洋葱根际促生菌的筛选分离及复合微生物菌剂对洋葱的促生作用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0684

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究利用洋葱根际促生菌制成复合微生物菌剂的促生效果，以河西地区洋葱根际土壤为材料，通过功能性培养基分离筛选促生菌，共分离筛选出25株菌株，均具有溶磷能力，其中YC-342的溶磷能力最强（455.833 μg · mL^-1）；15株具有固氮功能，其中JQ-MY-42菌株的固氮酶活性最高（90.02 nmol · h^-1 · mL^-1）；7株具有分泌IAA的能力，其中JQ-MY-41的分泌量最高（3.590 μg · mL^-1）。利用16S rDNA序列对菌株进行鉴定。选取6株优势菌株配制成4种复合菌剂，通过盆栽试验验证其促生作用。经综合评价，4种复合菌剂中TE配方（JQ-MY-41 + JQ-MY-42 + YC-342）表现最优：其溶磷量达611.70 μg · mL^-1，显著高于其他配方；与对照相比，洋葱株高、茎粗、地上部与地下部干质量和鲜质量均显著增加；叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性达380.34 U · g^-1，显著高于对照；过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加35%、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性增加38.54%、过氧化物酶（POD）活性降低48.83%；叶片MDA含量降至0.81 μmol · g^-1，显著低于对照的1.02 μmol · g^-1；叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加了25.71%、43.24%和26.92%，总叶绿素含量达1.85 mg · g^-1，显著高于对照（1.41 mg · g^-1）；叶绿素a/b比值（2.50）和类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素比值（0.18）均与对照无显著差异；根际土壤过氧化氢酶（S-CAT）、蔗糖酶（S-UC）、脲酶（S-UE）、碱性磷酸酶（S-ALP）活性分别提高了123.08%、148.19%、58.16%、136.36%。主成分分析显示TE处理综合得分最高（0.7478），是洋葱根际促生菌复合微生物菌剂的最优配方。

关键词: 洋葱, 根际促生菌, 筛选, 复合微生物菌剂, 河西地区, 盆栽试验, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In order to screen onion rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and explore their growth-promoting effects after being made into compound microbial agents，the onion rhizosphere soil in Hexi area was used as the material，and the growth-promoting bacteria were isolated and screened by functional medium. A total of 25 strains were isolated and screened，all of which had phosphorus- solubilizing ability，among which YC-342 had the strongest phosphorus-solubilizing ability（455.833 μg · mL^-1）. 15 strains had nitrogen fixation function，and the nitrogenase activity of JQ-MY-42 strain was the highest（90.02 nmol · h^-1 · mL^-1）. Seven strains had the ability to secrete IAA，among which JQ-MY-41 had the highest secretion（3.590 μg · mL^-1）. The strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequence. Six dominant strains were selected to prepare four kinds of compound microbial agents，and their growth-promoting effects were verified by pot experiment. After comprehensive evaluation，the TE formula（JQ-MY-41 + JQ-MY-42 + YC-342）showed the best performance among the four composite microbial agents：its phosphorus solubility reached 611.70 μg · mL^-1，which was significantly higher than other formulas. Compared with the control，the plant height，stem diameter，dry weight and fresh weight of aboveground and underground parts of onion were significantly increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）in leaves reached 380.34 U · g^-1，which was significantly higher than that of the control. The activity of catalase（CAT）increased by 35%，the activity of ascorbate peroxidase（APX）increased by 38.54%，and the activity of peroxidase（POD）decreased by 48.83%. The content of MDA in leaves decreased to 0.81 μmol · g ^-1，which was significantly lower than that of the control（1.02 μmol · g^-1）. The contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased by 25.71%，43.24% and 26.92%，respectively，and the total chlorophyll content reached 1.85 mg · g^-1，which was significantly higher than that of the control（1.41 mg · g^-1）. The Chl a/b ratio（2.50）and Car/Chl ratio（0.18）were not significantly different from the control. The activities of catalase（S-CAT），sucrase（S-UC），urease（S-UE）and alkaline phosphatase（S-ALP）in rhizosphere soil increased by 123.08%，148.19%，58.16% and 136.36%，respectively. Principal component analysis showed that TE treatment had the highest comprehensive score （0.7478），which was the optimal formula for onion rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria compound microbial inoculants.

