Researches on Cabbage Genetics and Breeding in China for 60 Years

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0711

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2075-2098.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0711

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Researches on Cabbage Genetics and Breeding in China for 60 Years

YANG Limei, FANG Zhiyuan()

Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China

Received:2022-07-08 Revised:2022-08-29 Online:2022-10-25 Published:2022-10-31
Contact: FANG Zhiyuan E-mail:ylmcaas@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

In the past 60 years,remarkable achievements have been made in cabbage genetics and breeding in China:Heterosis utilization technology has been broken through. Breeding technology systems of self-incompatible line and male sterile line have been established successively. A number of excellent germplasm resources have been introduced and innovated. A batch of new varieties adapted to market consumption demand were developed and applied in cabbage production. Great progress have been made in the research and application of biotechnology. This paper summarized the important research progress made in the past 60 years and analyzed the main problems in cabbage breeding and the development trend in the future.

Key words: cabbage, genetic breeding, breeding technology, new cultivar, research progress

CLC Number:

S635

YANG Limei, FANG Zhiyuan. Researches on Cabbage Genetics and Breeding in China for 60 Years[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(10): 2075-2098.

Figures/Tables 4

References 129

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审定年份 Year of approvement	审定品种数 Number of approved varieties	一代杂种数 Number of hybrid	常规品种数 Numberof routine varieties	一代杂种比例/% Percentage of hybrid
1980—1990	52	36	16	69.2
1991—2001	51	49	2	96.1
总计Total	103	85	18	82.5

审定年份 Year of approvement	审定品种数 Number of approved varieties	一代杂种数 Number of hybrid	常规品种数 Numberof routine varieties	一代杂种比例/% Percentage of hybrid
1980—1990	52	36	16	69.2
1991—2001	51	49	2	96.1
总计Total	103	85	18	82.5

雄性不育系 MS material	年份及来源 Year and origin	国内研究单位 Domestic research institute	不育株率/% Ratio of sterile plant	不育度/% Degree of Sterile	生长,低温下叶色 Growth,leaf color	开花结实 Flowering and seeding	配合力 Combining ability
83121ms （隐性核不育Recessive genic male sterility）	1983,'小平头''Xiaopingtou'	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	50	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal
CMSN78091 （黑芥胞质不育Nigra cytoplasmic male sterility）	1980,荷兰Netherlands	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,江苏省农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	50	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	不正常,花半开放 Abnormal,half-open flower	正常 Normal
CMSR1 （萝卜胞质不育Radish cytoplasmic male sterility）	1980,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京市农林科学院,江苏、上海农业科学院及西南大学等 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Southwest University,etc	100	100	弱,黄化 Weak,yellow	不正常,蜜腺退化,种荚畸形 Abnormal,nectary degeneration, silique malformation	不强 Weak
CMSR2 （改良萝卜胞质不育Improved radish cytoplasmic sterility）	1994,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,上海、陕西、天津农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	较弱,不黄化 Slightly weaker,non-yellowing	部分花朵及种荚不正常 Some flowers and siliques are abnormal	不强 Weak
CMSR₃ （改良萝卜胞质不育Improved radish cytoplasmic sterility）	1998,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,上海市农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal
79-399-3M （显性核不育Dominant genic male sterility）	1979, 79-399	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal

雄性不育系 MS material	年份及来源 Year and origin	国内研究单位 Domestic research institute	不育株率/% Ratio of sterile plant	不育度/% Degree of Sterile	生长,低温下叶色 Growth,leaf color	开花结实 Flowering and seeding	配合力 Combining ability
83121ms （隐性核不育Recessive genic male sterility）	1983,'小平头''Xiaopingtou'	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	50	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal
CMSN78091 （黑芥胞质不育Nigra cytoplasmic male sterility）	1980,荷兰Netherlands	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,江苏省农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	50	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	不正常,花半开放 Abnormal,half-open flower	正常 Normal
CMSR1 （萝卜胞质不育Radish cytoplasmic male sterility）	1980,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京市农林科学院,江苏、上海农业科学院及西南大学等 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Southwest University,etc	100	100	弱,黄化 Weak,yellow	不正常,蜜腺退化,种荚畸形 Abnormal,nectary degeneration, silique malformation	不强 Weak
CMSR2 （改良萝卜胞质不育Improved radish cytoplasmic sterility）	1994,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,上海、陕西、天津农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	较弱,不黄化 Slightly weaker,non-yellowing	部分花朵及种荚不正常 Some flowers and siliques are abnormal	不强 Weak
CMSR₃ （改良萝卜胞质不育Improved radish cytoplasmic sterility）	1998,美国 United States	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,上海市农业科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal
79-399-3M （显性核不育Dominant genic male sterility）	1979, 79-399	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	100	100	正常,不黄化 Normal,non-yellowing	正常 Normal	正常 Normal

不育系名称 Name	熟性 Maturity	球型 Head shape	不育株率/% Ratio of sterile plant	不育度/% Degree of sterile	用途 Usage
01-216MS	早熟 Early maturity	圆球 Round head	100	100	配早熟春甘蓝组合 Formulating early spring cabbage combinations
01-425MS	早熟 Early maturity	圆球 Round head	100	100	配早熟春甘蓝组合 Formulating early spring cabbage combinations
79-156MS	早熟 Early maturity	圆球 Round head	100	100	配早熟春、秋组合 Formulating early spring and autumn cabbage combinations
23202MS	中熟 Medium maturity	扁圆 Flat round head	100	99	配中熟秋甘蓝组合 Formulating mid-maturity autumn cabbage combinations
02-12MS	极早熟 Extreme early maturity	牛心 Acuminate head	100	99	配早熟春甘蓝组合 Formulating early spring cabbage combinations

Researches on Cabbage Genetics and Breeding in China for 60 Years

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品种名称 Variety name	育成单位 Breeding institute	主要特性 Chief character	每年种植面积/× 10⁴ hm² Planting area annually	推广地区 Spread area
京丰一号 Jingfeng No.1	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京市农林科学院 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	适应性强,丰产 Strong adaptability,high yield	15	全国各省（市、区） Provinces（cities,districts）across the country
夏光 Xiaguang	上海市农业科学院 Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	抗病耐热 Resistant to disease and heat	3	长江中下游 Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
中甘11 Zhonggan 11	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	早熟,优质 Early maturity,excellent quality	8	华北、东北、西北及西南、华南地区 North China,Northeast China,Northwest China,Southwest China,and South China
8398	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	早熟,优质 Early maturity,excellent quality	8	同'中甘11' Same as Zhonggan 11
晚丰 Wanfeng	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	抗病,丰产 Resistant to disease,high yield	4	全国各省（市、区） Provinces（cities,districts）across the country
庆丰 Qingfeng	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	优质,丰产 Excellent quality,high yield	2	全国各省（市、区） Provinces（cities,districts）across the country
中甘8号 Zhonggan 8	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	抗病,耐热 Resistant to disease and heat	1	全国各省（市、区） Provinces cities,districts）across the country
春丰 Chunfeng	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐未熟抽薹,耐寒 Tolerant to bolting and cold	2	长江中下游地区 Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
西园4号 Xiyuan 4	西南大学 Southwest University	抗寒,耐热 Resistant to cold and heat	0.5	西南各省（市、区） Southwest provinces （cities,districts）
秦甘70 Qingan 70	陕西省农业科学院 Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	抗病,丰产 Resistant to disease,high yield	0.5	西北各省（市、区） Northwest provinces （cities,districts）

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