发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化和基因编辑研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0576

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 2807-2828.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0576

发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化和基因编辑研究进展

易木林¹, 刘乾¹, 乔徐², 龙忠双³, 付芳芳¹, 明美玲¹^,^*()

¹ 南京林业大学森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，林木遗传育种全国重点实验室，南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 210037
² 睢宁县润企投资有限公司，江苏徐州 221212
³ 国农果业（新疆）有限公司，新疆喀什 844900

收稿日期:2026-05-15 修回日期:2026-08-17 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-20
通讯作者:
*E-mail：mingmeiling@njfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(32301613); 中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741721); 农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0405601)

Research Progress on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Plant Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing

YI Mulin¹, LIU Qian¹, QIAO Xu², LONG Zhongshuang³, FU Fangfang¹, MING Meiling¹^,^*()

¹ State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources， State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding，Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China，Nanjing Forestry University， Nanjing 210037， China
² Runqi Capital Co.， Ltd.，Suining County，Xuzhou， Jiangsu 221212， China
³ Guonong Fruit Industry (Xinjiang) Co.， Ltd，Kashgar， Xinjiang 844900， China

Received:2026-05-15 Revised:2026-08-17 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-20
Contact:
*E-mail：mingmeiling@njfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）是一种革兰氏阴性土壤杆菌，通过其携带的Ri质粒中的rol基因可以诱导植物形成毛状根。由于毛状根培养具有成本低、生长速度快、遗传稳定等优点，发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化已成为基因功能研究的理想转化体系。本文中系统总结了发根农杆菌介导的毛状根诱导及遗传转化方法，包括非组织培养法和组织培养法，并深入讨论了不同条件下影响转化效率的因素。在非组织培养条件下植物种类、侵染材料、侵染方式、发根农杆菌类型、侵染液浓度以及侵染后处理条件等显著影响转化效率，而在组织培养条件下，共培养基类型、化学诱导剂则为关键调控因素。发根农杆菌介导的植物基因编辑效率同样受各方面因素的影响，包括菌株的选择、转化类型、基因编辑工具的设计等。文章中还综述了发根农杆菌介导的CRISPR/Cas9系统在植物基因功能研究和分子育种中的具体应用。

关键词: 发根农杆菌, 遗传转化, CRISPR/Cas9, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that induces the formation of hairy roots in plants through the rol genes located on its Ri plasmid. Due to the advantages of hairy root cultures，such as low cost，rapid growth rate，and genetic stability，A.rhizogenes-mediated plant genetic transformation has become an ideal system for gene function research. This article systematically summarizes the methods for hairy root induction and genetic transformation mediated by A. rhizogenes，including non-tissue culture and tissue culture approaches. It further delves into the factors influencing transformation efficiency under different conditions：Under non-tissue culture conditions，plant species，explant type，infection method，A. rhizogenes strain，bacterial concentration，and post-infection treatment conditions significantly impact transformation efficiency. Conversely，the type of co-culture medium and chemical inducers are key regulatory factors under tissue culture conditions. Various aspects，including strain selection，transformation methods，and genome editing tool design，similarly influence the efficiency of A. rhizogenes-mediated plant genome editing. The review also summarizes the specific applications of A. rhizogenes-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 systems in plant gene functional studies and molecular breeding.

Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, genetic transformation, CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing

中图分类号:

Q78基因工程(遗传工程)

易木林, 刘乾, 乔徐, 龙忠双, 付芳芳, 明美玲. 发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化和基因编辑研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2807-2828.

YI Mulin, LIU Qian, QIAO Xu, LONG Zhongshuang, FU Fangfang, MING Meiling. Research Progress on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Plant Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2807-2828.

