杂交F1代制干枣果实重要性状遗传变异分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0746

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究杂交F₁代制干枣果实重要性状的遗传变异规律，为制干枣品种选育提供理论依据。以‘雨虹’×‘交城5号’的83个F₁代株系及亲本为试材，对成熟期鲜果含水率、果实制干率、果实可食率及外观、质构参数、营养品质等14个指标进行测定和综合评价。结果表明，杂交后代果实制干率、可食率及鲜果含水率符合正态分布特征，为微效多基因控制的数量性状，制干率和可食率变异系数较高，为16.11%和7.70%，含水率变异系数最小，为2.05%，表现为趋中遗传。7个质构参数的变异系数在17.50% ~ 144.00%之间，呈现趋高遗传，其中粘附性分离比例接近于1︰1，推测为质量性状；硬度1、硬度2、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性、粘黏性均符合正态分布，推测为微效多基因控制的性状。果实大小变异系数范围13.31% ~ 35.60%，果实纵径、单果质量和果形指数呈趋中偏低遗传，果实横径呈现趋高遗传。果实糖酸性状遗传变异系数范围18.18% ~ 36.61%，糖酸比表现趋高遗传趋势，可溶性糖、可滴定酸为趋中遗传。以质构参数为依据对F₁代株系进行聚类分析，杂交后代群体聚为5个类群，其中Ⅱ类群（包括父本‘交城5号’，果实硬度较高，黏性较低）占比51.81%，表明F₁代制干果实口感多数偏向于父本。经灰色关联度分析初步筛选出了5个果实制干品质优良的株系。

关键词: 枣, 制干, 杂交后代, 遗传变异, 评价

Abstract:

To explore the genetic variation patterns of important traits in dried jujube fruit in the hybrid F₁ generation，and provide a theoretical basis for breeding dried jujube cultivars，an experiment was conducted using 83 F₁ lines and their parents，‘Yuhong’×‘Jiaocheng 5’. Fourteen traits，including the fresh fruit moisture content at maturity，fruit drying rate，edible rate，appearance，texture parameters，and nutritional quality，were measured and comprehensively evaluated. The results indicated that the fruit distribution，suggesting these are quantitative traits controlled by multiple minor genes. The coefficient of variation for the drying rate and edible rate was relatively high，at 16.11% and 7.70%，respectively，while the moisture content had the smallest variation coefficient at 2.05%，exhibiting a tendency for mid-range inheritance. The variation coefficients for seven texture parameters ranged from 17.50% to 144.00%，showing a trend towards high inheritance，with adhesiveness showing a nearly 1︰1 segregation ratio，suggesting it is a qualitative trait. Hardness 1，hardness 2，cohesiveness，elasticity，chewiness，and adhesiveness followed a normal distribution，indicating these traits are likely controlled by multiple minor genes. The variation coefficients for fruit size ranged from 13.31% to 35.60%，with fruit longitudinal diameter，single fruit weight and fruit shape index showing low inheritance，and fruit transverse diameter showing high inheritance. The variation coefficients for fruit sugar-acid traits ranged from 18.18% to 36.61%，with the sugar-acid ratio showing a trend toward high inheritance，soluble sugars and titratable acid showing mid-range inheritance. A cluster analysis based on texture parameters grouped the F₁ progeny into five clusters，with clusterⅡ（including the male parent‘Jiaocheng 5’，which has higher fruit hardness and lower adhesiveness）representing 51.81% of the population，indicating that the taste of the majority of the F₁ dried fruits leaned toward the parent. Through grey relational analysis，five superior lines for dried fruit quality were preliminarily selected.

Key words: jujube, dried fruit, hybrid progeny, genetic variation, evaluation

徐强, 马全会, 闫芬芬, 吴翠云, 王玖瑞, 刘孟军. 杂交F₁代制干枣果实重要性状遗传变异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1427-1440.

XU Qiang, MA Quanhui, YAN Fenfen, WU Cuiyun, WANG Jiurui, and LIU Mengjun. Genetic Variation and Analysis of Important Traits of Dried Fruits in F₁ Hybrid Jujube[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1427-1440.

