混栽葱属、芥菜和苜蓿对毛桃幼苗连作障碍的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0985

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨混栽作物防控桃连作障碍的可行性，在连作土盆栽桃苗四周分别混栽洋葱、葱、大蒜、韭菜、芥菜和苜蓿，种植90 d后测定桃苗的形态和生理生化指标以及土壤的理化性质、酶活及微生物群落变化。结果表明除芥菜外，混栽其他作物均能改善桃苗生长，其中大蒜的整体效果最好，不仅显著增加了桃苗的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶表面积、叶片叶绿素含量、地上部和地下部生物量，还能促进根系生长，并提高土壤有机质和速效钾含量，以及土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和转化酶的活性，有益细菌链霉菌属（Streptomyces）和真菌斜盖伞属（Clitopilus）的丰度，降低功能预测为植物病原真菌的丰度。因此，混栽适宜作物可通过调节土壤微生物群落结构、改变连作土壤理化特性、促进植株生长等途径缓解桃连作障碍，综合来看大蒜的效果最为显著。桃园混栽大蒜或者老桃园更新中利用大蒜轮作或间套作，有望缓解桃树连作障碍。

关键词: 桃, 连作障碍, 混作, 根际微生物, 土壤酶活性, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

To explore the feasibility of using intercropping to mitigate peach replant problem，peach seedlings grown in replanted soil were intercropped with onion，shallot，garlic，Chinese leek，mustard，and alfalfa for 90 days. After this period，the growth characteristics and physiological-biochemical indices of peach seedlings were measured，alongside changes in soil physicochemical properties，enzyme activity and microbial community. Results showed that，except for mustard，intercropping with all other crops improved peach seedlings growth，with garlic having the most significant effect. Garlic intercropping significantly increased seedlings height，stem diameter，leaf number，leaf area，chlorophyll content，aboveground and root biomass，and promoted root growth. Additionally，it increased soil organic matter， available potassium，soil urease，catalase and invertase activity，as well as the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Streptomyces and fungi like Clitopilus，while reducing the abundance of predicted plant pathogenic fungi. In summary，intercropping suitable crops can alleviate peach replant problem by regulating soil microbial community structure，optimizing replanted soil environment，and promoting plant growth. Garlic，in particular，showed the most prominent effects. Thus，intercropping or rotating garlic in peach orchards or in the renewal of old orchards holds potential as an effective strategy for alleviating peach replant problem.

Key words: Prunus persica, replant problem, intercropping, rhizosphere microbiota, soil enzyme activity, soil physiochemical property

杜昊炜, 廖炜, 黄雪, 杨金枝, 沈婉琪, 张东梅, 刘军伟, 李国怀. 混栽葱属、芥菜和苜蓿对毛桃幼苗连作障碍的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(1): 185-199.

DU Haowei, LIAO Wei, HUANG Xue, YANG Jinzhi, SHEN Wanqi, ZHANG Dongmei, LIU Junwei, LI Guohuai. Intercropping of Allium，Mustard，and Alfalfa on the Growth Performance and Soil Environment of Replant Soil-Cultivated Peach Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 185-199.

图/表 9

图1 不同作物混栽下连作土盆栽桃苗的生长

Fig. 1 Growth performance of potted peach seedlings in replanted soil under mixed planting of different crops

图2 不同作物混栽处理对连作土盆栽桃苗生长量的影响不同字母表示经Duncan’s多重检验处理间有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Growth performance of replant soil-potted peach seedlings under different mixed cropping treatments Ac：Allium cepa；Af：A. fistulosum；At：A. tuberosum；As：A. sativum；Bj：Brassica juncea；Ms：Medicago sativa. Different letters indicate significant differences as conducted by Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05. The same below

图3 不同作物混栽下连作土盆栽桃苗根系的生长状况

Fig. 3 Root growth performance of replant soil-potted peach seedling under different mixed cropping treatments

图4 不同作物混栽对连作土盆栽桃苗叶片SPAD和叶绿素含量的影响

Fig. 4 SPAD and chlorophyll content of peach leaves grown in peach replanted soil under different mixed cropping treatments

表1 不同作物混栽对桃苗连作土壤理化性质的影响

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of peach replanted soil under different mixed cropping treatments with peach seedlings

作物 Crop	有机质/% Ogranic matter	mg · kg^-1						pH
作物 Crop	有机质/% Ogranic matter	碱解氮 Alkali- hydrolyzable N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	有效钙 Available Ca	有效镁 Available Mg	有效钠 Available Na	pH
对照Control	4.05 ± 0.11 b	71.93 ± 3.86 b	19.20 ± 0.92 a	98.58 ± 5.86 b	2 602.74 ± 66.78 b	546.72 ± 17.42 b	120.09 ± 1.22 c	5.90 ± 0.09 a
芥菜Brassica juncea	3.89 ± 0.04 b	80.78 ± 3.75 a	16.27 ±0.72 b	103.90 ± 3.29 b	2 894.05 ± 146.79 a	632.42 ± 25.21 a	128.86 ± 2.19 b	5.77 ± 0.07 b
苜蓿Medicago sativa	3.62 ± 0.03 c	74.46 ± 2.48 ab	17.62 ±0.62 ab	120.49 ± 3.11 a	2 702.73 ± 62.20 ab	617.22 ± 17.11 a	137.67 ± 3.16 a	5.72 ± 0.02 b
大蒜Allium sativum	4.24 ± 0.16 a	74.48 ± 2.77 ab	17.64 ±1.13 ab	118.94 ± 5.80 a	2 246.67 ± 112.66 c	532.36 ± 28.34 b	122.44 ± 2.81 c	5.81 ± 0.07 ab

图5 不同作物混栽对桃苗连作土壤酶活性的影响

Fig. 5 Enzyme activities of peach replanted soil under different mixed cropping treatments with peach seedlings

图6 不同作物混栽对连作土壤盆栽桃苗根际真菌（A、C）和细菌（B、D ~ F）群落相对丰度的影响星号表示各处理与对照有显著差异（Tukey检验，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01）

Fig. 6 Relative abundance of rhizosphere fungal（A，C）and bacterial（B，D-F）communities of peach plants grown in replanted soil under different mixed cropping treatments Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments and the control as conducted by Tukey test at * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

图7 不同作物混栽处理下土壤理化性质与微生物群落的冗余分析 AN：有效态氮；AP：有效态磷；AK：有效态钾；Aca：有效态钙；SOM：有机质；SC：土壤过氧化氢酶；SU：土壤脲酶； SNI：土壤中性转换酶。不同颜色的圆点代表不同的样本点，各环境因子所在象限表示环境因子与排序轴间的正负相关性，箭头的长短代表相关性程度（箭头越长，相关性越大，反之亦然）

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis of soil physiochemical properties and microbial community under different mixed copping treatments AN：Available nitrogen，AP：Available phosphate，AK：Available potassium；Aca：Available calcium；SOM：Soil organic matter； SC：Soil catalase，SU：Soil urease；SNI：Soil neutral invertase. The dots of different colors represent different sample points. The quadrant of each environmental factor represents the positive and negative correlation between the environmental factor and the sorting axis. The length of the arrow represents the degree of correlation（the longer the arrow，the greater the correlation，and vice versa）

图8 不同作物混栽处理下土壤真菌的FUNGuild（A）和细菌的PICRUSt1（B）功能预测分析

Fig. 8 Functional prediction analysis of soil fungi using FUNGuild（A）and bacteria using PICRUSt1（B）under different mixed planting treatments

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