Isolation，Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Fusarium Wilt on Tomato and Antagonistic Fungus Screening

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0811

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2532-2544.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0811

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Isolation，Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Fusarium Wilt on Tomato and Antagonistic Fungus Screening

SU Xiumin¹^,^*(), WANG Jiao¹, HAN Wenqing¹, LI Peng², WANG Qiulan¹, LI Wanxing¹

¹ Institute of Millet of Shanxi Agricultural University， Changzhi， Shanxi 046000， China
² Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Luzhou， Changzhi， Shanxi 046000， China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-06-05 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: SU Xiumin

Abstract

Abstract:

Tomato Fusarium wilt samples from the stems in Huguan County，Changzhi City，Shanxi Province，were used as experimental materials. The pathogen was isolated and cultured using tissue separation methods，and its pathogenicity was determined by root-dipping inoculation. The pathogen species responsible for the tomato wilt disease was identified using conventional morphological analysis and ITS sequence analysis. Additionally，the biological characteristics of the pathogen were studied. Furthermore，after two rounds of tomato-zucchini crop rotation，Trichoderma harzianum strain M408 was isolated from the soil planted with zucchini. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum M408 mycelium and its sterile fermentation liquid against the tomato wilt pathogen was measured using the dual-culture plate method. The results revealed that the pathogen causing tomato wilt disease in Huguan County，Changzhi City，Shanxi Province，was identified as Fusarium proliferatum，named K11. The suitable growth temperature for K11 was 28 ℃，and 6.0 was the most suitable pH value. Under 24-hour full light conditions，the growth rate of K11 was fastest. K11 was able to grow using various carbon sources，with the fastest mycelial growth observed when sucrose was used as the carbon source. Using the mycelial confrontation method on plates，after 7 days，Trichoderma harzianum M408 showed a 68.38% inhibition rate on the K11 mycelium，and its sterile fermentation liquid exhibited 93.17% inhibition rate against K11 mycelium.

Key words: tomato, Fusarium wilt, pathogen identification, Fusarium proliferatum, biological characteristics, antagonistic fungus

SU Xiumin, WANG Jiao, HAN Wenqing, LI Peng, WANG Qiulan, LI Wanxing. Isolation，Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Fusarium Wilt on Tomato and Antagonistic Fungus Screening[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2532-2544.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Symptoms of Fusarium and colony morphology A：Colony morphology of primary isolates；B：Colony morphology after purification；C：Dissection section symptom of stem；D：Symptoms at the later period of infection

Fig. 2 Microconidia and colony morphology on PDA medium A：Macroconidia；B，C：Colony morphology on PDA medium

Fig. 3 The electrophoresis analysis result of strain K11

Fig. 4 The phylogenetic tree of the strain K11 based on ITS sequence The number on each branch point represents the bootstrap；The scale bar represents the evolutionary distance

Fig. 5 Colony diameters of the K11 strain under different growth conditions（the 7th day） Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level

Fig. 6 The colony morphology confrontation cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain M408 and Fusarium proliferatum strain K11（1-7 d）

Fig. 7 The colony morphology confrontation cultured of Trichoderma harzianum strain M408 and Fusarium proliferatum strain K11（the 7th day）

Fig. 8 The colony diameters of K11 confrontation cultured Trichoderma harzianum M408 and Fusarium proliferatum strain K11（1-7 d） Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level