图/表 6

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科 Family	物种 Species	菌株 Strains	OD₆₀₀	外植体 Explant	侵染方式 Infection method	侵染液Infec- tious liquid	预培时间 Pre- culture time	预培条件 Pre-culture conditions	AS/ （μmol · L^-1）	诱导率/% Induction efficiency	转化率/% Transfor-mation efficiency	参考文献 Reference
木本Woody plant
胡桃科 Jugland- aceae	薄壳山核桃Carya illinoinensis	K599	0.4 ~ 1.2	子叶期幼苗 Cotyledon- stage seedling	环割 Cincturing	MES	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	56.5	45.2	谢晓婷等,2022
樟科 Lauraceae	闽楠 Phoebe bournei	K599	0.8	幼苗 Seedling stage	注射 Injection	MES	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	87.5	70.6	吴梦洁等,2023
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae Juss	蓝莓 Vaccinium	K599	1.0	幼苗 Seedling stage	注射 Injection	WPM	4 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	96.15	29.75	邬婷婷等,2025
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	平邑甜茶 Malus hupehensis	K599	NA	3叶龄幼苗 Three-leaf- stage seedlings	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA	96	周雪婷等,2024
豆科Fabaceae	木豆 Cajanus cajan	K599	0.2 ~ 0.6	15 d 龄幼苗 Fifteen-day- seedlings	注射 Injection	MES	NA	光照高湿 High-humidity light treatment	100	NA	39	Meng et al.,2019
草本Herbaceous plant
豆科Fabaceae	菜用豌豆 Pisum sativum	AR1193	0.6 ~ 1.0	5、7、9 d 苗龄幼苗 Seedlings at 5，7 and 9 days after sowing	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	1 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	100	35.21	冯志娟等,2024
	箭筈豌豆 Vicia sativa	Ar.Qua1 K599	NA	种子萌发后 4 ~ 5 d幼苗 Four- to five-day-old seedlings	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	3 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA NA	35.4 33.3	梅错和刘志鹏,2020
	大豆 Glycine max	K599	NA	5日龄幼苗 Five-day-old seedlings	注射 Injection	蒸馏水 Disti- lled water	NA	高湿 High-humidity	NA	70 ~ 100	25 ~ 80	Kereszt et al.,2007
	菜豆 Phaseolus vulgaris	K599	NA	3日龄幼苗 Three-day- old seedlings	注射 Injection	无菌水 Sterile water	8 d	高湿 High-humidity	NA	70 ~ 90	75 ~ 90	Estrada- Navarrete et al.,2007
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	草莓 Fragaria ananassa	K599	1.0	匍匐茎 Stolon	注射 Injection	MES	3 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	500	50	100	Hao et al.,2026
十字花科Brassicaceae Burnett	不结球白菜 Brassica rapa	K599	0.6 ~ 1.0	5、30日龄幼苗 Five- and thirty-day- old seedlings	涂菌浸渍Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	12 h	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA	60	Wang et al.,2024
菊科 Asteraceae	叶用莴苣 Lactuca sativa	K599	0.8 ~ 1.0	幼苗 Seedling stage	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	100	40	屈阿艳等,2025
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae Juss	西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	K599	NA	子叶期幼苗 Cotyledon- stage seedling	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	12 h	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	90	100	王平勇等,2019
旋花科 Convolvulaceae Juss	甘薯 Ipomoea batatas	K599	1.0	15 d 块根的顶芽 Terminal buds of fifteen- day-old tuberous roots	涂菌浸渍Smearimm-ersion inoculation	菌液 Bacter- ial suspen- sion	0	NA	NA	41.7	64	Cao et al.,2023