图/表 16

参考文献 28

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性状 Trait	亲本Parents		F₁各性状的数量及比例 F₁ fruit traits segregation ratio
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	F₁各性状的数量及比例 F₁ fruit traits segregation ratio
果实颜色 Fruit color	红Red	红Red	橘红色Orang-red 6（7.23%）	红色Red 65（78.31%）	紫红色Amaranth 6（7.23%）	棕红色Brownish-red 6（7.23%）
皱缩程度 Shrinkage	中等General	饱满Full	饱满Full 7（8.43%）	中等General 58（69.88%）	皱缩Crumpling 18（21.69%）

性状 Trait	亲本Parents		F₁各性状的数量及比例 F₁ fruit traits segregation ratio
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	F₁各性状的数量及比例 F₁ fruit traits segregation ratio
果实颜色 Fruit color	红Red	红Red	橘红色Orang-red 6（7.23%）	红色Red 65（78.31%）	紫红色Amaranth 6（7.23%）	棕红色Brownish-red 6（7.23%）
皱缩程度 Shrinkage	中等General	饱满Full	饱满Full 7（8.43%）	中等General 58（69.88%）	皱缩Crumpling 18（21.69%）

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
可食率/% Edible rate	93.13	95.94	94.53	94.52 ± 2.01	2.05	-0.09	99.91	16.45	34.17
制干率/% Drying rate	49.64	50.57	50.10	51.20 ± 8.03	16.11	2.64	102.64	42.42	49.49
含水率/% Moisture rate	64.06	62.03	63.05	62.79 ± 4.84	7.70	-0.40	99.59	36.27	24.50

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
可食率/% Edible rate	93.13	95.94	94.53	94.52 ± 2.01	2.05	-0.09	99.91	16.45	34.17
制干率/% Drying rate	49.64	50.57	50.10	51.20 ± 8.03	16.11	2.64	102.64	42.42	49.49
含水率/% Moisture rate	64.06	62.03	63.05	62.79 ± 4.84	7.70	-0.40	99.59	36.27	24.50

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
硬度1/N Hardness 1	50.70	78.35	64.53	88.11 ± 28.91	32.82	36.54	136.54	64.29	13.09
硬度2/N Hardness 2	31.79	50.99	41.39	57.90 ± 19.37	33.46	39.89	139.89	64.28	11.90
内聚性Cohesiveness	0.19	0.22	0.21	0.24 ± 0.04	17.50	14.33	114.33	76.82	11.90
弹性/mm Springiness	1.47	1.62	1.54	1.87 ± 0.43	23.16	21.13	121.13	70.23	17.85
咀嚼性/（N · mm） Chewiness	14.03	29.29	21.66	43.70 ± 23.60	53.99	101.76	201.76	71.42	10.71
粘附性/（N · mm） Adhesiveness		0.08	0.28	0.75 ± 1.08	144.00	167.86	267.86	42.85	0.05
粘黏性/N Gumminess	9.80	17.40	13.67	21.58 ± 8.56	39.67	57.86	157.86	66.66	11.90

杂交F₁代制干枣果实重要性状遗传变异分析

Genetic Variation and Analysis of Important Traits of Dried Fruits in F₁ Hybrid Jujube

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性状 Trait	硬度1 Hardness 1	粘附性 Gumminess	硬度2 Hardness 2	内聚性 Cohesiveness	弹性 Springiness	Adhesiveness 粘黏性
硬度1 Hardness1
粘附性Gumminess	-0.238
硬度2 Hardness2	0.981^**	-0.221
内聚性Cohesiveness	0.439^**	-0.157	0.518^**
弹性Springiness	0.514^**	-0.066	0.548^**	0.647^**
粘黏性Adhesiveness	0.921^**	-0.235	0.951^**	0.713^**	0.645^**
咀嚼性Chewiness	0.841^**	-0.183	0.875^**	0.730^**	0.833^**	0.945^**

性状 Traits	单果质量 Single frut weight	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可滴定酸 Organic acid conten	可食率 Edible proportion	制干率 Drying rate	硬度 Hardness	果实口感 Fruit pulp texture
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	-0.008
可滴定酸 Organic acid conten	0.066	0.002
可食率Edible proportion	0.153^*	-0.083	-0.026
制干率Drying rate	-0.003	-0.089	0.042	-0.007
硬度1 Hardness 1	0.136	0.078	0.031	0.008	-0.072
果实口感 Fruit pulp texture	0.073	-0.025	-0.154	0.034	-0.060	0.426^**
皱缩程度 Degree of shrinkage	-0.033	0.090	-0.109	-0.055	-0.011	0.061	0.390^**

