Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce Under High Temperature Stress

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0876

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2761-2773.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0876

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce Under High Temperature Stress

ZHOU Xiaolin, LIN Junxuan, LI Caixia, SUN Meihua, BAI Longqiang, HOU Leiping, MIAO Yanxiu^*()

College of Horticulture，Shanxi Agricultural University，Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Efficiency of Facility Vegetables，Taigu，Shanxi 030801，China

Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-07-28 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-28
Contact: MIAO Yanxiu

Abstract

Abstract:

Using leaf lettuce‘Glass lettuce’as the test material，this study analyzes the effects of different temperatures and different concentrations of exogenous glutathione（GSH）on leaf gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes，investigating the impact of exogenous GSH on the photosynthetic characteristics of leaf lettuce under high-temperature stress. The results showed that high temperature stress（36 ℃/30 ℃）significantly reduced growth，photosynthetic rate（P_n），maximum photochemical efficiency（F_v/F_m），actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSII），and leaf pigment content，but significantly increased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient（Φ_NPQ），soluble protein content，and free amino acid content. That is high temperature stress significantly inhibited lettuce growth and reduced leaf photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic electron transport chain performance. However，under high temperature stress，foliar application of 0.5 and 1 mmol· L^-1 GSH treatments significantly increased the whole-plant fresh weight，P_n，and Φ_PSII of lettuce，significantly upregulated the expression levels of key genes（psbA，psbB，psbD，psbH，psbK，psbN）encoding PSⅡ reaction center proteins in lettuce leaves. Additionally，the 0.5 mmol · L^-1 GSH treatment significantly increased leaf pigment content and soluble sugar content. Therefore，applying exogenous GSH can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce.

Key words: lettuce, leaf lettuce, high temperature stress, glutathione, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, gene expression

ZHOU Xiaolin, LIN Junxuan, LI Caixia, SUN Meihua, BAI Longqiang, HOU Leiping, MIAO Yanxiu. Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce Under High Temperature Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2761-2773.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Primer sequences of genes coding PSⅡ reaction center protein in lettuce leaves

基因名 Gene	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer Sequence
Actin	F：GTGAGTGAAGAAGGGCAATG；R：CACTTTCAACCCGATTCACC
psbA	F：GCGAAAGCGAAAGCCTATGGG；R：ATACAGAAGTTGCGGTCAATAAGGTAG
psbB	F：GTGCCCGAACCTTGTTTAGAGATG；R：TCAGCCTATTTGTCTTCTTGTAGTTGG
psbD	F：AGTTTCTACTCCTGCGAATAGTTTAGC；R：CCACAGACCGCCTAATTGACAC
psbH	F：TGGTCCAAGACGAACTACTGTAGG；R：GAGCCATTGCGACACCCATC
psbK	F：ATCTGTCTTAATTCTGCCCTTTATCCG；R：ATGACTGGCATAACATCTACGATTGG
psbN	F：AGCAACCCTAGTCGCTATCTTTATATC；R：CGTGTTCCTCGAATGGATCTCTTAG

Fig. 1 Leaf lettuce growth under exogenous GSH and high temperature stress

Table 2 Effect of exogenous GSH on leaf lettuce growth indexes under high temperature stress

	昼夜温度/℃ Temperature of day/night	GSH/（mmol · L^-1）	叶片数 Leaf number	叶面积/cm² Lef area	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
	22/16	0	12.50 ± 0.29 c	277.72 ± 19.44 ab	19.39 ± 0.56 b	1.57 ± 0.06 b
	22/16	0.5	14.75 ± 0.48 a	324.96 ± 19.66 a	24.91 ± 3.33 a	2.02 ± 0.22 a
	22/16	1.0	14.00 ± 0.41 ab	291.39 ± 16.90 ab	23.86 ± 1.20 ab	1.78 ± 0.12 ab
	36/30	0	10.25 ± 0.48 d	229.83 ± 17.85 b	7.77 ± 0.47 d	1.11 ± 0.05 c
	36/30	0.5	14.00 ± 0.41 ab	316.27 ± 18.50 a	13.28 ± 0.81 c	1.60 ± 0.10 b
	36/30	1.0	13.00 ± 0.41 bc	271.71 ± 22.70 ab	12.76 ± 1.51 c	1.48 ± 0.07 b
L			**	ns	***	***
N			***	**	**	**
L × N			ns	ns	ns	ns

Fig. 2 Gas exchange parameters of exogenous GSH on leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. L：Temperature；N：GSH concentration；L × N：Interaction between temperature and GSH concentration. * P < 0.05，**P < 0.01，***P < 0.001；ns：not significant. The same below

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll fluorescence image of leaf lettuce leaves with exogenous GSH under high temperature stress

Fig. 4 Effect of exogenous GSH on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

Fig. 5 Effects of exogenous GSH on OJIP curve（a）and JIP-test parameters（b）of leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

Fig. 6 Effect of exogenous GSH on physiological indexes of leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

Fig. 7 Effect of exogenous GSH on the transcription levels of photosystemⅡreaction center gene in leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

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Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce Under High Temperature Stress

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