科 Family	物种 Species	菌株 Strains	OD₆₀₀	外植体 Explant	侵染方式 Infection method	侵染液Infec- tious liquid	预培时间 Pre- culture time	预培条件 Pre-culture conditions	AS/ （μmol · L^-1）	诱导率/% Induction efficiency	转化率/% Transfor-mation efficiency	参考文献 Reference
木本Woody plant
胡桃科 Jugland- aceae	薄壳山核桃Carya illinoinensis	K599	0.4 ~ 1.2	子叶期幼苗 Cotyledon- stage seedling	环割 Cincturing	MES	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	56.5	45.2	谢晓婷等,2022
樟科 Lauraceae	闽楠 Phoebe bournei	K599	0.8	幼苗 Seedling stage	注射 Injection	MES	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	87.5	70.6	吴梦洁等,2023
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae Juss	蓝莓 Vaccinium	K599	1.0	幼苗 Seedling stage	注射 Injection	WPM	4 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	100	96.15	29.75	邬婷婷等,2025
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	平邑甜茶 Malus hupehensis	K599	NA	3叶龄幼苗 Three-leaf- stage seedlings	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA	96	周雪婷等,2024
豆科Fabaceae	木豆 Cajanus cajan	K599	0.2 ~ 0.6	15 d 龄幼苗 Fifteen-day- seedlings	注射 Injection	MES	NA	光照高湿 High-humidity light treatment	100	NA	39	Meng et al.,2019
草本Herbaceous plant
豆科Fabaceae	菜用豌豆 Pisum sativum	AR1193	0.6 ~ 1.0	5、7、9 d 苗龄幼苗 Seedlings at 5，7 and 9 days after sowing	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	1 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	100	35.21	冯志娟等,2024
	箭筈豌豆 Vicia sativa	Ar.Qua1 K599	NA	种子萌发后 4 ~ 5 d幼苗 Four- to five-day-old seedlings	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	3 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA NA	35.4 33.3	梅错和刘志鹏,2020
	大豆 Glycine max	K599	NA	5日龄幼苗 Five-day-old seedlings	注射 Injection	蒸馏水 Disti- lled water	NA	高湿 High-humidity	NA	70 ~ 100	25 ~ 80	Kereszt et al.,2007
	菜豆 Phaseolus vulgaris	K599	NA	3日龄幼苗 Three-day- old seedlings	注射 Injection	无菌水 Sterile water	8 d	高湿 High-humidity	NA	70 ~ 90	75 ~ 90	Estrada- Navarrete et al.,2007
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	草莓 Fragaria ananassa	K599	1.0	匍匐茎 Stolon	注射 Injection	MES	3 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	500	50	100	Hao et al.,2026
十字花科Brassicaceae Burnett	不结球白菜 Brassica rapa	K599	0.6 ~ 1.0	5、30日龄幼苗 Five- and thirty-day- old seedlings	涂菌浸渍Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	12 h	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	NA	60	Wang et al.,2024
菊科 Asteraceae	叶用莴苣 Lactuca sativa	K599	0.8 ~ 1.0	幼苗 Seedling stage	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	2 d	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	100	40	屈阿艳等,2025
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae Juss	西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	K599	NA	子叶期幼苗 Cotyledon- stage seedling	涂菌浸渍 Smearimm-ersion inoculation	NA	12 h	黑暗高湿 High-humidity dark treatment	NA	90	100	王平勇等,2019
旋花科 Convolvulaceae Juss	甘薯 Ipomoea batatas	K599	1.0	15 d 块根的顶芽 Terminal buds of fifteen- day-old tuberous roots	涂菌浸渍Smearimm-ersion inoculation	菌液 Bacter- ial suspen- sion	0	NA	NA	41.7	64	Cao et al.,2023

