The Regulation of Flesh Color of Horticultural Crops by Transcription Factors

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0361

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1051-1064.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0361

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The Regulation of Flesh Color of Horticultural Crops by Transcription Factors

YUAN Luming, ZHU Hongju, LIU Wenge^*()

Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Zhengzhou 450009，China

Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2025-04-25
Contact: LIU Wenge

Abstract

Abstract:

Flesh color is an important trait of horticultural crops，which is crucial for seeds dispersal，nutrition evaluation and consumer selection. Flesh color exhibits diversity and complexity，for example，green，yellow，and red-flesh were present in kiwifruit，watermelon flesh has yellow，red，white，mixed color. The formation of flesh color is mainly affected by the composition and concentration of pigments，such as carotenoids，chlorophyll，anthocyanins，etc. The regulation of flesh color can be achieved through modulating the expression of key genes in pigments metabolism pathway. Transcription factors（TFs）activate or repress the expression of those genes by interact with promoter of relevant genes and further regulate flesh color. In previous studies，multiple kinds of transcription factors have been discovered and proved to play an important role in regulating genes in pigment metabolism pathways and flesh color，such as MYB，NAC，MADS，WARK and others.

Key words: transcription factor, flesh color, pigments regulating, MYB, NAC, MADS, WRKY

YUAN Luming, ZHU Hongju, LIU Wenge. The Regulation of Flesh Color of Horticultural Crops by Transcription Factors[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 1051-1064.

Figures/Tables 5

References 78

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功能 Function	步骤 Step	酶 Enzyme	基因 Gene
合成 Synthesis	1	谷氨酰-tRNA合成酶 Glutamyl-tRNA synthase	GluRS
	2	谷氨酰-tRNA还原酶 Glutamyl-tRNA reductase	GluTR
	3	谷氨酸-1-半醛转氨酶 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase	GSA-AT
	4	δ-氨基酮戊酸脱氢酶 δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	ALAD
	5	胆色原素脱氨酶 Porphobilinogen deaminase	PBD
	6	尿卟啉原Ⅲ合酶 Uroporphyrinogen III synthase	UroS
	7	尿卟啉原Ⅲ脱氢酶 Uroporphyrinogen III dehydrogenase	UroD
	8	粪卟啉原氧化酶 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase	CPO
	9	原卟啉原氧化酶 Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase	PPX
	10	铁螯合酶 Ferrochelatase	FeCh
	11	镁螯合酶 Magnesium chelatase	MgCh
	12	Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ甲基转移酶 Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase	MTF
	13	Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ单甲酯环化酶 Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase	MTC
	14	8-乙烯基还原酶 8-vinyl reductase	VR
	15	NADPH-原叶绿素酸酯氧化还原酶 NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase	POR
	16	叶绿素酸酯a加氧酶 Chlorophyllide a oxygenase	CAO
	17	叶绿素合酶 Chlorophyll synthase	CHLS
	18	叶绿素降解酶 Chlorophyllase	CLH
降解Degradation	1	永绿基因 NON-YELLOW COLORING1	NYC1
	2	永绿基因类似基因 NYC1-LIKE	NOL
	3	羟基叶绿素a还原酶 Hydroxychlorophyll a reductase	HCAR
	4	脱镁螯合酶 STAY GREEN	SGR
	5	脱镁叶绿素酶 Pheophytinase	Pao
	6	脱镁叶绿酸a氧化酶 Pheophorbide a oxygenase	PAO
	7	RCC还原酶 RCC reductase	RCCR

