非生物胁迫下钾对番茄苗期生长发育的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0383

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1599-1618.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0383

非生物胁迫下钾对番茄苗期生长发育的影响

萧志浩¹, 郑涵锴¹, 张曼楠¹, 唐怀千¹, 王嘉颖¹, 张余洋¹^,², 张俊红¹^,², 叶志彪¹^,², 叶杰¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 华中农业大学园艺林学学院，果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
² 湖北洪山实验室，武汉 430070

收稿日期:2024-12-01 修回日期:2025-03-19 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-20
通讯作者:
*E-mail：yejie@mail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB153); 武汉市知识创新专项—曙光计划项目(2022020801020228); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF10030002); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662022YJ014); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662021YLQD003); 华中农业大学高层次人才启动经费项目(11042010004); 湖北洪山实验室重大项目(2021hszd007); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-23-A13)

Effects of Potassium on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Under Abiotic Stress

XIAO Zhihao¹, ZHENG Hankai¹, ZHANG Mannan¹, TANG Huaiqian¹, WANG Jiaying¹, ZHANG Yuyang¹^,², ZHANG Junhong¹^,², YE Zhibiao¹^,², and YE Jie¹^,²^,^*()

¹ National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops，College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
² Hubei Hongshan Laboratory，Wuhan 430070，China

Received:2024-12-01 Revised:2025-03-19 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以‘Ailsa Craig’番茄为试验材料，研究不同非生物胁迫下（低温、盐和干旱）施用含有不同浓度（1.5、6.0和9.0 mmol · L^-1）钾素的营养液对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明，非生物胁迫处理显著提高丙二醛（MDA）含量，显著降低株高、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、光合色素含量、根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和可溶性糖含量等指标。非生物胁迫处理下，株高和不同部位的鲜质量随外源钾浓度上升而有所上升，其中对株高的促进最为显著。对照组中光合色素含量均表现为中钾 > 高钾 > 低钾。非生物胁迫处理下，光合色素、可溶性糖含量和SOD活性随外源钾浓度上升而显著上升，根系活力提高，MDA含量降低。根据主成分分析和隶属函数分析的综合评价，在任一胁迫下各处理的生长发育情况由强到弱均为对照中钾 > 对照高钾 > 对照低钾 > 胁迫高钾 > 胁迫中钾 > 胁迫低钾。所有处理不同部位的钾含量均随外源钾浓度上升而显著上升。盐胁迫下，提高外源钾浓度有助于降低不同部位对Na⁺的吸收。在非生物胁迫处理下，K⁺吸收转运相关基因HAK5、LKT1和非生物胁迫响应相关基因NHX1、SOS1、SlMYB15、HY5、SlCBF1、SlCBF3、SlAREB1、SlNAC6的表达量总体上随外源钾浓度的增加而显著上升。综上，提高外源钾浓度能够缓解不同非生物胁迫对番茄苗期的伤害，有助于增强对非生物胁迫的适应能力，促进生长发育。

关键词: 番茄, 钾, 低温胁迫, 盐胁迫, 干旱胁迫, 生长发育

Abstract:

Using‘Ailsa Craig’tomato as experimental material，the effects of nutrient solution containing potassium of different concentrations（1.5，6.0 and 9.0 mmol · L^-1）on the growth and development of tomato seedlings under different abiotic stress（low temperature，salt and drought）were studied. The results showed that abiotic stress treatment significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde（MDA），and significantly decreased plant height，fresh weight of aboveground，fresh weight of underground part，photosynthetic pigment content，root activity，superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity and soluble sugar content. Under abiotic stress treatment，plant height and fresh weight of different parts increased with the increase of exogenous potassium concentration，and the promotion of plant height was the most significant. The content of photosynthetic pigment in the control group was medium potassium > high potassium > low potassium. Under abiotic stress，the content of photosynthetic pigment，soluble sugar and SOD activity increased significantly with the increase of exogenous potassium concentration，the root activity increased，and the MDA content decreased. According to the comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis and membership function analysis，the growth and development of each treatment under any stress were from strong to weak in the order of control medium potassium > control high potassium > control low potassium > stress high potassium > stress medium potassium > stress low potassium. The potassium content in different parts of all treatments increased significantly with the increase of exogenous potassium concentration. Under salt stress，the increase of exogenous potassium concentration can reduce the absorption of Na⁺ in different parts. Under abiotic stress treatment，the expressions of K⁺ absorption and transport related genes HAK5 and LKT1 and abiotic stress response related genes NHX1，SOS1，SlMYB15，HY5，SlCBF1，SlCBF3，SlAREB1 and SlNAC6 were significantly increased with the increase of exogenous potassium concentration. In conclusion，increasing exogenous potassium concentration can alleviate the damage of different abiotic stresses on tomato seedling stage，help enhance the adaptability to abiotic stresses，and promote growth and development.