科 Family	物种 Species	菌株 Strains	OD₆₀₀	外植体 Explants	侵染方式 Infection method	侵染液 Infec- tious liquid	侵染时间/min Infec- tion time	共培时间/d Co- culture time	AS/ (μmol ·L^-1)	诱导率/% Induc- tion effici- ency	转化率/% Transformation efficiency	参考文献 Reference
木本Woody plant
豆科 Fabaceae	木豆 Cajanus cajan	LBA9402	0.6 ~ 0.8	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	2	75	NA	70.92	Jiao et al.,2020
芸香科 Rutaceae	柑橘 Citrus	ATCC43056	1.0	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	30	3	200	25 ~ 75	NA	Ramasamy et al.,2023
大戟科 Euphor- biaceae	铁海棠 Euphorbia milii	ArA4	0.4 ~ 0.8	花梗 Pedicel	浸泡 Immersion	MS	4 ~ 8	2 ~ 4	100	66.67	NA	孙茜等,2024
桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	巨尾桉 Eucalyptus grandis	MSU440	0.3	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	NA	30	3	NA	81.0	20.2	罗萍等,2022
杨柳科 Salicaceae	杨树 Populus	MSU440	NA	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	2	200	NA	80	Laffon et al.,2024
桑科 Moraceae	无花果 Ficus carica	A7	0.4 ~ 0.6	芽 Bud	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	3	100	86.66	NA	Amani et al.,2020
无患子科 Sapinda- ceae	荔枝 Litchi chinensis	MSU440	0.7	茎段 Stem segment	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	3	100	48	9.33	Qin et al.,2021
草本Herbaceous plant
豆科 Fabaceae	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	Ar1193	0.3 ~ 0.9	幼苗 Seedling	涂菌、浸泡 Smear inoculation or immersion	无抗TY Antibiotic-free TY	NA	7	NA	100	98.33	旦真措等,2024
	细茎柱花草 Stylosanthes gracilis	MSU440	0.3	无菌苗子叶 Sterile seedling cotyledon	浸泡 Immersion	无抗YEB Antibi-oticfree YEB	15	4	NA	88.3	34.72	赵兴坤等,2023
菊科 Astera- ceae	波斯菊Cosmos bipinnatus	R1601	0.8	胚轴 Hypocotyl	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	15	3	NA	79.08	NA	刘宁等,2023
菊科 Astera- ceae	菊花 Chrysanthemum	K599	0.5	叶片 Leaf	滴灌 Drip irrigation	NA	NA	NA	NA	88.0	NA	向太和等,2011
伞形科 Apiaceae	防风Saposhnikovia divaricata	K599	0.6 ~ 1.0	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	3	NA	NA	NA	西芸霏等,2023
伞形科 Apiaceae	阿魏属 Ferula	ATCC15834	1.0	胚 Embryo	浸泡 Immersion	1/4 MS	10	3	100	NA	32	Khazaei et al.,2019
葫芦科 Cucur- bitaceae	苦瓜 Momordica charantia	K599	0.6	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	MS	30	2	100	100	81.82	史志迪等,2025
藜科Chenopo- diaceae	菠菜 Spinacia oleracea	LBA9402	0.3	茎段 Stem segment	浸泡 Immersion	SH	5	2	100	16	NA	徐悦等,2019
唇形科 Lamiaceae	丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	K599	NA	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	5	2	NA	NA	NA	Tian et al.,2025
苋科 Amaran- thaceae	棉毛白花苋 Aerva lanata	MTCC532	0.6	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	1	NA	88.87	NA	Boobalan & Kamalanathan,2020
苋科 Amaran- thaceae	绿穗苋 Amaranthus hybridus	BVG	0.6	子叶 Cotyledon	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	3	100	46.7	55.8	Castellanos-Arévalo et al.,2020
石蒜科 Amarylli- daceae	大蒜 Allium sativum	ATCC15834	0.6	试管苗 In vitro plantlet	浸泡 Immersion	B 5	10	2	100	64.4	NA	Phuong et al.,2023
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	野草莓 Fragaria vesca	MSU440	0.7	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	4	100	84.41	71.43	Yan et al.,2023
千屈菜科 Lythraceae	千屈菜 Lythrum salicaria	A4	0.6 ~ 0.8	芽 Bud	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	2	100	65	NA	Ebrahimi et al.,2023
白花丹科 Plumbag- inaceae	白花丹 Plumbago zeylanica	MSU440	0.7 ~ 0.8	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	2	100	NA	69.33	Beigmohamadi et al.,2020
十字花科 Brassi- caceae	萝卜 Raphanus sativus	R1000	0.6	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	15	3	75	90.0	NA	Muthusamy & Shanmugam,2020
姜科 Zingibera- ceae	温郁金 Curcuma wenyujin	K599	0.1	叶片、茎、块根、根茎段Leaf，stem，tuberous root，rhizome explant	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	2 ~ 3	111	0 ~ 75	NA	徐正贤等,2021
藤本Climbing plant
猕猴桃科 Actinidia- ceae	猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	K599	0.5	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	1	3	50	NA	66.8	Liu et al.,2024
大戟科 Euphor- biaceae	星油藤 Plukenetia volubilis	K599	0.4 ~ 0.6	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/3 MS	15	3	NA	NA	37.11	林凯等,2023
芸香科 Rutaceae	蚬壳花椒 Zanthoxylum dissitum	C58C1	0.5 ~ 0.7	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	3	100	41.7	NA	陈新玲等,2023
葡萄科 Vitaceae	三叶青 Tetrastigma hemsleyanum	K599	0.1	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	菌液 Bacterial suspen-sion	8 ~ 10	3 d	138	93.8	NA	Du et al.,2015

