多倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率关键因素探究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0118

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 671-682.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0118

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

多倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率关键因素探究

陈曦¹^,^*, 温雪¹^,^*, 张雅楠¹, 王勇², 李玉玲², 孙峰², 赵艳卓³, 牛早柱³, 徐炎¹^,^**(), 刘国甜¹^,^**()

¹ 西北农林科技大学园艺学院作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，农业农村部西北园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 新疆维吾尔自治区设施农业和特色农业研究发展中心，新疆鄯善 838200
³ 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所，石家庄 050061

收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-20
通讯作者:
** E-mail：E-mail：yan.xu@nwsuaf.edu.cn，
gtliu@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:
^* 共同第一作者
基金资助:
中央引导地方专项区域科技创新体系建设项目(2025ZY-QYCXYL-05); 现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-29-yc-3)

Investigation of the Key Factors Influencing the Embryo Rescue Breeding Efficiency of Polyploid Grapes

CHEN Xi¹, WEN Xue¹, ZHANG Yanan¹, WANG Yong², LI Yuling², SUN Feng², ZHAO Yanzhuo³, NIU Zaozhu³, XU Yan¹^,^**(), LIU Guotian¹^,^**()

¹ Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production，College of Horticulture，Northwest A & F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
² Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research and Development Center for Facility Agriculture and Specialty Agricultur，Shanshan，Xinjiang 838200，China
³ Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050061，China

Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-11-19 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过选配11个葡萄杂交组合，探究不同亲本基因型、胚发育培养基中不同玉米素（zeatin，ZT）浓度和不同类型畸形苗的转化对多倍体葡萄胚挽救效率的影响。结果表明：在胚珠发育阶段，添加0.5 mg · L^-1 ZT时，杂交组合红宝石无核 × 蜜光的胚发育率（58.89%）和成苗率（22.22%）最高；胚萌发试验中，9个杂交组合的畸形苗发生比例（40.04% ~ 80.04%）均显著高于正常苗，其中子叶白化和多子叶畸形苗类型占比最高，分别为25.29%和24.13%；对不同畸形苗转化培养后，单子叶和多子叶畸形苗转化效率最显著，分别为52.79%和50.13%，子叶筒状畸形苗则不能转化为正常苗，最终11个杂交组合共获得489株杂种植株；筛选出‘红宝石无核’‘火州翠玉’‘底莱特’适宜作母本材料，‘蜜光’和‘大粒玫瑰香’适宜作父本材料。表明通过优化胚挽救技术和畸形苗转化策略，可有效提高三倍体葡萄胚挽救效率和成苗率。

关键词: 葡萄, 三倍体, 胚挽救, 畸形苗

Abstract:

The effects of different parental genotypes，varying concentrations of ZT（Zeatin）in embryo development media，and the conversion of different types of abnormal seedlings on the efficiency of triploid embryo rescue were investigated. Eleven hybrid combinations were selected. The results showed that during the ovule development stage，the addition of 0.5 mg · L^-1 ZT resulted in the highest embryo development rate of 58.89% and the highest seedling formation rate of 22.22% in the cross combination Ruby Seedless × Miguang，in terms of embryo germination，the proportion of abnormal seedlings was significantly higher than that of normal seedlings in nine cross combinations，with abnormal seedlings accounting for 40.04% to 80.04%. Among these，cotyledon albinism and polycotyledon abnormalities were the most prevalent，accounting for 25.29% and 24.13%，respectively. After conversion culture of different types of abnormal seedlings，the conversion efficiency was most significant for monocotyledon and polycotyledon abnormalities，at 52.79% and 50.13%，respectively，while tubular cotyledon abnormalities could not be converted into normal seedlings. Ultimately，489 hybrid plants were obtained from the 11 cross combinations，with Ruby Seedless，Huozhou Cuiyu，and Delight identified as suitable maternal materials，Miguang and Dali Meiguixiang as suitable paternal materials. By optimizing embryo rescue techniques and abnormal seedling conversion strategies，the efficiency of triploid grape embryo rescue and seedling formation rates can be effectively improved.

Key words: grape, triploid, embryo rescue, abnormal seedlings

陈曦, 温雪, 张雅楠, 王勇, 李玉玲, 孙峰, 赵艳卓, 牛早柱, 徐炎, 刘国甜. 多倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率关键因素探究[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(3): 671-682.

CHEN Xi, WEN Xue, ZHANG Yanan, WANG Yong, LI Yuling, SUN Feng, ZHAO Yanzhuo, NIU Zaozhu, XU Yan, LIU Guotian. Investigation of the Key Factors Influencing the Embryo Rescue Breeding Efficiency of Polyploid Grapes[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 671-682.

