中华猕猴桃	中国科学院武汉植物园	金艳,金桃,东红,金圆
Actinidia	Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences	Jinyan,Jintao,Donghong,Jinyuan
chinensis	江西省奉新县猕猴桃研究所	金奉,脆皮红香,赣红1、2、3、4、5、6、7号
	Institute of Kiwifruit in Fengxin County	Jinfeng,Cuipihongxiang,Ganhong-1,2,3,4,5,6,7
	四川省自然资源科学研究院 Sichuan Provincial	金什1号,红阳,红华,晚红,红实2号
	Academy of Natural Resource Sciences	Jinshi-1,Hongyang,Honghua,Wanhong,Hongshi-2
	江西省宜黄县 Yihuang County,Jiangxi Province	宜黄1号,宜黄2号 Yihuang-1,Yihuang-2
	中国科学院庐山植物园	庐山香,云海1号,云海2号
	Lushan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences	Lushanxiang,Yunhai-1,Yunhai-2
	江西省信丰县Xinfeng County,Jiangxi Province	苌楚1号,苌楚2号,苌楚3号,中实2号
		Changchu-1,Changchu-2,Changchu-3,Zhongshi-2
	江西省井冈山Jinggangshan,Jiangxi Province	井冈1、2、8、10号,井黄1、2、11、12、13、14、31、45号Jinggang-1,2,8,10,Jinghuang-1,2,11,12,13,14,31,45
	新西兰植物与食品研究院	金果,阳光金果,魅力金果
	The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd	Hort16A,Gold 3,Gold 9
	湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	翠玉,楚红 Cuiyu,Chuhong
	江西省武宁县 Wuning County,Jiangxi Province	武宁1、2、3号 Wuning-1,2,3
	江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	金丰,魁蜜,江园1号 Jinfeng,Kuimi,Jiangyuan-1
毛花猕猴桃	江西省奉新县猕猴桃研究所	赣猕6号,赣绿1号,赣绿2号
A. eriantha	Institute of Kiwifruit in Fengxin County	Ganmi-6,Ganlü-1,Ganlü-2
	江西省南城县 Nancheng County,Jiangxi Province	麻毛10号,麻毛13号 Mamao-10,Mamao-13
	浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所 Horticultural Research Institute,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	华特 White
	江西省资溪县 Zixi County,Jiangxi Province	寻溪128号 Xunxi-128
	江西省安远县 Anyuan County,Jiangxi Province	三百山1号,三百山2号 Sanbaishan-1,Sanbaishan-2
美味猕猴桃	湖北省农业科学院果茶研究所 Institute of Fruit and Tea,	金魁 Jinkui
A. deliciosa	Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	江苏省徐州市 Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province	徐香 Xuxiang
	新西兰植物与食品研究院	海沃德 Hayward
	The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd
	西安市猕猴桃研究所 Institute of Kiwifruit in Xi'an City	翠香 Cuixiang
	贵州省修文县 Xiuwen County,Guizhou Province	贵长 Guichang
	湖南省吉首大学 Jishou University,Hunan Province	米良1号 Miliang-1

性状代号 Code of trait	性状 Trait	分级标准 Description of grading
ND	新梢茸毛密度 New shoot fluff density	1 = 无,2 = 稀少,3 = 中等,4 = 浓密 1 = None,2 = Exiguity,3 = Medium,4 = Thick
CT	1年生枝颜色 Color of one-year-old twig	1 = 褐色,2 = 红褐色,3 = 灰褐色,4 = 灰绿色,5 = 绿褐色,6 = 浅褐色 1 = Brown,2 = Red brown,3 = Grey brown,4 = Grey green,5 = Green brown,6 = Light brown
RT	1年生枝粗糙度 Roughness of one-year-old twig	1 = 光滑,2 = 中等,3 = 粗糙 1 = Smooth,2 = Medium,3 = Coarse
NT	1年生枝皮孔数量 Number of lenticels on one-year twig	1 = 少,2 = 中,3 = 多 1 = Few,2 = Medium,3 = Abound
SA	幼叶尖端形状 Shape of young leaf apex	1 = 尾状,2 = 锐尖,3 = 渐尖,4 = 微凹,5 = 微缺 1 = Caudate,2 = Acute,3 = Taper,4 = Dimple,5 = Emarginate
SB	幼叶基部形状 Shape of young leaf base	1 = 广开,2 = 开,3 = 浅重叠,4 = 相接 1 = Wide splay,2 = Splay,3 = Slight overlap,4 = Anastomosis
LS	成叶叶形Leaf shape	1 = 超广倒卵形,2 = 超广卵形,3 = 广倒卵形,4 = 倒卵形,5 = 广卵形 1 = Ultra-broadly obovate,2 = Ultra wide oval,3 = Broadly obovate,4 = Obovate,5 = Wide oval
SF	果形Shape of fruit	1 = 短梯形,2 = 长梯形,3 =卵形,4 = 倒卵形,5 = 广椭圆形,6 = 椭圆形,7 = 长圆柱形, 8 = 圆柱形,9 = 短柱形 1 = Short trapezoid,2 = Long trapezoid,3 = Ovoid,4 = Obovate,5 = Wide oval,6 = Oval,7 = Long cylinder,8 = Cylinder,9 = Short cylinder
CP	果皮颜色Color of pericarp	1 = 深褐色,2 = 褐色,3 = 红褐色,4 = 黄褐色,5 =灰褐色,6 = 绿褐色,7 = 浅绿色 1 = Dark brown,2 = Brown,3 = Red brown,4 = Yellow brown,5 = Grey brown,6 = Green brown,7 = Light green
TF	果实横切面形状 Transect shape of fruit	1 = 圆形,2 = 椭圆形,3 = 长椭圆形1 = Round,2 = Elliptic,3 = Long elliptic

