盐碱处理对16个葡萄品种叶片形态、生理及胁迫信号相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0133

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在盐碱复合（NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + NaHCO₃，Na⁺总浓度为300 mmol · kg^-1）胁迫下，研究16个葡萄品种（包括新疆特色品种）叶片形态、生理及相关基因表达的变化。盐碱胁迫导致16个品种叶片出现不同程度的伤害症状，光合能力均下降，Na⁺、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均有不同程度的增加；提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性的提高。通过相关性、主成分、隶属函数和聚类分析对品种的耐盐碱性进行分级，‘和田红’‘木纳格’和‘里扎马特’为耐盐碱型；‘新郁’‘马奶子’‘维多利亚’‘喀什哈尔’‘克瑞森无核’‘紫香无核’‘蜜光’‘香妃’‘阳光玫瑰’‘巨峰’和‘弗雷无核’为中等耐盐碱型；‘甜蜜蓝宝石’和‘甬优1号’为盐碱敏感型品种。盐碱胁迫下，与胁迫信号相关的基因表达水平在耐盐碱品种中显著上调。

关键词: 葡萄, 品种, 盐碱胁迫, 形态变化, 生理反应, 基因表达量

Abstract:

The changes in leaf morphology，physiology，and related gene expression were investigated in 16 grape cultivars（including characteristic local cultivars of Xinjiang）under combined saline-alkali stress（NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + NaHCO₃，with a total Na⁺ concentration of 300 mmol · kg^-1）. Under saline-alkali stress，all 16 cultivars exhibited varying degrees of leaf injury and a consistent reduction in photosynthetic capacity；increases in the levels of Na⁺，malondialdehyde（MDA），proline，soluble proteins，and soluble sugar；and enhanced activities of the antioxidant enzymes，such as superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），and catalase（CAT）. Through integrated analyses，including correlation，principal component，membership function，and cluster analyses，the salt-alkali tolerance of the cultivars was classified：high saline-alkali tolerance（Hotan Red，Munage，Rizamat）；moderate saline-alkali tolerance （Xinyu，Manaizi，Victoria，Kashihare，Crimson Seedless，Zixiang Seedless，Miguang，Xiangfei，Shine Muscat，Kyoho，Flame Seedless）；and saline-alkali sensitive（Sweet Sapphire，Yongyou 1）. The expression levels of genes related to stress signaling were significantly up-regulated in the salt-alkali tolerant cultivars under saline-alkali stress.

Key words: grapevine, cultivar, saline-alkali stress, morphological changes, physiological responses, gene expression

朱春梅, 陈耀, 刘志宇, 赵宝龙, 孙军利. 盐碱处理对16个葡萄品种叶片形态、生理及胁迫信号相关基因表达的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(3): 653-670.

ZHU Chunmei, CHEN Yao, LIU Zhiyu, ZHAO Baolong, SUN Junli. Effects of Saline-Alkali Treatment on Leaf Morphology，Physiology and Expression of Genes Related to Stress Signal in 16 Grapevine Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 653-670.