图/表 8

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杂交组合 Cross-combinations	母本特性 Female characteristics	父本特性 Male characteristics
火州黑玉 × 沈农香丰 Huozhou Heiyu × Shennong Xiangfeng	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火州黑玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Heiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，cented，tetraploid
底莱特 × 蜜光 Delight × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
底莱特 × 大粒玫瑰香 Delight × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
红宝石 × 大粒玫瑰香 Ruby Seedless × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
红宝石 × 蜜光 Ruby Seedless × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火焰无核 × 蜜光 Flame Seedless × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火州翠玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Cuiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
蜜光 × 底莱特 Miguang × Delight	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid
蜜光 × 丽红宝 Miguang × Lihongbao	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid
蜜光 × 莫丽莎 Miguang × Melissa Seedless	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid

杂交组合 Cross-combinations	母本特性 Female characteristics	父本特性 Male characteristics
火州黑玉 × 沈农香丰 Huozhou Heiyu × Shennong Xiangfeng	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火州黑玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Heiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，cented，tetraploid
底莱特 × 蜜光 Delight × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
底莱特 × 大粒玫瑰香 Delight × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
红宝石 × 大粒玫瑰香 Ruby Seedless × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	少核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Few-seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
红宝石 × 蜜光 Ruby Seedless × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火焰无核 × 蜜光 Flame Seedless × Miguang	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
火州翠玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Cuiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid
蜜光 × 底莱特 Miguang × Delight	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，二倍体 Seedless，diploid
蜜光 × 丽红宝 Miguang × Lihongbao	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid
蜜光 × 莫丽莎 Miguang × Melissa Seedless	有核，玫瑰香味，四倍体 Seeded，rose-scented，tetraploid	无核，玫瑰香味，二倍体 Seedless，rose-scented，diploid

杂交组合 Cross-combinations	胚发育数 No. of embryos developed	萌发胚占比/% Per. of germinated embryos		未萌发胚占比/% Per. of non-germinated embryos
杂交组合 Cross-combinations	胚发育数 No. of embryos developed	正常苗 Normal seedlings	畸形苗 Abnormal seedlings	未萌发胚占比/% Per. of non-germinated embryos
火州黑玉 × 沈农香丰 Huozhou Heiyu × Shennong Xiangfeng	78	17.95 ± 1.28 c	44.87 ± 1.28 a	37.18 ± 1.28 b
火州黑玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Heiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	151	33.11 ± 0.59 b	40.39 ± 0.39 a	26.48 ± 0.48 c
底莱特 × 蜜光 Delight × Miguang	41	19.41 ± 2.01 c	43.96 ± 1.10 a	36.63 ± 0.92 b
底莱特 × 大粒玫瑰香Delight × Dali Meiguixiang	75	29.33 ± 1.33 b	46.67 ± 1.33 a	24.00 ± 2.31 b
红宝石 × 大粒玫瑰香 Ruby Seedless × Dali Meiguixiang	203	37.42 ± 2.86 b	49.73 ± 2.86 a	12.80 ± 0.94 c
红宝石 × 蜜光 Ruby Seedless × Miguang	170	28.24 ± 1.03 b	46.47 ± 0.51 a	25.29 ± 0.53 b
火焰无核 × 蜜光 Flame Seedless × Miguang	75	24.03 ± 0.56 c	40.04 ± 0.93 a	36.04 ± 0.83 b
火州翠玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Cuiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	205	31.71 ± 0.43 b	55.61 ± 0.62 a	12.69 ± 0.55 c
蜜光 ×底莱特 Miguang × Delight	40	19.96 ± 2.01 b	80.04 ±2.34 a	0 c
蜜光 × 丽红宝 Miguang × Lihongbao	9	22.22 ± 11.11 b	77.78 ± 11.11 a	0 c
蜜光 × 莫丽莎 Miguang × Melissa Seedless	9	22.22 ± 11.11 b	77.78 ± 11.11 a	0 c

