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园艺学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 631-640.

• 果树 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同树龄南丰蜜橘根际土壤微生物群落多样性分析

付学琴1,*,黄文新2   

  1. (1江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌 330022;2江西省农业厅,南昌 330046)
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-02 出版日期:2014-04-25 发布日期:2014-04-25

Analysis on Microbial Diversity in the Rhizosphere of Nanfeng Tangerine of Different Tree-age

FU Xue-qin1,* and HUANG Wen-xin2   

  1. (1College of Life Sciences,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;2Jiangxi Department of Provincial Agriculture,Nanchang 330046,China)
  • Received:2013-12-02 Online:2014-04-25 Published:2014-04-25

摘要: 采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)生物标记法,分析了树龄(嫁接后)1年、8年、15年和20年的南丰蜜橘根际土壤微生物多样性。结果表明,不同树龄南丰蜜橘根际土壤PLFA标记含量存在差异,呈现出不同的变化趋势,细菌、硫酸盐还原菌、嗜热解氢杆菌、放线菌等一些参与土壤物质循环的微生物类群的数量在下降,真菌、伯克霍尔德菌等一些适应于贫瘠土壤、代谢能力低的类群数量增加。8年树龄的南丰蜜橘根际土壤PLFA总量最大,细菌、放线菌PLFA含量高于其它土壤样品;20年树龄的南丰蜜橘根际土壤PLFA总量最小,其真菌PLFA含量高于其它土壤样品,表明土壤微生物量与土壤的肥沃程度相关,真菌比细菌更能适应养分贫瘠的条件。采用多样性指数分析,显示8年树龄的南丰蜜橘根际土壤微生物多样性指数最高,20年树龄的最低,表明随着南丰蜜橘树龄增长,微生物群落多样性与均匀程度皆出现了一定程度的下降。土壤酶活性分析结果表明,与8年树龄相比,20年树龄的南丰蜜橘根际土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶与过氧化物酶活性较低,蔗糖酶活性较高。通过相关性分析发现,不同树龄南丰蜜橘土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌、原生动物各总PLFA与酶活性、土壤肥力因子之间存在相关性。由此可见,随着南丰蜜橘种植年限的增加,南丰蜜橘根际土壤的微生物群落多样性降低,根际土壤质量和一些关键酶活性出现较大幅度下降。

关键词: 柑橘, 根际土壤, 微生物群落, 多样性, 磷脂脂肪酸标记

Abstract: The rhizophere microbial diversities of 1,8,15 and 20-year-old Nanfeng tangerine were studied by using phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers(PLFA),respectively. The obtained results showed that the above rhizophere soils presented different characteristics in PLFA marker contents and change trends. It was observed that the microbial population(such as bacteria,sulfate-reducing bacteria,Hydrogenobacter)in relation to soil material cycling decreased with the increase of tree-age. However,the number of fungi and some of Burkholderia bacteria presented a significant increase trend,due to these microorganisms being more adaptive to poor soils and owning lower metabolic capability. Compared to the other tree-aged rhizophere soils,the total amount of PLFA of 8-year-old Nanfeng tangerine was the highest,and the PLFA of bacteria and actinomycetes also presented the highest. Although the total amount of PLFA of 20 years soil was obviously lower than other soils,its fungi PLFA was the highest. Therefore,the microbial biomass in soil was highly related with the soil fertility,and fungi were better adapted to the nutrient poor conditions compared to bacteria. Based on the community diversity indices in the rhizosphere soils between 8-year-old and 20-year-old Nanfeng tangarine,it could be concluded that the microbial community diversity and uniformity were descended with the increase of the plant year. Except invertase,the activities of urease,phosphomonesterase and peroxidase in 20-year-old rhizophere soil were all lower than those in 8-year-old rhizophere soil. The above results revealed that the PLFAs of different microbial groups had a close correlation to the soil enzyme activities and fertility factors. With the increase of plant year,the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils occurred in a great change,which would lead to a decline of microbial diversity and an increase of the microbial groups that had low metabolic capacity and adapted to poor soil condition. Furthermore,the soil quality and the activities of some key enzymes had a significant decrease.

Key words: Citrus, rhizosphere soil, microbial community, diversity, phospholipid fatty acid biomarker

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