图/表 12

参考文献 49

[1]	Alscher R G, Erturk N, Heath L S. 2002. Role of superoxide dismutases(SODs)in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53 (372):1331-1341. pmid: 11997379
[2]	Alzahrani O, Abouseadaa H, Abdelmoneim T K, Alshehri M A, El-Mogy M M, El-Beltagi H S. 2021. Agronomical,physiological and molecular evaluation reveals superior salt-tolerance in bread wheat through salt-induced priming approach. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,49:12310.
[3]	Bai Shijian, Hu Jinge, Li Chao, Cai Junshe, Wang Yong, Zhao Ronghua, Chen Guang. 2022a. Physiological response to complex saline-alkali and its tolerance capacity evaluation of grape rootstocks at seedling stage. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 59 (7):1666-1679. (in Chinese)
	白世践, 户金鸽, 李超, 蔡军社, 王勇, 赵荣华, 陈光. 2022a. 葡萄砧木苗期对混合盐碱的生理响应及耐盐碱性评价. 新疆农业科学, 59 (7):1666-1679.
[4]	Bai Shijian, Hu Jinge, Zheng Ming, Zhao Ronghua, Cai Junshe. 2022b. Physiological responses analysis of five grape rootstocks to complex salt-alkali stress. Non-wood Forest Research, 40 (2):112-124. (in Chinese)
	白世践, 户金鸽, 郑明, 赵荣华, 蔡军社. 2022b. 5个葡萄砧木品种对混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应分析. 经济林研究, 40 (2):112-124.
[5]	Bi C, Ma Y, Wu Z, Yu Y T, Liang S, Lu K, Wang X F. 2017. Arabidopsis ABI 5 plays a role in regulating ROS homeostasis by activating CATALASE 1 transcription in seed germination. Plant Molecular Biology, 94 (1-2):197-213. doi: 10.1007/s11103-017-0603-y URL
[6]	Chang H C, Tsai M C, Wu S S, Chang I F. 2019. Regulation of ABI5 expression by ABF3 during salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Botanical Studies,60:16.
[7]	Chen Liliang. 2022. Physiological response of different grape rootstocks to NaCl stress and screening of salt-tolerant rootstocks[M. D. Dissertation]. Shihezi: Shihezi University. (in Chinese)
	陈丽靓. 2022. 不同葡萄砧木对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及抗盐砧木的筛选[硕士论文]. 石河子: 石河子大学.
[8]	Dong B, Wang Q Q, Zhou D, Wang Y G, Miao Y F, Zhong S W, Fang Q, Yang L Y, Xiao Z, Zhao H B. 2024. Abiotic stress treatment reveals expansin like a gene OfEXLA1 improving salt and drought tolerance of Osmanthus fragrans by responding to abscisic acid. Horticultural Plant Journal, 10 (2):573-585. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2022.11.007 URL
[9]	Duan Jiuju, Guo Shirong, Kang Yunyan, Zhou Guoxian, Liu Xiang’e. 2009. Effects of exogenous spermidine on active oxygen scavenging system and bound polyamine contents in chloroplasts of cucumber under salt stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica,29:653-661. (in Chinese)
	段九菊, 郭世, 康云艳, 周国贤, 刘香娥. 2009. 外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.) 叶绿体活性氧清除系统和结合态多胺含量的影响. 生态学报,29:653-661.
[10]	Falhof J, Pedersen J T, Fuglsang A T, Palmgren M. 2016. Plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase regulation in the center of plant physiology. Molecular Plant,9:323-337.
[11]	Farhangi-Abriz S, Torabian S. 2017. Antioxidant enzyme and osmotic adjustment changes in bean seedlings as affected by biochar under salt stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,137:64-70.
[12]	Fu Qingqing, Sun Yongjiang, Zhaiheng, Du Yuanpeng. 2017. Effect of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics in grape rootstock of interspecific F₁ hybrids. Plant Physiology Journal, 53 (9):1640-1648. (in Chinese)
	付晴晴, 孙永江, 翟衡, 杜远鹏. 2017. 盐胁迫对葡萄种间杂交砧木F₁株系光合特性的影响. 植物生理学报, 53 (9):1640-1648.
[13]	Guo H, Huang Z, Li M, Hou Z. 2020. Growth,ionic homeostasis,and physiological responses of cotton under different salt and alkali stresses. Scientific Reports,10:21844.
[14]	Guo Jingnan, Liu Chonghuai, Feng Yibin, Fan Xiucai, Li Min. 2010. Outlining“The description and data standard for grape(Vitis)”and discussion on its use. Journal of Fruit Science,27:784-789,857. (in Chinese)
	郭景南, 刘崇怀, 冯义彬, 樊秀彩, 李民. 2010. 《葡萄种质资源描述规范和数据标准》概述及使用讨论. 果树学报,27:784-789,857.
[15]	Guo R, Yang Z, Li F, Yan C, Zhong X, Liu Q, Xia X, Li H, Zhao L. 2015. Comparative metabolic responses and adaptive strategies of wheat (Triticum aestivum)to salt and alkali stress. BMC Plant Biology,15:170.
[16]	He Y, Yang X, Xu C, Guo D, Niu L, Wang Y, Li J, Yan F, Wang Q. 2018. Overexpression of a novel transcriptional repressor GmMYB3a negatively regulates salt-alkali tolerance and stress-related genes in soybean. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,498:586-591.
[17]	Joseph E, Radhakrishnan V, Mohanan K. 2015. A study on the accumulation of proline an osmoprotectant amino acid under salt stress in some native rice cultivars of North Kerala,India. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research,3:15-22.
[18]	Li Hesheng. 2000. Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry experiments. Beijing: Higher Education Press. (in Chinese)
	李合生. 2000. 植物生理生化实验原理与技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社.
[19]	Li Kang, Lu Xu, Zhang Congcong, Yan Haokai, Wei Yun chun, Gong Meishuang, Li Sheng, Ma Shaoying. 2023. Physiological response and salt tolerance evaluation of different grapevine seedlings under salt stress. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 58 (5):130-140. (in Chinese)
	李康, 卢旭, 张聪聪, 闫浩凯, 魏云春, 公美双, 李胜, 马绍英. 2023. 盐胁迫下不同酿酒葡萄幼苗的生理响应及耐盐性评价. 甘肃农业大学学报, 58 (5):130-140.
[20]	Li Ling, Liu Hongguang, Aernaguli Aimaiti, Lin En. 2021. Effects of shaft drainage on soil salinity of newly reclaimed jujube fields in saline land of Xinjiang. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science), 39 (5):571-578. (in Chinese)
	李玲, 刘洪光,艾买提阿尔娜古丽,林恩. 2021. 竖井对新疆盐碱地新开垦枣田土壤盐分的影响. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 39 (5):571-578.
[21]	Li R, Shi F, Fukuda K, Yang Y. 2010. Effects of salt and alkali stresses on germination,growth,photosynthesis and ion accumulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition,56:725-733.
[22]	Li W, Niu Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z. 2022. Advances in the understanding of reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation on seed dormancy,germination,and deterioration in crops. Frontiers in Plant Science,13:826809.
[23]	Liu L, Bai X, Jiang Z. 2019. The generic technology identification of saline-alkali land management and improvement based on social network analysis. Cluster Computing,22:13167-13176.
[24]	Livak K J, Schmittgen T D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2^-ΔΔCT method. Methods,25:402-408.
[25]	Lotfi R, Kalaji H M, Valizadeh G R, Behrozyar E K, Hemati A, Gharavi-Kochebagh P, Ghassemi A. 2018. Effects of humic acid on photosynthetic efficiency of rapeseed plants growing under different watering conditions. Photosynthetica,56:962-970.
