柔性可穿戴叶片湿度传感器研制及其在甜瓜生理监测中的应用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0586

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）为试材，利用传感器对其不同胁迫下的叶片水分状态进行原位无损监测。基于激光诱导石墨烯技术，研制了一种用于甜瓜蒸腾作用原位监测的柔性可穿戴叶片湿度传感器。通过在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面雕刻叉指电极，并用氧化石墨烯修饰电极表面，优化得到最佳传感器参数（7对叉指，宽度350 μm，间距100 μm）。性能测试表明：该传感器在电容和阻抗模式下均具有高灵敏度（分别为2.4 nF/% RH和3.9 kΩ/% RH），且具有良好的抗温度、光照和弯曲干扰能力，20 d内稳定性良好（波动 < 5%）。应用试验显示：（1）传感器贴附10 d对甜瓜叶片健康无显著影响；（2）可有效识别温度、弱光、水分和盐胁迫等逆境胁迫下的甜瓜叶片状态；（3）在嫁接愈合期能区分嫁接苗的愈合状态差异；（4）传感器电容值与蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著相关（R² > 0.9）。

关键词: 可穿戴传感器, 叶片湿度, 激光诱导石墨烯, 蒸腾作用, 无损监测, 逆境生理, 甜瓜

Abstract:

Using melon（Cucumis melo L.）as experimental material，this study conducted in-situ non-destructive monitoring of leaf water status under different stress conditions using sensors. Based on laser-induced graphene technology，this study developed a flexible wearable leaf moisture sensor for in situ monitoring of melon transpiration. The sensor was fabricated by patterning interdigitated electrodes on polyimide film and modifying the electrode surface with graphene oxide；After optimization，the optimized parameters were selected（7 pairs of interdigitated electrodes，350 μm width，and 100 μm spacing）. Performance tests demonstrated that the sensor exhibited high sensitivity in both capacitance and impedance modes（2.4 nF/% RH and 3.9 kΩ/% RH，respectively），along with robust resistance to temperature，light，and bending interference，while maintaining excellent stability over 20 days（fluctuation < 5%）. Application tests revealed that：（1）sensor attachment for 10 days caused no significant impact on melon leaf health；（2）it effectively identified melon leaf status under abiotic stress conditions，including temperature，low light，water deficit，and salinity；（3）it differentiated healing progress of grafted seedlings during graft union monitoring；（4）sensor capacitance was strongly correlated with transpiration rate and stomatal conductance（R² > 0.9）.

Key words: wearable sensor, leaf humility, laser-induced graphene, transpiration, non-destructive inspection, stress physiology, melon

中图分类号:

S652

王英力, 张洪亮, 阿克拜尔江·卡德尔, 陈先圣, 别之龙, 黄远. 柔性可穿戴叶片湿度传感器研制及其在甜瓜生理监测中的应用[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2783-2896.

WANG Yingli, ZHANG Hongliang, AKEBAIERJIANG Kadeer, CHEN Xiansheng, BIE Zhilong, HUANG Yuan. Research on Flexible Wearable Leaf Humidity Sensor and Its Application in Melon Physiological Monitoring[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2783-2896.

图/表 10

图1 基于激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）的柔性湿度传感器制备示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the fabrication of a laser-induced graphene（LIG）based flexible humidity sensor

图2 柔性湿度传感器关键材料的物理表征 A：激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）叉指电极图；B：LIG的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图；C：传感器各组成部分的亲水性分析

Fig. 2 Physical characterization of key materials for flexible humidity sensors A：Laser-induced graphene（LIG）interdigitated electrode diagram；B：Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）image of LIG；C：Hydrophilicity analysis of each component of the sensor

图3 基于电容与阻抗模式的不同叉指间距传感器湿度响应

Fig. 3 Humidity response of sensors with different interdigital spacings based on capacitance and impedance modes

图4 基于电容与抗阻模式的传感器湿度响应特性

Fig. 4 Humidity response characteristics of sensors based on capacitance and impedance modes

图5 电容模式下传感器的环境稳定性测试 A：不同光照强度；B：不同温度；C：不同弯曲角度；D：20 d内不同湿度下的长期稳定性，下同

Fig. 5 Environmental stability test of sensors in capacitance mode A：Different light intensities；B：Different temperatures；C：Different bending angles；D：Long-term capacitance stability under different humidity levels over 20 days. The same below

图6 阻抗模式下传感器的环境稳定性测试

Fig. 6 Environmental stability test of sensors in impedance mode

图7 传感器贴附对甜瓜叶片生长的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of sensor attachment on the growth of melon leaves

图8 甜瓜叶片在不同胁迫下的电容响应 A：干旱胁迫；B：温度胁迫；C：盐（NaCl）胁迫下；D：光照胁迫。** P < 0.01。不同小写字母表示邓肯新复极差法达到显著水平（P < 0.05），下同

Fig. 8 Capacitance response of melon leaves under different stresses A：Drought stress；B：Temperature stress；C：Under salt（NaCl）stress；D：Light stress. ** P < 0.01. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 according to Duncan’s new multiple range test。The same below

图9 基于电容与叶面积指标的嫁接愈合过程监测

Fig. 9 Monitoring of the graft healing process based on capacitance and leaf area index

图10 传感器电容值与关键叶片气体交换参数的相关性

Fig. 10 Correlation between sensor capacitance values and key leaf gas exchange parameters

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