杂交组合 Cross-combinations	胚发育数 No. of embryos developed	萌发胚占比/% Per. of germinated embryos		未萌发胚占比/% Per. of non-germinated embryos
杂交组合 Cross-combinations	胚发育数 No. of embryos developed	正常苗 Normal seedlings	畸形苗 Abnormal seedlings	未萌发胚占比/% Per. of non-germinated embryos
火州黑玉 × 沈农香丰 Huozhou Heiyu × Shennong Xiangfeng	78	17.95 ± 1.28 c	44.87 ± 1.28 a	37.18 ± 1.28 b
火州黑玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Heiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	151	33.11 ± 0.59 b	40.39 ± 0.39 a	26.48 ± 0.48 c
底莱特 × 蜜光 Delight × Miguang	41	19.41 ± 2.01 c	43.96 ± 1.10 a	36.63 ± 0.92 b
底莱特 × 大粒玫瑰香Delight × Dali Meiguixiang	75	29.33 ± 1.33 b	46.67 ± 1.33 a	24.00 ± 2.31 b
红宝石 × 大粒玫瑰香 Ruby Seedless × Dali Meiguixiang	203	37.42 ± 2.86 b	49.73 ± 2.86 a	12.80 ± 0.94 c
红宝石 × 蜜光 Ruby Seedless × Miguang	170	28.24 ± 1.03 b	46.47 ± 0.51 a	25.29 ± 0.53 b
火焰无核 × 蜜光 Flame Seedless × Miguang	75	24.03 ± 0.56 c	40.04 ± 0.93 a	36.04 ± 0.83 b
火州翠玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Cuiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	205	31.71 ± 0.43 b	55.61 ± 0.62 a	12.69 ± 0.55 c
蜜光 ×底莱特 Miguang × Delight	40	19.96 ± 2.01 b	80.04 ±2.34 a	0 c
蜜光 × 丽红宝 Miguang × Lihongbao	9	22.22 ± 11.11 b	77.78 ± 11.11 a	0 c
蜜光 × 莫丽莎 Miguang × Melissa Seedless	9	22.22 ± 11.11 b	77.78 ± 11.11 a	0 c

畸形苗类型 Types of abnormal seedlings	畸形苗 Abnormal seedlings		转化正常苗数 Transformed normal seedlings
畸形苗类型 Types of abnormal seedlings	数量No.	占比/% Per.	数量 No.	占比/% Per.
单子叶畸形苗 Monocotyledonous abnormal seedling	84	16.22 ± 0.36 c	41	50.13 ± 3.10 a
多子叶畸形苗 Polycotyledonous abnormal seedling	125	24.13 ± 0.15 a	66	52.79 ± 1.04 a
子叶白化畸形苗 Cotyledon albinism abnormal seedling	131	25.29 ± 0.14 a	39	29.76 ± 1.13 b
有叶无根畸形苗 Leaf without root abnormal seedling	115	22.20 ± 0.18 b	15	13.02 ± 1.40 c
有根无叶畸形苗 Root without leaf abnormal seedling	21	4.05 ± 0.33 e	5	23.41 ± 3.53 b
子叶融合畸形苗 Cotyledon fusion abnormal seedling	39	7.53 ± 0.32 d	9	23.17 ± 1.03 b
子叶筒状畸形苗 Tubular cotyledon abnormal seedling	3	0.58 ± 0.00 f	0	0 d

多倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率关键因素探究

Investigation of the Key Factors Influencing the Embryo Rescue Breeding Efficiency of Polyploid Grapes

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杂交组合 Cross-combinations	果粒数 No. of berries	胚珠数 No. of ovules	胚发育数 Per. of developed embryos	胚发育率/% Per. of developed embryos	成苗总数 Total number of established seedlings	成苗率/% Per. of established seedlings
火州黑玉 × 沈农香丰 Huozhou Heiyu × Shennong Xiangfeng	256	312	78	25.00	25	8.97
火州黑玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Heiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	635	799	151	18.90	63	7.88
底莱特 × 蜜光 Delight × Miguang	215	160	41	25.63	18	11.25
底莱特 × 大粒玫瑰香 Delight × Dali Meiguixiang	315	231	75	32.47	34	14.72
红宝石 × 大粒玫瑰香 Ruby Seedless × Dali Meiguixiang	408	640	203	31.72	107	16.72
红宝石 × 蜜光 Ruby Seedless × Miguang	247	334	170	50.90	81	24.25
火焰无核 × 蜜光 Flame Seedless × Miguang	245	372	75	20.16	24	6.45
火州翠玉 × 大粒玫瑰香 Huozhou Cuiyu × Dali Meiguixiang	281	500	205	41.00	113	22.60
蜜光 × 底莱特 Miguang × Delight	181	217	40	18.43	13	5.99
蜜光 × 丽红宝 Miguang × Lihongbao	39	47	9	19.15	3	6.38
蜜光 × 莫丽莎 Miguang × Melissa Seedless	70	45	9	20.00	5	11.11
合计Total	2 892	3 657	1 056	29.09	489	13.37

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多倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率关键因素探究

Investigation of the Key Factors Influencing the Embryo Rescue Breeding Efficiency of Polyploid Grapes

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参考文献 37

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