Key words: onion, rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, screening, compound microbial inoculant, hexi region, pot experiment, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S633.2

姚文霞, 范相军, 韩佳, 李慧, 陆洋, 杨宏羽, 张玉鑫. 洋葱根际促生菌的筛选分离及复合微生物菌剂对洋葱的促生作用[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2733-2751.

YAO Wenxia, FAN Xiangjun, HAN Jia, LI Hui, LU Yang, YANG Hongyu, ZHANG Yuxin. Screening and Isolation of Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Onion Rhizosphere and the Growth-Promoting Effect of Composite Microbial Agents on Onion[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2733-2751.

图/表 14

图1 基于16S rDNA序列构建洋葱根际促生菌系统发育树

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR）from onion based on 16S rDNA sequences

表1 洋葱根际促生菌株的溶磷、固氮及分泌IAA能力测定结果

Table 1 The determination results of phosphate solubilization，nitrogen fixation and IAA secretion ability of onion rhizosphere growth-promoting strains

菌株 Strain	溶磷量/（μg · mL^-1） Phosphorus-solubilizing capacity	固氮酶活性/（nmol · h^-1 · mL^-1） Nitrogenase activity	IAA分泌量/（μg · mL^-1） IAA secretion amount	pH
JQ-MY-41	75.833	14.617	3.590	4.42
JQ-MY-1	48.782	2.642	0.729	5.69
JQ-MY-42	318.013	90.021	—	5.45
JQ-271	420.962	7.134	1.184	4.31
JQ-232(4)	76.090	—	—	4.82
JQ-142	77.628	—	—	5.40
JQ-232(2)	5.449	—	—	5.37
JQ-6412	238.397	—	—	4.72
JQ-232	225.064	49.488	0.238	6.24
JQ-MY-2	56.474	85.649	—	5.34
GT-5522	21.218	—	—	5.78
GT-142	52.628	—	—	5.49
GT-5521	18.782	—	—	5.81
GT-331	263.782	—	—	4.44
GT-441	455.577	7.134	—	4.32
GT-151	161.859	24.782	—	5.04
LJ-51	21.090	20.037	0.039	5.80
LJ-41	126.346	—	—	5.05
YC-4101	111.218	2.734	2.734	5.19
YC-142	78.526	3.909	—	5.34
YC-4211	454.167	12.152	2.567	4.11
YC-142(2)	449.551	—	—	4.23
YC-342	455.833	4.824	—	5.64
YC-161	14.295	5.355	—	6.27
YC-561	13.782	5.110	—	6.25

图2 洋葱根际促生菌株间的拮抗作用 TA：JQ-232 + JQ-MY-42 + JQ-271；TB：GT-151 + JQ-MY-41 + JQ-271；TC：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-232 + YC-342；TD：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-232 + JQ-MY-42；TE：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-MY-42 + YC-342；TF：JQ-271 + JQ-232 + YC-342。下同

Fig. 2 Antagonism between growth-promoting strains in onion rhizosphere TA：JQ-232 + JQ-MY-42 + JQ-271；TB：GT-151 + JQ-MY-41 + JQ-271；TC：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-232 + YC-342；TD：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-232 + JQ-MY-42；TE：JQ-MY-41 + JQ-MY-42 + YC-342；TF：JQ-271 + JQ-232 + YC-342. The same below

表2 洋葱根际优势促生菌株对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌作用

Table 2 Antibacterial effect of dominant growth-promoting strains in onion rhizosphere on Fusarium oxysporum