科 Family	物种 Species	菌株 Strains	OD₆₀₀	外植体 Explants	侵染方式 Infection method	侵染液 Infec- tious liquid	侵染时间/min Infec- tion time	共培时间/d Co- culture time	AS/ (μmol ·L^-1)	诱导率/% Induc- tion effici- ency	转化率/% Transformation efficiency	参考文献 Reference
木本Woody plant
豆科 Fabaceae	木豆 Cajanus cajan	LBA9402	0.6 ~ 0.8	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	2	75	NA	70.92	Jiao et al.,2020
芸香科 Rutaceae	柑橘 Citrus	ATCC43056	1.0	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	30	3	200	25 ~ 75	NA	Ramasamy et al.,2023
大戟科 Euphor- biaceae	铁海棠 Euphorbia milii	ArA4	0.4 ~ 0.8	花梗 Pedicel	浸泡 Immersion	MS	4 ~ 8	2 ~ 4	100	66.67	NA	孙茜等,2024
桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	巨尾桉 Eucalyptus grandis	MSU440	0.3	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	NA	30	3	NA	81.0	20.2	罗萍等,2022
杨柳科 Salicaceae	杨树 Populus	MSU440	NA	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	2	200	NA	80	Laffon et al.,2024
桑科 Moraceae	无花果 Ficus carica	A7	0.4 ~ 0.6	芽 Bud	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	3	100	86.66	NA	Amani et al.,2020
无患子科 Sapinda- ceae	荔枝 Litchi chinensis	MSU440	0.7	茎段 Stem segment	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	3	100	48	9.33	Qin et al.,2021
草本Herbaceous plant
豆科 Fabaceae	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	Ar1193	0.3 ~ 0.9	幼苗 Seedling	涂菌、浸泡 Smear inoculation or immersion	无抗TY Antibiotic-free TY	NA	7	NA	100	98.33	旦真措等,2024
	细茎柱花草 Stylosanthes gracilis	MSU440	0.3	无菌苗子叶 Sterile seedling cotyledon	浸泡 Immersion	无抗YEB Antibi-oticfree YEB	15	4	NA	88.3	34.72	赵兴坤等,2023
菊科 Astera- ceae	波斯菊Cosmos bipinnatus	R1601	0.8	胚轴 Hypocotyl	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	15	3	NA	79.08	NA	刘宁等,2023
菊科 Astera- ceae	菊花 Chrysanthemum	K599	0.5	叶片 Leaf	滴灌 Drip irrigation	NA	NA	NA	NA	88.0	NA	向太和等,2011
伞形科 Apiaceae	防风Saposhnikovia divaricata	K599	0.6 ~ 1.0	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	3	NA	NA	NA	西芸霏等,2023
伞形科 Apiaceae	阿魏属 Ferula	ATCC15834	1.0	胚 Embryo	浸泡 Immersion	1/4 MS	10	3	100	NA	32	Khazaei et al.,2019
葫芦科 Cucur- bitaceae	苦瓜 Momordica charantia	K599	0.6	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	MS	30	2	100	100	81.82	史志迪等,2025
藜科Chenopo- diaceae	菠菜 Spinacia oleracea	LBA9402	0.3	茎段 Stem segment	浸泡 Immersion	SH	5	2	100	16	NA	徐悦等,2019
唇形科 Lamiaceae	丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	K599	NA	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	5	2	NA	NA	NA	Tian et al.,2025
苋科 Amaran- thaceae	棉毛白花苋 Aerva lanata	MTCC532	0.6	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	1	NA	88.87	NA	Boobalan & Kamalanathan,2020
苋科 Amaran- thaceae	绿穗苋 Amaranthus hybridus	BVG	0.6	子叶 Cotyledon	浸泡 Immersion	MS	20	3	100	46.7	55.8	Castellanos-Arévalo et al.,2020
石蒜科 Amarylli- daceae	大蒜 Allium sativum	ATCC15834	0.6	试管苗 In vitro plantlet	浸泡 Immersion	B 5	10	2	100	64.4	NA	Phuong et al.,2023
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	野草莓 Fragaria vesca	MSU440	0.7	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	4	100	84.41	71.43	Yan et al.,2023
千屈菜科 Lythraceae	千屈菜 Lythrum salicaria	A4	0.6 ~ 0.8	芽 Bud	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	2	100	65	NA	Ebrahimi et al.,2023
白花丹科 Plumbag- inaceae	白花丹 Plumbago zeylanica	MSU440	0.7 ~ 0.8	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	10	2	100	NA	69.33	Beigmohamadi et al.,2020
十字花科 Brassi- caceae	萝卜 Raphanus sativus	R1000	0.6	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	15	3	75	90.0	NA	Muthusamy & Shanmugam,2020
姜科 Zingibera- ceae	温郁金 Curcuma wenyujin	K599	0.1	叶片、茎、块根、根茎段Leaf，stem，tuberous root，rhizome explant	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	2 ~ 3	111	0 ~ 75	NA	徐正贤等,2021
藤本Climbing plant
猕猴桃科 Actinidia- ceae	猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	K599	0.5	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	1/2 MS	1	3	50	NA	66.8	Liu et al.,2024
大戟科 Euphor- biaceae	星油藤 Plukenetia volubilis	K599	0.4 ~ 0.6	幼苗 Seedling	浸泡 Immersion	1/3 MS	15	3	NA	NA	37.11	林凯等,2023
芸香科 Rutaceae	蚬壳花椒 Zanthoxylum dissitum	C58C1	0.5 ~ 0.7	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	MS	10	3	100	41.7	NA	陈新玲等,2023
葡萄科 Vitaceae	三叶青 Tetrastigma hemsleyanum	K599	0.1	叶片 Leaf	浸泡 Immersion	菌液 Bacterial suspen-sion	8 ~ 10	3 d	138	93.8	NA	Du et al.,2015