[26]	Lu Qianqian, Feng Jiaojiao, Wang Shuang, Gulizhati · Baoerhan, Chu Ren, Zhou Long. 2023. Effects of compound saline-alkali stress on physiological and biochemical indexes of table grapes. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 39 (1):62-70. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0002
	卢倩倩, 冯琳骄, 王爽,古力扎提 · 包尔汗,褚韧,周龙. 2023. 复合盐碱胁迫对鲜食葡萄生理生化指标的影响. 中国农学通报, 39 (1):62-70. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0002
[27]	Ma S, Lü L, Meng C, Zhou C, Fu J, Shen X, Zhang C, Li Y. 2019. Genome-wide analysis of abscisic acid biosynthesis,catabolism,and signaling in sorghum bicolor under saline-alkali stress. Biomolecules,9:823.
[28]	Munns R, Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology,59:651-681.
[29]	Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Alam M M, Fujita M. 2015. Roles of exogenous glutathione in antioxidant defense system and methylglyoxal detoxification during salt stress in mung bean. Biologia Plantarum,59:745-756.
[30]	Qin Hongyan. 2010. Research of the salt-tolerance evaluation on Vitis amurensis germplasm resources[M. D. Dissertation]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. (in Chinese)
	秦红艳. 2010. 山葡萄种质资源耐盐性评价研究[硕士论文]. 北京: 中国农业科学院.
[31]	Shabala S. 2013. Learning from halophytes:physiological basis and strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Annals of Botany,112:1209-1221.
[32]	Shao Y, Zhang X, van Nocker S, Gong X, Ma F. 2019. Overexpression of a protein kinase gene MpSnRK2.10 from Malus prunifolia confers tolerance to drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and apple. Gene,692:26-34.
[33]	Sun Donglei, Bian Nengfei, Chen Zhidei, Xing Xinghua, Xu Zejun, Qi Yunjun, Wang Xiaojun, Wang Xing. 2017. Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance and screening for salt tolerant accessions of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) at germination stage. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 18 (6):1079-1087. (in Chinese)
	孙东雷, 卞能飞, 陈志德, 邢兴华, 徐泽俊, 齐玉军, 王晓军, 王幸. 2017. 花生萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选. 植物遗传资源学报, 18 (6):1079-1087. doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.010
[34]	Sun J, He L, Li T. 2019. Response of seedling growth and physiology of Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench to saline-alkali stress. Public Library of Science ONE,14:e0220340.
[35]	Tanveer M, Shah A N. 2017. An insight into salt stress tolerance mechanisms of Chenopodium album. Environmental Science & Pollution Research International, 24 (19):16531-16535.
[36]	Tan wei, Li Xiaomei, Dong Zhigang, Tang Xiaoping. 2017. Comparative study on salt resistance of 21 wine grape varieties(lines). Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 45 (3):354-357,490. (in Chinese)
	谭伟, 李晓梅, 董志刚, 唐晓萍. 2017. 21个酿酒葡萄品种(系)耐盐性比较分析. 山西农业科学, 45 (3):354-357,490.
[37]	Wang H, Takano T, Liu S. 2018. Screening and evaluation of saline-alkaline tolerant germplasm of rice(Oryza sativa L.)in soda saline-alkali soil. Agronomy-Basel,8:205.
[38]	Wang Lianjun, Wang Ming, Feng Yucai. 2008. Effect of saline-alkali stress on photosynthesis characteristic of Vitis Amurensis Rupr. Northern Horticulture,(1):41-43. (in Chinese)
	王连君, 王铭, 冯玉才. 2008. 盐碱胁迫对山葡萄光合特性的影响. 北方园艺,(1):41-43.
[39]	Wang Ning, Wan Chang, Gao Shan, Yan Chengming, Li Zhonghe, Wang Junqiao, Ren Wei, Wang Zhifeng. 2024. Evaluation of salt tolerance of 80 introduced alfalfa varieties during germination. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 42 (2):17-25,52. (in Chinese)
	王宁, 万畅, 高山, 闫程铭, 李忠和, 王俊乔, 任伟, 王志锋. 2024. 80份紫花苜蓿引进品种萌发期耐盐性评价. 干旱地区农业研究, 42 (2):17-25,52.
[40]	Wang W B, Kim Y H, Lee H S, Kim K Y, Deng X P, Kwak S S. 2009. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47 (7):570-577. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.009 URL
[41]	Wu Y D, Wang Y, Fan X C, Zhang Y, Jiang J F, Sun L, Luo Q Q, Sun F, Liu C H. 2023. QTL mapping for berry shape based on a high-density genetic map constructed by whole-genome resequencing in grape. Horticultural Plant Journal, 9 (4):729-742. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2022.11.005 URL
[42]	Xiao Wenli, Wang Hanrui, Wang Mengliang, Wang Junhong. 2024. Mechanisms of plant response to saline-alkali stress:a review. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 40 (33):78-85. (in Chinese)
	肖雯丽, 王含瑞, 王梦亮, 王俊红. 2024. 盐碱胁迫下植物响应机制的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 40 (33):78-85. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0775
[43]	Xing Zhigan, Lei Xiangchao, Wang haochen, Feng Mingxin, Li Jingwen, Liu Yujia, Fang Yulin, Meng Jiangfei. 2025. Physiological response of Shine Muscat grape seedlings grafted with different rootstocks to combined stress of salt and low temperature. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 52 (3):693-704. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0021
	邢志淦, 雷向朝, 王浩臣, 冯铭鑫, 李靖雯, 刘羽佳, 房玉林, 孟江飞. 2025. 不同砧木‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄幼树对盐与低温复合胁迫的生理响应. 园艺学报, 52 (3):693-704. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0021
[44]	Yan H, Li Q, Park S C, Wang X, Liu Y J, Zhang Y G, Tang W, Kou M, Ma D F. 2016. Overexpression of CuZnSOD and APX enhance salt stress tolerance in sweet potato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,109:20-27.
[45]	Zeng Hong. 2016. The research of water on four kinds of plants such as Sedum yvesii,etc. and its applications in landscape[M. D. Dissertation]. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology. (in Chinese)
	曾红. 2016. 短蕊景天等4种植物的水分胁迫及园林应用研究[硕士论文]. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学.
[46]	Zhang H, Xu N, Wu X, Wang J, Ma S, Li X, Sun G. 2018. Effects of four types of sodium salt stress on plant growth and photosynthetic apparatus in sorghum leaves. Journal of Plant Interactions,13:506-513.
[47]	Zhang S, Zhao P, Zhou G, Cui P, Li F, Han Y, Wang Y. 2025. Nitrogen alleviates salt stress in maize:genotypic variations in ion balance,antioxidant response and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,229 (Pt B):110516.
[48]	Zhao Baolong, Liu Peng, Wang Wenjing, Sun Junli, Ma Haixin. 2015. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the AsA-GSH cycle in grape leaves under salt stress. Plant Physiology Journal, 51 (3):385-390. (in Chinese)
	赵宝龙, 刘鹏, 王文静, 孙军利, 马海新. 2015. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对盐胁迫下葡萄叶片中AsA-GSH循环的影响. 植物生理学报, 51 (3):385-390.
[49]	Zou Qi. 2000. Laboratory instruction in plant physiology. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. (in Chinese)
	邹琦. 2000. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京: 中国农业出版社.

