三倍体枇杷与其四倍体和二倍体亲本光系统活性差异

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探寻三倍体枇杷光合作用效率及光系统活性的特点,于2018—2019年的3、7、12月,连续两年对两个杂交三倍体F₁代B431 × GZ1和B431 × GZ23,及其四倍体母本B431、二倍体父本GZ1、GZ23的叶片净光合速率（P_n）和快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线（OJIP曲线）进行了测定及JIP-test分析。结果表明:三倍体枇杷F₁代的P_n在3、7、12月均显著高于各自二倍体父本;但与四倍体母本在7月的差异不显著,在3、12月与四倍体母本的差异因杂交组合的不同而异,其光合差异主要与非气孔限制因素有关。同时,三倍体F₁代与四倍体母本的大部分荧光参数差异不显著,但与二倍体父本相比,其光能的吸收（ABS/CS_m）、捕获（TR_o/CS_m）能力强、热耗散（DI_o/CS_m）比例低,从而维持较高的电子传递性能（ET_o/CS_m）、促进PSⅡ与PSⅠ之间的电子传递（RE_o/CS_m）、维持相对较高的性能指数（PI_abs）及最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）。因此,三倍体枇杷较强的光系统活性及调节能力是其具有较高光合效率的原因之一。

关键词: 枇杷, 三倍体, 净光合速率, 光系统, 快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学

Abstract:

In order to explore the characteristics of photosynthetic efficiency and photosystem activity of triploid loquat,the triploidy progeny F₁（2n = 3x = 51）of B431 × GZ1 and B431 × GZ23,and their corresponding parents B431（2n = 4x = 68）,GZ1 & GZ23（2n = 2x = 34）were used to determine net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,the OJIP curve,then OJIP curve was analyzed by JIP-test in March,July,December of two consecutive years（2018-2019）. The results showed that the P_n of two triploid loquats was significantly higher than that of their diploid paternal parents,respectively;there was no significant difference with that of tetraploid maternal parent in July,and the difference with tetraploid maternal parent varied with different hybridized combination in March,December. And the difference of P_n may be mainly related to non-stomatal restriction factors. The JIP-test analysis showed that triploid loquat F₁ had higher ABS/CS_m,TR_o/CS_m,ET_o/CS_m and RE_o/CS_m,PI_abs,F_v/F_m and lower DI_o/CS_m ratio than their diploid paternal parents,respectively;while there was no significant difference with that of tetraploid maternal parent. Therefore,the higher activity of the triploid photosystem is a basic reason for its higher light utilization efficiency and regulation ability.

Key words: loquat, triploid, net photosynthetic rate, photosystem, the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics

中图分类号:

S667.3

刘明秀, 王泓丁, 张宇娜, 张帮燕, 刘松, 李韵佳, 党江波, 何桥, 梁国鲁, 郭启高. 三倍体枇杷与其四倍体和二倍体亲本光系统活性差异[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(1): 37-48.

LIU Mingxiu, WANG Hongding, ZHANG Yuna, ZHANG Bangyan, LIU Song, LI Yunjia, DANG Jiangbo, HE Qiao, LIANG Guolu, GUO Qigao. Comparative Analysis of the Photosystem Activity of Triploid Loquats and Their Tetraploid,Diploid Parents[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(1): 37-48.

图/表 8

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材料编号 Material	倍性 Ploidy
B431（龙泉1号Longquan 1）	四倍体 Tetraploid（2n = 4x = 68）
GZ1（贵州1号Guizhou 1）	二倍体 Diploid（2n = 2x = 34）
GZ23（贵州23号Guizhou 23）	二倍体 Diploid（2n = 2x = 34）
B431 × GZ1	三倍体 Triploid（2n = 3x = 51）
B431 × GZ23	三倍体 Triploid（2n = 3x = 51）

材料编号 Material	倍性 Ploidy
B431（龙泉1号Longquan 1）	四倍体 Tetraploid（2n = 4x = 68）
GZ1（贵州1号Guizhou 1）	二倍体 Diploid（2n = 2x = 34）
GZ23（贵州23号Guizhou 23）	二倍体 Diploid（2n = 2x = 34）
B431 × GZ1	三倍体 Triploid（2n = 3x = 51）
B431 × GZ23	三倍体 Triploid（2n = 3x = 51）

2018		2019
日期/（M-D）Date	℃	日期/（M-D）Date	℃
03-20	12 ~ 23	03-27	15 ~ 20
03-21	12 ~ 23	03-28	14 ~ 24
03-22	10 ~ 25	03-29	12 ~ 28
07-19	27 ~ 41	07-27	29 ~ 37
07-20	30 ~ 40	07-28	29 ~ 38
07-21	28 ~ 41	07-29	27 ~ 38
12-16	3 ~ 15	12-05	7 ~ 13
12-17	3 ~ 15	12-06	5 ~ 15
12-18	6 ~ 11	12-07	6 ~ 15

2018		2019
日期/（M-D）Date	℃	日期/（M-D）Date	℃
03-20	12 ~ 23	03-27	15 ~ 20
03-21	12 ~ 23	03-28	14 ~ 24
03-22	10 ~ 25	03-29	12 ~ 28
07-19	27 ~ 41	07-27	29 ~ 37
07-20	30 ~ 40	07-28	29 ~ 38
07-21	28 ~ 41	07-29	27 ~ 38
12-16	3 ~ 15	12-05	7 ~ 13
12-17	3 ~ 15	12-06	5 ~ 15
12-18	6 ~ 11	12-07	6 ~ 15

材料 Material	PI_abs		F_v/F_m		V_j		V_i	ABS/CS_m
B431	4.66 ± 0.37 b		0.81 ± 0.01 ab		0.51 ± 0.01 b		0.77 ± 0.01 a	46 340.57 ± 2 330.40 a
B431 × GZ1	6.63 ± 0.56 a		0.82 ± 0.004 a		0.49 ± 0.02 b		0.75 ± 0.01 a	44 771.71 ± 1 745.30 a
B431 × GZ23	4.44 ± 0.31 bc		0.81 ± 0.003 a		0.59 ± 0.01 a		0.77 ± 0.01 a	46 471.86 ± 1 341.40 a
GZ1	3.89 ± 0.29 bc		0.79 ± 0.01 bc		0.53 ± 0.02 ab		0.77 ± 0.01 a	33 239.83 ± 1 129.00 b
GZ23	2.98 ± 0.35 c		0.79 ± 0.001 c		0.56 ± 0.02 ab		0.77 ± 0.01 a	41 298.00 ± 1 108.8 a
材料 Material		Di_o/CS_m		TR_o/CS_m		ET_o/CS_m			RE_o/CS_m
B431		8 657.00 ± 212.33 a		37 774.14 ± 2 171.20 a		18 856.29 ± 1516.10 ab			8 867.13 ± 826.47 a
B431 × GZ1		7 871.86 ± 321.45 a		37 164.43 ± 1 510.20 a		19 353.43 ± 1204.60 a			9 011.00 ± 574.37 a
B431 × GZ23		8 632.43 ± 314.14 a		37 493.30 ± 1 115.4 a		15 833.43 ± 341.60 abc			8 316.29 ± 127.45 ab
GZ1		6 777.83 ± 112.87 b		27 081.50 ± 959.00 b		12 476.17 ± 526.00 c			6 378.33 ± 198.38 b
GZ23		8 741.14 ± 208.63 a		32 831.70 ± 951.10 ab		15 048.29 ± 719.20 bc			7 412.57 ± 342.00 ab