性状代号 Code of trait	性状 Trait	分级标准 Description of grading
ND	新梢茸毛密度 New shoot fluff density	1 = 无,2 = 稀少,3 = 中等,4 = 浓密 1 = None,2 = Exiguity,3 = Medium,4 = Thick
CT	1年生枝颜色 Color of one-year-old twig	1 = 褐色,2 = 红褐色,3 = 灰褐色,4 = 灰绿色,5 = 绿褐色,6 = 浅褐色 1 = Brown,2 = Red brown,3 = Grey brown,4 = Grey green,5 = Green brown,6 = Light brown
RT	1年生枝粗糙度 Roughness of one-year-old twig	1 = 光滑,2 = 中等,3 = 粗糙 1 = Smooth,2 = Medium,3 = Coarse
NT	1年生枝皮孔数量 Number of lenticels on one-year twig	1 = 少,2 = 中,3 = 多 1 = Few,2 = Medium,3 = Abound
SA	幼叶尖端形状 Shape of young leaf apex	1 = 尾状,2 = 锐尖,3 = 渐尖,4 = 微凹,5 = 微缺 1 = Caudate,2 = Acute,3 = Taper,4 = Dimple,5 = Emarginate
SB	幼叶基部形状 Shape of young leaf base	1 = 广开,2 = 开,3 = 浅重叠,4 = 相接 1 = Wide splay,2 = Splay,3 = Slight overlap,4 = Anastomosis
LS	成叶叶形Leaf shape	1 = 超广倒卵形,2 = 超广卵形,3 = 广倒卵形,4 = 倒卵形,5 = 广卵形 1 = Ultra-broadly obovate,2 = Ultra wide oval,3 = Broadly obovate,4 = Obovate,5 = Wide oval
SF	果形Shape of fruit	1 = 短梯形,2 = 长梯形,3 =卵形,4 = 倒卵形,5 = 广椭圆形,6 = 椭圆形,7 = 长圆柱形, 8 = 圆柱形,9 = 短柱形 1 = Short trapezoid,2 = Long trapezoid,3 = Ovoid,4 = Obovate,5 = Wide oval,6 = Oval,7 = Long cylinder,8 = Cylinder,9 = Short cylinder
CP	果皮颜色Color of pericarp	1 = 深褐色,2 = 褐色,3 = 红褐色,4 = 黄褐色,5 =灰褐色,6 = 绿褐色,7 = 浅绿色 1 = Dark brown,2 = Brown,3 = Red brown,4 = Yellow brown,5 = Grey brown,6 = Green brown,7 = Light green
TF	果实横切面形状 Transect shape of fruit	1 = 圆形,2 = 椭圆形,3 = 长椭圆形1 = Round,2 = Elliptic,3 = Long elliptic

性状 Trait	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农—韦弗多样性指数 Shannon-weaver index
新梢茸毛密度New shoot fluff density	0.558	1.297
1年生枝颜色Color of one-year-old twig	0.737	1.752
1年生枝粗糙度Roughness of one-year-old twig	0.452	1.104
1年生枝皮孔数量Number of lenticels on one-year twig	0.336	0.912
幼叶尖端形状Shape of young leaf apex	0.338	1.021
幼叶基部形状Shape of young leaf base	0.707	1.846
成叶叶形Leaf shape	0.761	2.183
果形Shape of fruit	0.875	3.067
果皮颜色Color of pericarp	0.737	2.220
果实横切面形状Transect shape of fruit	0.534	1.259