种 Species	品种 Cultivar	亲本 Parent	来源 Origin
欧亚种 Vitis vinifera L.	和田红 Hotan Red	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	马奶子 Manaizi	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	木纳格 Munage	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	喀什哈尔 Kashihare	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire	未知 Unknown	美国 America
	新郁 Xinyu	E42-6（红地球实生）× 里扎马特E42-6（Red Earth natural cultivars）× Rizamat	新疆葡萄瓜果开发研究中心 Research Center of Xinjiang Grape，Melon and Fruit
	里扎马特 Rizamat	可口甘 × 帕尔肯特 Katta-Kurgan × Parkent	前苏联 The former Soviet Union
.	克瑞森无核 Crimson Seedless	皇帝 × C33-199 Emperor × C33-199	美国加州戴维斯农学院果树遗传和育种研究室 The Fruit Genetics and Breeding Research Laboratory of Davis Agricultural College in California，USA
	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	安芸津21号 × 白南 Akitsu 21 × Hakunan	日本农业食品产业技术综合研究机构 Japan Agricultural Food Industry Technology Comprehensive Research Institute
	弗雷无核 Flame Seedless	未知 Unknown	美国America
	香妃 Xiangfei	（玫瑰香 × 莎芭珍珠）× 绯红（Muscat Hamburg × Pearl of Csaba）× Cardinal	北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 Institute of Forestry and Pomology，Beiing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
	紫香无核 Zixiang Seedless	无核紫 × 玫瑰香Black Monukka × Muscat Hamburg	石河子葡萄研究所 Shihezi Grape Research Institute
	维多利亚 Victoria	绯红 × 保尔加尔 Cardinal × Bolgar	罗马尼亚德哥沙尼试验站 Romanian Degeresian Experimental Station
欧美种 Vitis × labruscana L.H. Bailey	巨峰 Kyoho	石原早生 × 森田尼 Ishihara Wase × Morita Nin	日本大井上康氏 Yasushi Oinue
欧美种 Vitis × labruscana L.H. Bailey	甬优1号 Yongyou 1	藤稔葡萄芽变 Fujiminori bud mutation	王岳鸣 Wang Yueming
欧美杂种 Vitis interspecific hybrids	蜜光 Miguang	巨峰 × 早黑宝 Kyoho × Zaoheibao	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Polomogy，Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