功能 Function	步骤 Step	酶 Enzyme	基因 Gene
合成 Synthesis	1	谷氨酰-tRNA合成酶 Glutamyl-tRNA synthase	GluRS
	2	谷氨酰-tRNA还原酶 Glutamyl-tRNA reductase	GluTR
	3	谷氨酸-1-半醛转氨酶 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase	GSA-AT
	4	δ-氨基酮戊酸脱氢酶 δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	ALAD
	5	胆色原素脱氨酶 Porphobilinogen deaminase	PBD
	6	尿卟啉原Ⅲ合酶 Uroporphyrinogen III synthase	UroS
	7	尿卟啉原Ⅲ脱氢酶 Uroporphyrinogen III dehydrogenase	UroD
	8	粪卟啉原氧化酶 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase	CPO
	9	原卟啉原氧化酶 Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase	PPX
	10	铁螯合酶 Ferrochelatase	FeCh
	11	镁螯合酶 Magnesium chelatase	MgCh
	12	Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ甲基转移酶 Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase	MTF
	13	Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ单甲酯环化酶 Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase	MTC
	14	8-乙烯基还原酶 8-vinyl reductase	VR
	15	NADPH-原叶绿素酸酯氧化还原酶 NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase	POR
	16	叶绿素酸酯a加氧酶 Chlorophyllide a oxygenase	CAO
	17	叶绿素合酶 Chlorophyll synthase	CHLS
	18	叶绿素降解酶 Chlorophyllase	CLH
降解Degradation	1	永绿基因 NON-YELLOW COLORING1	NYC1
	2	永绿基因类似基因 NYC1-LIKE	NOL
	3	羟基叶绿素a还原酶 Hydroxychlorophyll a reductase	HCAR
	4	脱镁螯合酶 STAY GREEN	SGR
	5	脱镁叶绿素酶 Pheophytinase	Pao
	6	脱镁叶绿酸a氧化酶 Pheophorbide a oxygenase	PAO
	7	RCC还原酶 RCC reductase	RCCR

主要作物 Crop	转录因子 TF	主要靶基因 Target gene	果肉颜色表现 Flesh color
番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	SlAN2	Ethylene-related genes	橙黄Orange
	SlMYB12	Flavonoid-related genes	多种颜色Muti-colors
	SlNAC1	SlPSY1 & Ethylene-related genes	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
	SlRIN& SLcMYB1	Muti-genes	多种颜色Muti-colors
	SlWRKY35	SlDXS1	黄色Yellow
	SlERF	SlLCYB2	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
	SlGLK	SlPOR、Photosynthetic-related gene
桃 Prunus persica	PpMYB10.1	PpUFGT，PpDFR	淡色Pale
	PbMYB18	PpUFGT，PpDFR	红色Red
	PbNAC1 & BL	PpMYB10.1	红色Red
猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	AdMYB10 & AdMYB110	Anthocyanin-related genes	红色Red
猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	AdMYB7	AdLCYB	橙黄Orange
柑橘 Citrus	CsMADS3	CsPSY1，CsLCYB2，CsSGR	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
柑橘 Citrus	CsMADS6	CsPDS，CsCCD1，CsPSY	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
梨 Pyrus	PpWRKY44 & PpMYB10	PpCHS，PpF3H	红色Red
苹果 Malus	MdMYBDL1 & MdHY5	MdMYB16	红色Red
甜瓜Melo	CmNAC-NOR	CmWINV2，CmACS5，CmNCED3，CmZDS1	橙黄Orange
	CmWRKY49	CmPSY1	橙黄Orange

主要作物 Crop	转录因子 TF	主要靶基因 Target gene	果肉颜色表现 Flesh color
番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	SlAN2	Ethylene-related genes	橙黄Orange
	SlMYB12	Flavonoid-related genes	多种颜色Muti-colors
	SlNAC1	SlPSY1 & Ethylene-related genes	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
	SlRIN& SLcMYB1	Muti-genes	多种颜色Muti-colors
	SlWRKY35	SlDXS1	黄色Yellow
	SlERF	SlLCYB2	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
	SlGLK	SlPOR、Photosynthetic-related gene
桃 Prunus persica	PpMYB10.1	PpUFGT，PpDFR	淡色Pale
	PbMYB18	PpUFGT，PpDFR	红色Red
	PbNAC1 & BL	PpMYB10.1	红色Red
猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	AdMYB10 & AdMYB110	Anthocyanin-related genes	红色Red
猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis	AdMYB7	AdLCYB	橙黄Orange
柑橘 Citrus	CsMADS3	CsPSY1，CsLCYB2，CsSGR	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
柑橘 Citrus	CsMADS6	CsPDS，CsCCD1，CsPSY	黄色或橙黄色Yellow or orange
梨 Pyrus	PpWRKY44 & PpMYB10	PpCHS，PpF3H	红色Red
苹果 Malus	MdMYBDL1 & MdHY5	MdMYB16	红色Red
甜瓜Melo	CmNAC-NOR	CmWINV2，CmACS5，CmNCED3，CmZDS1	橙黄Orange
	CmWRKY49	CmPSY1	橙黄Orange

The Regulation of Flesh Color of Horticultural Crops by Transcription Factors

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