菌株编号 Strain Number	病原菌菌落直径/cm Pathogenic Bacterium Colony Diameter	抑菌率/% Bacteriostatic rate
CK	5.0 ± 0.1 a	—
JQ-MY-41	4.5 ± 0.2 ab	10.24 ± 0.30 e
JQ-MY-42	4.4 ± 0.1 ab	12.16 ± 0.24 d
JQ-271	4.3 ± 0.1 b	14.10 ± 0.20 c
JQ-232	4.6 ± 0.1 a	8.16 ± 0.26 f
YC-342	4.1 ± 0.1 c	18.04 ± 0.16 a
GT-151	4.2 ± 0.1 bc	16.06 ± 0.22 b

图3 洋葱根际促生菌株与尖孢镰刀菌抑菌效果

Fig. 3 Antibacterial effect of onion rhizosphere growth-promoting strains and Fusarium oxysporum

图4 不同复合菌剂配方对洋葱的溶磷、固氮、IAA分泌能力及pH值的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05），Duncan’s多重比较。下同

Fig. 4 Effects of different compound microbial agent formulations on phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，IAA secretion ability and pH value of onion Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments（P < 0.05），Duncan’s multiple range test. The same below

图5 不同复合菌剂配方处理对洋葱植株形态指标的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of different compound microbial agents on morphological indexes of onion plants

图6 不同复合菌剂配方处理对洋葱根系活力的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of different compound microbial agents on root activity of onion

图7 不同复合菌剂配方处理对洋葱叶片光合色素含量的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of different compound microbial agents on photosynthetic pigment content in onion leaves

图8 不同复合微生物菌剂配方对洋葱抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of different composite microbial agent formulations on antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content in onion

图9 不同复合微生物菌剂对洋葱根际土壤酶活性的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of different composite microbial agents on inter-root soil enzyme activities of onion

图10 洋葱生长、生理及土壤指标的相关性分析图中红色代表正相关，蓝色代表负相关，颜色越深代表相关性越强。* P < 0.05；** P < 0.01

Fig. 10 Correlation analysis of onion growth，physiology and soil indexes The red color in the graph represents positive correlation and the blue color represents negative correlation，and the darker color represents stronger correlation. * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

表3 不同复合微生物菌剂配方处理对洋葱促生效果主成分分析及方差解释

Table 3 Principal component analysis and variance explanation of growth-promoting effects of different compound microbial inoculant formulations on onion

指标 Index	载荷 Load
指标 Index	PC1	PC2
地上鲜质量 AFM	0.089	0.092
地上干质量 ADM	0.087	0.071
地下鲜质量 UFM	0.083	0.163
地下干质量 UDM	0.079	0.186
根系活力 RA	-0.056	0.072
株高 PH	0.087	-0.054
茎粗 SD	0.089	-0.076
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	0.093	-0.012
过氧化物酶 POD	-0.052	0.258
过氧化氢酶 CAT	0.042	0.296
抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 APX	0.033	-0.323
土壤蔗糖酶 S-UC	0.093	-0.043
土壤脲酶 S-UE	0.091	0.007
土壤碱性磷酸酶 S-ALP	0.089	-0.057
土壤过氧化氢酶 S-CAT	0.088	-0.065
特征值 Eiges value	10.649	2.806
方差贡献率/% Proportion of variance	70.993	18.704
累积方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance	70.993	89.697

表4 不同复合微生物菌剂配方处理对洋葱促生效果综合得分及排名

Table 4 Comprehensive scores and rankings of growth-promoting effects of different compound microbial inoculant formulations on onion

处理 Treatment	PC1（F₁）	PC2（F₂）	综合得分（F） Composite score	得分排名 Ranking
CK	-1.26081	0.00682	-0.893811	5
TB	0.75686	1.09501	0.742128	2
TC	-0.38553	0.86549	-0.111818	3
TE	1.24888	-0.74213	0.747809	1
TF	-0.3594	-1.22518	-0.484306	4

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