种 Species	品种 Cultivar	亲本 Parent	来源 Origin
欧亚种 Vitis vinifera L.	和田红 Hotan Red	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	马奶子 Manaizi	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	木纳格 Munage	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	喀什哈尔 Kashihare	未知 Unknown	新疆地方品种 Xinjiang native cultivar
	甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire	未知 Unknown	美国 America
	新郁 Xinyu	E42-6（红地球实生）× 里扎马特E42-6（Red Earth natural cultivars）× Rizamat	新疆葡萄瓜果开发研究中心 Research Center of Xinjiang Grape，Melon and Fruit
	里扎马特 Rizamat	可口甘 × 帕尔肯特 Katta-Kurgan × Parkent	前苏联 The former Soviet Union
.	克瑞森无核 Crimson Seedless	皇帝 × C33-199 Emperor × C33-199	美国加州戴维斯农学院果树遗传和育种研究室 The Fruit Genetics and Breeding Research Laboratory of Davis Agricultural College in California，USA
	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	安芸津21号 × 白南 Akitsu 21 × Hakunan	日本农业食品产业技术综合研究机构 Japan Agricultural Food Industry Technology Comprehensive Research Institute
	弗雷无核 Flame Seedless	未知 Unknown	美国America
	香妃 Xiangfei	（玫瑰香 × 莎芭珍珠）× 绯红（Muscat Hamburg × Pearl of Csaba）× Cardinal	北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 Institute of Forestry and Pomology，Beiing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
	紫香无核 Zixiang Seedless	无核紫 × 玫瑰香Black Monukka × Muscat Hamburg	石河子葡萄研究所 Shihezi Grape Research Institute
	维多利亚 Victoria	绯红 × 保尔加尔 Cardinal × Bolgar	罗马尼亚德哥沙尼试验站 Romanian Degeresian Experimental Station
欧美种 Vitis × labruscana L.H. Bailey	巨峰 Kyoho	石原早生 × 森田尼 Ishihara Wase × Morita Nin	日本大井上康氏 Yasushi Oinue
欧美种 Vitis × labruscana L.H. Bailey	甬优1号 Yongyou 1	藤稔葡萄芽变 Fujiminori bud mutation	王岳鸣 Wang Yueming
欧美杂种 Vitis interspecific hybrids	蜜光 Miguang	巨峰 × 早黑宝 Kyoho × Zaoheibao	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Polomogy，Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