性状 Trait	J44	J93	J87	J254	J54
单果质量Single fruit mass	0.0739	0.0932	0.0900	0.0635	0.0826
可溶性糖Soluble sugar content	0.0894	0.0593	0.0706	0.0660	0.0999
可滴定酸Organic acid content	0.0866	0.0952	0.0709	0.0783	0.0895
可食率Edible rate	0.0731	0.0739	0.0887	0.0883	0.0907
制干率 Drying rate	0.0974	0.0657	0.0768	0.0985	0.0590
硬度1 Hardness 1	0.0852	0.0898	0.0748	0.0949	0.0494
口感Fruit pulp texture	0.8320	0.8320	0.8320	0.8320	0.8320
皱缩程度Degree of shrinkage	0.1205	0.1383	0.1383	0.1205	0.1383
加权关联度 Weighted correlation degree	0.7663	0.7557	0.7502	0.7501	0.7496
排序Rank	1	2	3	4	5

性状 Trait	J87	J44	J54	J254	J93
单果质量/g Single fruit mass	5.28	6.37	3.82	7.79	4.34
可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content	59.04	53.01	50.61	36.41	37.57
可滴定酸/% Organic acid content	1.07	0.95	0.93	1.07	0.72
可食率/% Edible rate	93.53	95.46	94.23	92.90	95.92
制干率/% Drying rate	50.12	55.36	65.23	50.57	61.04
硬度1/N Hardness 1	101.44	129.71	176.59	56.84	81.03
口感Fruit pulp texture	致密Compact	致密Compact	致密Compact	致密Compact	致密Compact
皱缩程度Degree of shrinkage	饱满 Full	中等 General	饱满 Full	中等 General	饱满 Full

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性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁ progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
果实纵径/mm Fruit length	31.57	38.68	35.13	33.85 ± 5.18	15.30	-3.63	96.37	13.63	35.22
果实横径/mm Fruit diameter	18.79	19.18	18.99	20.71 ± 2.76	13.31	9.08	109.08	66.30	25.00
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	4.82	7.43	6.13	5.59 ± 1.99	35.60	-8.73	91.27	12.28	35.96
果形指数Fruit shape index	1.67	2.01	1.84	1.67 ± 0.37	22.42	-9.33	90.67	15.90	53.40

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁ progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
果实纵径/mm Fruit length	31.57	38.68	35.13	33.85 ± 5.18	15.30	-3.63	96.37	13.63	35.22
果实横径/mm Fruit diameter	18.79	19.18	18.99	20.71 ± 2.76	13.31	9.08	109.08	66.30	25.00
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	4.82	7.43	6.13	5.59 ± 1.99	35.60	-8.73	91.27	12.28	35.96
果形指数Fruit shape index	1.67	2.01	1.84	1.67 ± 0.37	22.42	-9.33	90.67	15.90	53.40

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁ progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
可滴定酸含量/% Organic acid	1.05	0.95	1.00	0.99 ± 0.26	18.18	-1.00	55.00	40.24	48.78
可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar	66.45	45.92	56.18	55.16 ± 9.88	26.26	-1.82	176.00	14.63	17.07
糖酸比Sugar/acid	62.78	48.46	55.62	58.90 ± 21.58	36.61	6.00	106.00	37.80	31.70

性状 Trait	亲本Parents			F₁代群体F₁ progenies
性状 Trait	雨虹（♀） Yuhong	交城5号（♂） Jiaocheng 5	MP	Mean ± SD	CV/%	VMP/%	T_a/%	HH/%	LL/%
可滴定酸含量/% Organic acid	1.05	0.95	1.00	0.99 ± 0.26	18.18	-1.00	55.00	40.24	48.78
可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar	66.45	45.92	56.18	55.16 ± 9.88	26.26	-1.82	176.00	14.63	17.07
糖酸比Sugar/acid	62.78	48.46	55.62	58.90 ± 21.58	36.61	6.00	106.00	37.80	31.70