棘孢木霉提高香蕉抗旱的生理生态机制

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0251

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 2169-2184.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0251

棘孢木霉提高香蕉抗旱的生理生态机制

张妙宜¹^,^*, 燕昆¹^,²^,^*, 王尉¹, 赵炎坤¹, 李凯¹, 陈宇丰¹, 冯筠庭¹^,^**(), 谢江辉¹^,^**()

¹ 中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院，热带生物技术研究所，热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室，海南三亚 570100
² 中国农业大学园艺学院，北京 100193

收稿日期:2026-04-10 修回日期:2026-06-07 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-23
通讯作者:
^** E-mail：fengjunting@catasitbb.cn；
xiejianghui@catasitbb.cn
作者简介:
^* 共同第一作者
基金资助:
三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项资助(SKJC-JYRC-2024-78); 全国重点实验室PI项目(NKLTCBCXTD27); 中国热带农业科学院基本业务费项目(1630052022006); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-31)

Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Trichoderma asperellum in Enhancing Drought Resistance of Banana Plants

ZHANG Miaoyi¹, YAN Kun¹^,², WANG Wei¹, ZHAO Yankun¹, LI Kai¹, CHEN Yufeng¹, FENG Junting¹^,^**(), XIE Jianghui¹^,^**()

¹ Sanya Research Institute， Institute of Tropical Biotechnology，National Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Sanya， Hainan 570100， China
² College of Horticulture， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China

Received:2026-04-10 Revised:2026-06-07 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以前期分离具有多重功能的棘孢木霉M7（Trichoderma asperellum M7）为研究对象，通过生理生化测定、基因表达分析及微生物组学技术，探究其提升香蕉抗旱能力的生理与生态机制。结果表明，接种M7显著提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，增加脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，降低丙二醛（MDA）积累，并促进根系脱落酸（ABA）与生长素（IAA）合成，有效缓解了干旱对幼苗生长的抑制。基因表达分析显示，接种后ABA生物合成基因（MaAO、MaNCED2）、信号转导基因（MaSnRK2-11）及水通道蛋白基因（MaPIP1;1）的表达水平显著上调。此外，与接种M7的灭菌土壤处理相比，自然土壤中显著富集了假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、亚硝化球菌属（Nitrosococcus）和链霉菌属（Streptomyces）等有益微生物。通过核心微生物分离和回接验证试验，发现复合微生物群落可有效提高植株的抗旱性，其中部分微生物单独接种也有一定作用。综上，棘孢木霉M7通过直接调控宿主生理生化与抗旱基因表达，以及间接重塑根际有益微生物群落，协同增强香蕉抗旱能力。

关键词: 香蕉, 干旱胁迫, 棘孢木霉, 生理调控, 根际微生物

Abstract:

This study investigated the physiological and microecological mechanisms by which Trichoderma asperellum M7 enhances drought tolerance in banana using physiological and biochemical assays，gene expression analysis，and microbiome technology. The results showed that M7 inoculation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），and catalase（CAT）in leaf. The strain treatment also elevated proline and soluble sugar contents，reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）accumulation，and promoted the synthesis of abscisic acid（ABA）and auxin（IAA）in roots，thereby effectively alleviating the inhibitory effects of drought on seedling growth. Gene expression analysis revealed that the M7 significantly up-regulated transcript levels of ABA biosynthesis genes（MaAO，MaNCED2），a signal transduction gene（MaSnRK2-11），and an aquaporin gene（MaPIP1;1）. Furthermore，compared with the sterilized soil treated with M7，the natural soil significantly enriched beneficial microorganisms such as Pseudomonas，Nitrosococcus，and Streptomyces. Through core microbe isolation and reconnection verification experiments，it was found that the composite microbial community could effectively enhance the drought-resistant phenotype of plants，and some of the microorganisms alone also had certain effects. In conclusion，M7 inoculation was associated with enhanced drought tolerance in banana，which correlated with direct modulation of host physiological responses and drought-responsive gene expression，as well as indirect reshaping of the beneficial rhizosphere microbial community，suggesting a synergistic effect.

Key words: banana, drought stress, Trichoderma asperellum, physiological regulation, rhizosphere microorganisms

张妙宜, 燕昆, 王尉, 赵炎坤, 李凯, 陈宇丰, 冯筠庭, 谢江辉. 棘孢木霉提高香蕉抗旱的生理生态机制[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(7): 2169-2184.

ZHANG Miaoyi, YAN Kun, WANG Wei, ZHAO Yankun, LI Kai, CHEN Yufeng, FENG Junting, XIE Jianghui. Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Trichoderma asperellum in Enhancing Drought Resistance of Banana Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2169-2184.