基因Gene	引物序列（5′-3′）Primes sequences
VvSOD1	F：ATGGCTCTTCGAACGCTAAT；R：TCAAGGGCACTCTTTCTCAT
VvCAT2	F：ATGGATCCTTACAAGTATCGTC；R：TCAATACTTAGGCTTGACAT
VvABI5	F：ATGTTTCCTGTGTTCCCCAA；R：CTACATATTGGGAACTGG
VvSOD3	F：ATGGAGAAACCCTGTCAAATC；R：TTAGGCTATGGGGATTTTTGG
Actin	F：CTAATGGGGAGTGGGGAAGTA；R：GTCTGGATGGACAATGTTGAT

基因Gene	引物序列（5′-3′）Primes sequences
VvSOD1	F：ATGGCTCTTCGAACGCTAAT；R：TCAAGGGCACTCTTTCTCAT
VvCAT2	F：ATGGATCCTTACAAGTATCGTC；R：TCAATACTTAGGCTTGACAT
VvABI5	F：ATGTTTCCTGTGTTCCCCAA；R：CTACATATTGGGAACTGG
VvSOD3	F：ATGGAGAAACCCTGTCAAATC；R：TTAGGCTATGGGGATTTTTGG
Actin	F：CTAATGGGGAGTGGGGAAGTA；R：GTCTGGATGGACAATGTTGAT

指标 Indicator	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6
过氧化氢H₂O₂	-0.971	0.74	-0.19	0.145	0.083	-0.057
可溶性蛋白Soluble proteins	-0.971	0.74	-0.19	0.146	0.083	-0.058
净光合速率P_n	0.966	-0.042	-0.045	-0.072	-0.039	0.093
脯氨酸Proline	0.956	-0.059	-0.058	-0.115	0.125	-0.169
Chl.(a+b)	0.485	0.750	-0.033	-0.139	-0.158	0.380
叶绿素b Chl.b	0.105	0.603	-0.677	0.337	-0.006	-0.065
VvCAT2	0.544	-0.169	0.547	0.470	-0.263	0.085
VvABI5	0.581	-0.018	0.516	0.459	0.332	0.012
叶绿素a Chl.a	0.464	0.390	0.452	-0.393	-0.169	0.466
相对含水量RWC	0.499	-0.728	-0.075	0.068	-0.276	0.171
VvSOD1	0.721	0.167	0.012	0.363	0.433	0.112
特征值Eigenvalue	15.817	3.15	1.931	1.603	1.413	1.034
贡献率/% Contribution rate	58.580	11.668	7.153	5.938	5.233	3.830
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate	58.580	70.248	77.402	83.340	88.573	92.403