Key words: tomato, potassium, low temperature stress, salt stress, drought stress, growth development

萧志浩, 郑涵锴, 张曼楠, 唐怀千, 王嘉颖, 张余洋, 张俊红, 叶志彪, 叶杰. 非生物胁迫下钾对番茄苗期生长发育的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1599-1618.

XIAO Zhihao, ZHENG Hankai, ZHANG Mannan, TANG Huaiqian, WANG Jiaying, ZHANG Yuyang, ZHANG Junhong, YE Zhibiao, and YE Jie. Effects of Potassium on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Under Abiotic Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1599-1618.

图/表 11

表1 钾低、中、高浓度Hogland营养液大量元素含量

Table 1 Potassium low，medium and high concentration Hogland nutrient solution content of a large number of elements

K/mmol · L^-1	mg · L^-1
K/mmol · L^-1	KNO₃	NH₄NO₃	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	NH₄H₂PO₄	MgSO₄·7H₂O	CaCl₂
1.5	151.75	180.30	945.00	115.00	493.00	0
6.0	607.00	0	945.00	115.00	493.00	0
9.0	910.50	0	590.42	115.00	493.00	166.77

表2 荧光定量引物

Table 2 Primer sequences for qRT-PCR

基因名称Gene name	引物（5′-3′）Primer
Actin	F：ATGGCAGACGGAGAGGATATTCA	R：GCCTTTGCAATCCACATCTGCTG
LKT1	F：ACTTGCCTCTCACCCTTTG	R：CCACACAGTTCTCAATGCC
HAK5	F：CCGTGTTACGCGCCTTTAA	R：TCCTTTTTTACCGTTTCTTTTGAAG
HY5	F：GCAAGCGACGAGTTCTAT	R：ATCTCCGGCACTCTTCTG
SlMYB15	F：GCAGCAAGATTACCGGGAAG	R：TGGTGAGTTAGGAGCATGCA
SOS1	F：GTGCAGTACAGATGCTTTTACTTG	R：AGGGCCACAACAGCCACAG
NHX1	F：TGGCGAGATTGGGGGTGAGT	R：AACGACTCTCTTCAAGGAGATGACC
SlNAC6	F：GAGGTGTTTCATGTGGTTAGGTGGAT	R：CGGCTTGCTGAGAAGACTGTTGC
SlAREB1	F：TCCTTATGTGTTTAATGGTGGTTT	R：CATCGTTTTCTTCTTTTAGTTTCG
SlCBF1	F：GAGTCGGAAGAAGTTTCAGG	R：TGTAGGCATCAGTTTCCAC
SlCBF3	F：TGCCGGGTTTACTTACGAAT	R：TCAGCTTCCACATGATCTCC

图1 不同钾浓度下非生物胁迫处理的株高、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量和根冠比柱形图上不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 1 Plant height，aboveground fresh weight，underground fresh weight and root-shoot ratio under different potassium concentrations and abiotic stresses Different lowercase letters on the bar chart indicated significant difference between treatments at 0.05 level. The same below

图2 不同钾浓度下各非生物胁迫处理的光合色素含量

Fig. 2 Photosynthetic pigment content under abiotic stress under different potassium concentration and abiotic stresses