物种 Species	菌株 Strains	转化方式 Transfor- mation method	荧光标记 Fluore- scent mark	启动子Promoter	编辑部位Edito- rial depart-ment	编辑率/% Editing efficiency	再生优化技术 Regeneration technology	获得植株Whether the edited plants have been obtained	再生率/% Regenera- tion efficiency	参考文献 Reference
猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	K599	组培 Tissue culture	eGFP、GUS	U6、CaMV35S	毛状根 Hairy root	50 ~ 55	去除根尖、培养基中加入细胞分裂素和生长素Removal of the root tip，and supplementation of the culture medium with cytokinin and auxin	是 Yes	10 ~ 37	Li et al.,2024
蒲公英 Taraxacum	K599	组培 Tissue culture	未使用 Unused	AtU6	毛状根 Hairy root	39.4 ~ 88.9	毛状根再生无需外源植物激素 Hairy root regeneration does not require exogenous plant growth regulators	是 Yes	NA	Iaffaldano et al.,2016
黄麻 Corchorus capsularis	K599	组培 Tissue culture	eGFP、DsRed2	GhU6、Ubi	毛状根 Hairy root	38.5 ~ 50.0	添加生长素 Supplementation with auxin	否 No	NA	Jiang et al.,2024
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	eGFP	AtU6、CaMV35S	毛状根 Hairy root	73.94	添加细胞分裂素和生长素Supplementation with cytokinin and auxin	否 No	NA	Zhao et al.,2025
丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza	K599	组培 Tissue culture	DsRed	35S	毛状根 Hairy root	71.07	NA	否 No	NA	Tian et al.,2025
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	MSU440	组培 Tissue culture	GUS	U6/7SL、CaMV35S、FMV	毛状根 Hairy root	64 ~ 98	添加玉米素核苷，生长素和赤霉素 Supplementation with zeatin riboside，auxin，and gibberellin	是 Yes	14 ~ 100	Butler et al.,2020
菊苣 Cichorium intybus	15834	组培 Tissue culture	GUS	CIU6	毛状根 Hairy root	31.25	添加玉米素核苷，生长素和赤霉素 Supplementation with zeatin riboside，auxin，and gibberellin	是 Yes	NA	Bernard et al.,2019
棉花 Gossypium	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	未使用 Unused	AtU6、CaMV35S	毛状根 Hairy root	40 ~ 50	NA	否 No	NA	Zhou et al.,2022
大豆 Glycine max	K599	组培 Tissue culture	GUS	U6、CaMV35S	毛状根 Hairy root	0 ~ 72	添加细胞分裂素和赤霉素 Supplementation with cytokinin and gibberellin	否 No	NA	Cheng et al.,2021
白羽扇豆 Lupinus albus	K599	组培 Tissue culture	未使用 Unused	LaU3、LaU6、LaUBQ12	毛状根 Hairy root	6.25 ~ 92.31	NA	否 No	NA	Zhu et al.,2023
白杨 Populus	Ar.Qua1	组培 Tissue culture	tdTomato-ER	pAtU6-26、pAtU6-29、pAtact2	毛状根 Hairy root	12.5 ~ 95.5	NA	否 No	NA	Triozzi et al.,2021