图/表 14

表1 引物序列信息

Table 1 Primer sequence information in this study

基因Gene	引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence	扩增长度/bp Amplified length
MaActin	F：CGAGGCTCAATCAAAGA； R：ACCAGCAAGGTCCAAAC	343
MaPIP1；1	F：ATCACCATCCTCACGGTCAT； R：CACCCAGGCCATCACCCTTG	340
MaNCED1	F：CGAGGTGGTGGTGATTGGA； R：CGGCTTCGAGGTTGAGTTGA	167
MaNCED2	F：TCGCCATCACCGAGAACTAC； R：CACAGGTGGAAGCAGAAGCA	196
MaSDR2	F：GACATCAAGGACGAGAAGGGAC； R：AGCTTACCGTGGAGGGAGA	125
MaAO	F：CCTAACGCATCACCAACAGC； R：GCACGCACTAACTCGGCAAA	143
MaSnRK2-11	F：GCATCCTAATATCGTCCGGTTCA； R：CCTTGCCTCATCTTCACTAAACC	136
MabZIP10	F：CACCTTGCCCAGAACCCTTAG； R：ATATCCTCCCGCACCACTCC	155

图1 棘孢木霉M7对干旱—复水处理下香蕉生长指标的影响 Blank：M7 + 正常供水；T：M7 + 干旱；CK：干旱对照组（未接种）。不同小写字母表示在 P < 0.05水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 1 Effect of Trichoderma asperellum M7 on growth indices of banana seedlings under drought-rehydration treatment Blank：M7 + water；T：M7 + drought；CK：Drought control（non-inoculated）. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below

图2 棘孢木霉M7对干旱—复水处理后香蕉幼苗各组织相对含水量的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of Trichoderma asperellum M7 on relative water content in different tissues of banana seedlings after drought-rehydration treatment

图3 棘孢木霉M7对复水后香蕉根系抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of Trichoderma asperellum M7 on antioxidant enzyme activities in banana roots after rehydration

图4 棘孢木霉M7对复水后香蕉渗透调节能力的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of Trichoderma asperellum M7 on osmotic adjustment ability of banana plants after rehydration

图5 棘孢木霉M7对复水后香蕉幼苗根系激素含量的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of Trichoderma asperellum M7 on hormone content in roots of banana seedlings after rehydration

图6 不同抗旱相关基因在香蕉根部的表达量

Fig. 6 Relative expression levels of drought resistance-related genes in banana roots

表2 干旱15 d不同处理下香蕉幼苗生长指标

Table 2 Growth indices of banana seedlings under different treatments after 15 ddrought

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem diameter	根长/cm Root length
T1-灭菌 T1-sterilization	13.05 ± 1.42 b	10.71 ± 1.19 b	21.88 ± 3.11 b
CK1-灭菌 CK1-sterilization	13.80 ± 1.31 b	10.54 ± 1.26 b	19.70 ± 2.57 b
T1	16.57 ± 2.40 a	12.57 ± 1.49 a	27.80 ± 3.96 a
CK1	15.99 ± 2.08 a	11.57 ± 1.22 a	22.36 ± 3.17 b

图7 干旱处理15 d及复水3 d后香蕉幼苗生长状态

Fig. 7 Growth status of banana seedlings after 15 d of drought treatment and 3 d of rehydration

图8 根际土壤微生物群落多样性分析 A ~ C：α多样性指数，分别为观察到的物种数量、Chao1指数和Shannon指数；D：基于Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析结果；E：非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）结果。* P < 0.05

Fig. 8 Diversity analysis of microbial community in rhizosphere soil A-C：α diversity indices，representing the observed species richness，Chao1 index and Shannon index，respectively；D：The principal coordinates analysis（PCoA）based on Bray-Curtis distances；E：The non-metric multidimensional scaling（NMDS）analysis. * P < 0.05

图9 香蕉幼苗根际微生物门（A）和属（B）的丰度

Fig. 9 Microphyla（A）and genus（B）abundance of microbial community in rhizosphere soil

图10 核心微生物的分离培养

Fig. 10 Isolation and culture of core microorganisms

图11 微生物组共现网络图红色连线表示共生，灰色连线表示拮抗

Fig. 11 Co-occurrence network diagram of the microbiome The red line indicates symbiosis，and the gray line indicates antagonism

图12 不同处理组香蕉幼苗干旱15 d后表型

Fig. 12 Phenotypes of banana seedlings in each group after 15 days of drought stress

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棘孢木霉提高香蕉抗旱的生理生态机制

Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Trichoderma asperellum in Enhancing Drought Resistance of Banana Plants

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棘孢木霉提高香蕉抗旱的生理生态机制

Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Trichoderma asperellum in Enhancing Drought Resistance of Banana Plants

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