图3 不同钾浓度下各非生物胁迫处理的根系活力和叶片MDA含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量

Fig. 3 Root activity and MDA content，SOD activity，soluble sugar content in leaves of abiotic stresses groups were treated with different potassium concentrations

表3 不同处理番茄生长综合评价

Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of tomato growth under different treatments

处理Treatment	μ（X₁）	μ（X₂）	D值D-value	排名Rank
干旱胁迫对照 + 中钾Drought stress control + Medium potassium	1.000	0.412	0.930	1
干旱胁迫对照 + 高钾Drought stress control + High potassium	0.993	0.442	0.927	2
盐胁迫对照 + 中钾Salt stress control + Medium potassium	0.902	0.427	0.845	3
盐胁迫对照 + 高钾Salt stress control + High potassium	0.858	0.444	0.808	4
干旱胁迫对照 + 低钾Drought stress control + Low potassium	0.864	0.366	0.805	5
盐胁迫对照 + 低钾Salt stress control + Low potassium	0.825	0.300	0.763	6
低温胁迫对照 + 中钾Low temperature stress control + Medium potassium	0.531	0.357	0.510	7
低温胁迫对照 + 高钾Low temperature stress control + High potassium	0.516	0.353	0.497	8
盐胁迫处理 + 高钾Salt stress + High potassium	0.493	0.325	0.473	9
低温胁迫对照 + 低钾Low temperature stress control + Low potassium	0.446	0.328	0.432	10
干旱胁迫处理 + 高钾Drought stress + High potassium	0.328	0.838	0.389	11
盐胁迫处理 + 中钾Salt stress + Medium potassium	0.404	0.204	0.380	12
干旱胁迫处理 + 中钾Drought stress + Medium potassium	0.242	1.000	0.332	13
干旱胁迫处理 + 低钾Drought stress + Low potassium	0.155	0.973	0.252	14
盐胁迫处理 + 低钾Salt stress + Low potassium	0.271	0.078	0.248	15
低温胁迫处理 + 高钾Low temperature stress + High potassium	0.194	0.304	0.207	16
低温胁迫处理 + 中钾Low temperature stress + Medium potassium	0.120	0.149	0.123	17
低温胁迫处理 + 低钾Low temperature stress + Low potassium	0	0	0	18

图4 不同钾浓度下低温和干旱胁迫番茄地上部和地下部的钾含量

Fig. 4 Potassium content in above and under ground of tomato under low temperature and drought stresses under different potassium concentrations

图5 不同钾浓度下盐胁迫番茄不同部位钾、钠含量和钠钾比

Fig. 5 Content of potassium and sodium，ratio of sodium and potassium in different parts of tomato under salt stress and different potassium concentration

图6 不同钾浓度下盐胁迫番茄不同部位HAK5、LKT1、NHX1和SOS1基因的表达量 CK：对照；T：处理；L：低钾处理；M：中钾处理；H：高钾处理。不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 6 Expression of HAK5，LKT1，NHX1 and SOS1 genes in different parts of tomato under salt stress and different potassium concentration CK：Control；T：Treatment；L：Low potassium treatment；M：Medium potassium treatment；H：High potassium treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments at 0.05 level during the same period. The same below

图7 不同钾浓度下低温胁迫番茄不同部位HAK5、LKT1、SlMYB15、HY5、SlCBF1和SlCBF3基因的表达量

Fig. 7 Expression of HAK5，LKT1，SlMYB15，HY5，SlCBF1 and SlCBF3 genes in different parts of tomato under low temperature stress and different potassium concentration

图8 不同钾浓度下干旱胁迫番茄不同部位HAK5、LKT1、SlAREB1和SlNAC6基因的表达量

Fig. 8 Expressions of HAK5，LKT1，SlAREB1 and SlNAC6 genes in different parts of tomato under drought stress and different potassium concentration

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非生物胁迫下钾对番茄苗期生长发育的影响

Effects of Potassium on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Under Abiotic Stress

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非生物胁迫下钾对番茄苗期生长发育的影响

Effects of Potassium on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Under Abiotic Stress

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