发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化和基因编辑研究进展

Research Progress on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Plant Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing

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基因功能 Gene function	物种 Species	菌株 Strain	转化方式 Transformation method	靶基因 Target gene	性状 Trait	性状分析部位Phenotype analysis tissue	CRISPR/Cas系统 CRISPR/Cas systems	编辑效率/% Editing efficiency	参考文献 Reference
次生代谢解析 Analysis of secondary metabolism	白菜 Brassica rapa	K599	组培 Tissue culture	PDS-2	敲除PDS基因破坏类胡萝卜素合成使植株白化 Knockout of the PDS gene disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis，resulting in plant albinism	完整植株 Whole plant	CRISPR/Cas9	70 ~ 100	Wang et al.,2025
	茶树 Camellia sinensis	K599、 ATCC15834	非组培 Non-tissue culture	CsMYB73	敲除CsMYB73基因提高茶树中茶氨酸的含量 Knockout of the CsMYB73 gene increases theanine content in tea plants	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Ma et al.,2023
	甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	GuUGT1	敲除GuUGT1基因后甘草素含量下降。 Knockout of the GuUGT1 gene resulted in a decrease in glycyrrhizin content	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	39	Cao et al.,2025
	丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza	ACCC10060、Ar.Qual	组培 Tissue culture	HPPD	敲除HPPD基因有效增加迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B代谢物含量。 Knockout of the HPPD gene effectively increases the levels of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B metabolites	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	50 ~ 100	胡贝,2022
共生固氮解析 Analysis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation	大豆 Glycine max	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	Rfg1	敲除Rfg1基因后大豆能够形成成熟的固氮根瘤 Knockout of the Rfg1 gene enables soybean to form mature nitrogen-fixing nodules	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Fan et al.,2020
	大豆 Glycine max	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	GmRR11d	敲除GmRR11d基因后结瘤数量显著增加 Knockout of the GmRR11d gene resulted in a significant increase in nodule number	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Chen et al.,2022
	大豆 Glycine max	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	GmYSL7	敲除GmYSL7基因使GmbHLH300的表达量提高，进而降低根瘤数量。 Knockout of the GmYSL7 gene increased the expression level of GmbHLH300，which in turn reduced nodule number	完整植株 Whole plant	CRISPR/Cas9	9.5	Wu et al.,2023
非生物胁迫响应解析 Analysis of abiotic stress responses	大豆 Glycine max	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	GmHdz4	敲除GmHdz4基因降低植株的抗旱性。 Knockout of the GmHdz4 gene reduces drought tolerance in plants	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Zhong et al.,2022
	三叶青 Tetrastigma hemsleyanum	Ar.Qual	组培 Tissue culture	ThMYB14	敲除ThMYB14基因降低类黄酮的积累，进而降低植株的耐水淹能力 Knockout of the ThMYB14 gene reduces flavonoid accumulation, thereby decreasing waterlogging tolerance in plants	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Jiang et al.,2025
	大豆 Glycine max	K599	非组培 Non-tissue culture	GmZAT10-1	敲除GmZAT10-1基因降低植株的耐盐性 Knockout of the GmZAT10-1 gene reduces salt tolerance in plants	毛状根 Hairy root	CRISPR/Cas9	NA	Zhang et al.,2025

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发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化和基因编辑研究进展

Research Progress on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Plant Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing

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