4个桃砧木种质对流胶病菌的抗性评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1161

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以4份桃砧木资源（‘桃巴旦’‘筑波’‘浙砧1号’和毛桃）和2份流胶病抗性差异桃品种（‘大红袍’‘春雪’）为试验材料，利用离体枝条接种流胶病菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae JMB-122和Botryosphaeria dothidea XNHG-241进行抗病性评价，测定抗氧化酶活性、激素及相关基因表达，评价上述桃种质对流胶病的抗性。结果表明，‘桃巴旦’抗病性最强，‘筑波’‘浙砧1号’‘大红袍’‘春雪’次之，毛桃最为感病。接种流胶病菌后，‘桃巴旦’的病斑扩展速率和流胶率均显著低于其他种质，其抗氧化酶活性迅速升高，水杨酸和茉莉酸含量也迅速增加，水杨酸合成基因PpICS2及茉莉酸合成基因PpLOX2表达显著上调，可以作为桃抗流胶病砧木资源。

关键词: 桃, 流胶病, 种质, 砧木, 葡萄座腔菌, 可可毛色二孢

Abstract:

Four peach rootstock resources（Taobadan，Tsukuba，Zhezhen 1，and Prunus persica）and two peach cultivars（Dahongpao and Spring Snow）with varying resistance to gummosis were used as experimental materials，disease resistance evaluation was conducted after inoculating with gummosis pathogens Lasiodiplodia theobromae JMB-122 and Botryosphaeria dothidea XNHG-241 using the detached shoot inoculation method. Antioxidant enzyme activities，hormone content and related genes expression were measured to assess the resistance of these peach germplasms to gummosis. The results showed that Taobadan exhibited the highest level of resistance，followed sequentially by Tsukuba，Zhezhen 1，Dahongpao，and Spring Snow. In contrast，P. persica identified was the most susceptible. Following inoculation with gummosis pathogens，Taobadan exhibited a significantly reduced lesion expansion rate and gummosis incidence compared to other germplasms. Additionally，there was a rapid increase in its antioxidant enzyme activities，alongside a swift elevation in the levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The expression of salicylic acid biosynthesis gene PpICS2 and jasmonic acid biosynthesis gene PpLOX2 were significantly up-regulated，and Taobadan is a promising resistant rootstock for peach gummosis.

Key words: peach, gummosis, germplasm, rootstock, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia theobromae

卓思婷, 梁鑫, 沈兴仪, 黄雪, 刘军伟, 赵恃立, 何华平, 李国怀, 朱炜, 朱凯杰. 4个桃砧木种质对流胶病菌的抗性评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(7): 2004-2018.

ZHUO Siting, LIANG Xin, SHEN Xingyi, HUANG Xue, LIU Junwei, ZHAO Shili, HE Huaping, LI Guohuai, ZHU Wei, ZHU Kaijie. Assessment of Gummosis Pathogens Resistance in Four Peach Rootstocks[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2004-2018.

图/表 9

表1 本试验所用引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences used in this study

基因名称Gene name	正引物（5′-3′）Forward primer	反引物（5′-3′）Reverse primer
PpTEF2	AGCAAGTCACCCAACAAGCATA	CCAACCAAACTCTTCAGCCAAT
PpICS2	TTCAGGTGCTGCTTGACTGC	GGACTGGTTCAGATGCGTGG
PpLOX2	GTGGACTCACTGGGAGAGGA	GTTGCACGACCATTTCACAC

图1 不同种质桃枝条离体接种JMB-122和XNHG-241后5 d的病斑形态

Fig. 1 The morphology of lesions on peach shoots of different germplasms after 5 days of inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241

图2 不同种质桃枝条离体接种JMB-122和XNHG-241后的病斑长度单因素方差分析，不同小写字母表示同一时期不同种质间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Lesion length on peach shoots of different germplasms after inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241 One-way ANOVA，different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different germplasms at the same period（P < 0.05）. The same below

表2 不同种质桃枝条离体接种JMB-122和XNHG-241 5 d后的流胶率

Table 2 Gummosis incidence in detached shoots of different peach germplasms after 5 days of inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241

种质 Germplasm	流胶率/% Gummosis incidence
种质 Germplasm	JMB-122	XNHG-241
桃巴旦Taobadan	3.6	0
浙砧1号Zhezhen 1	47.8	3.3
筑波Tsukuba	77.0	0
大红袍Dahongpao	91.7	1.1
春雪Spring Snow	64.9	4.3
毛桃Prunus persica	83.3	9.5

图3 不同桃种质枝条离体接种JMB-122与XNHG-241后过氧化物酶（POD）活性

Fig. 3 Peroxidase（POD）activity in detached shoots of different peach germplasms after inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241

图4 不同桃种质枝条离体接种JMB-122与XNHG-241后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性

Fig. 4 Superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity in detached shoots of different peach germplasms after inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241

图5 不同桃种质枝条离体接种JMB-122与XNHG-241菌株后过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性

Fig. 5 Catalase（CAT）activity in detached shoots of different peach germplasms after inoculation with JMB-122 and XNHG-241

图6 桃枝条离体接种JMB-122后水杨酸和茉莉酸含量

Fig. 6 Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid contents in peach detached shoots after inoculation with JMB-122 Student’s t-test，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

图7 不同桃种质枝条离体接种JMB-122后PpICS2和PpLOX2基因的表达

Fig. 7 Expression analysis of related genes PpICS2 and PpLOX2 in shoots of different peach germplasms after inoculation with JMB-122

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