References 35

[1]	Booth C. 1988. The genus Fusarium. Beijing: China Agriculture Press:31.
[2]	Carmona S L, Burbano-David D, Gómez M R, Lopez W, Ceballos N, Castano-Zapata J, Simbaqueba J, Soto-Suárez M. 2020. Characterization of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates associated with commercial tomato crops in the Andean region of Colombia. Pathogens, 9 (1):70.
[3]	Chen Yunyun, Li Huixia, Zhang Haiying, Xu Shengjun, Liu Yonggang. 2021. Identification of Bacillus atrophaeus MQ19st15 and its control efficacy against Fusarium wilt on potted cabbage plants. Plant Protection, 47 (5):64-71. (in Chinese)
	陈云云, 李慧霞, 张海英, 徐生军, 刘永刚. 2021. 萎缩芽孢杆菌 MQ19ST15 鉴定及对甘蓝枯萎病的盆栽防效. 植物保护, 47 (5):64-71.
[4]	Fang Zhongda. 1998. Research method for plant pathology. The third edition. Beijing: China Agriculture Press:63. (in Chinese)
	方中达. 1998. 植病研究方法. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社:63.
[5]	Ge Xiaoying, Sun Zhigang, Li Tao, OuYang Zhu. 2016. Soil Pseudomonas spp.,Bacillus spp.,and microbial communities under tomato continuous cropping in greenhouse production. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 35 (2):514-523. (in Chinese)
	葛晓颖, 孙志刚, 李涛, 欧阳竹. 2016. 设施番茄连作障碍与土壤芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌及微生物群落的关系分析. 农业环境科学学报, 35 (3):514-523.
[6]	Guo Jun, Wu Aailian, Yan Min, Li Wei, Chi Xiurong, Ding Yuchuan, Jiao Xiaoyan. 2016. Identification of Bacillus sp. Pb-4 and its unitilization for antimicrobial activity. Journal of North China Agriculture, 31 (2):224-230. (in Chinese)
	郭珺, 武爱莲, 闫敏, 李娓, 池秀蓉, 丁玉川, 焦晓燕. 2016. 芽孢杆菌Pb-4菌株鉴定及其抑菌活性的研究. 华北农学报, 31 (2):224-230. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.036
[7]	Huang C J, Wang T K, Chung S C, Chenet C Y. 2005. Identification of an antifungal chitinase from a potential biocontrol agent, Bacillus cereus 28-9. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,38 ( 1):82-88.
[8]	Li Xinglong, Li Yanzhong. 2015. Research advances in bioligical contral of soil-borne disease. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 24 (3):204-212. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11686/cyxb20150321
	李兴龙, 李彦忠. 2015. 土传病害生物防治研究进展. 草业学报, 24 (3):204-212. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20150321
[9]	Liang Xuejie, Zhang Tingting, Qiao Junqing, Du Yan, Liu Youzhou. 2014. Screening,evaluation and identification of antagonistic bacteria against soil-borne diseases of tomato. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27 (3):1096-1103. (in Chinese)
	梁雪杰, 张婷婷, 乔俊卿, 杜艳, 刘邮洲. 2014. 番茄土传病害拮抗菌的筛选、评价及鉴定. 西南农业学报, 27 (3):1096-1103.
[10]	Meng Zhen, Zhang Weiping, Wang Ying, Li Long, Ji Xiaoxue, Dong Bei, Qiao Kang. 2022. Establishment and application of real-time PCR for quantitative detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (11):2479-2488. (in Chinese)
	孟臻, 张伟萍, 王莹, 李龙, 姬小雪, 董贝, 乔康. 2022. 番茄枯萎病菌 RT-PCR 检测技术的建立与应用,园艺学报, 49 (11):2479-2488.
[11]	Nwankiti A, Gwa V. 2018. Evaluation of antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum causal agent of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)tuber rot. Trends Tech Sci Res, 1 (1):12-18.
[12]	Pfordt A, Ramos Romero L, Schiwek S, Karlovsky P, von Tiedemann A. 2020. Impact of environmental conditions and agronomic practices on the prevalence of Fusarium species associated with ear and stalk rot in maize. Pathogens, 9 (3):236.
[13]	Sallam N M A, Eraky A M I, Sallam A. 2019. Effect of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium wilt disease of tomato. Mol Biol Rep, 46 (4):4463-4470.
[14]	Shen Haibin, Wang Qiancheng, Chen Jie, Wu Yu, Yang Xuedong, Zhu Weimin, Zhang Yingying. 2023. Efficacy and mechanism of three Trichoderma strains for control of tomato Fusarium wilt. Plant Physiology Journal, 59 (5):965-976. (in Chinese)
	沈海斌, 王前程, 陈捷, 吴珏, 杨学东, 朱为民, 张迎迎. 2023. 三株木霉对番茄枯萎病的防治效果和机理研究. 植物生理学报, 59 (5):965-976.
[15]	Singh J, Vipul K, Seweta S, Adesh K, Singh V. 2018. In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma Species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing tomato wilt. Plant Patho J,17:59-64.
[16]	Sivan A, Chet I. 1986. Biological control of Fusarium spp. in cotton,wheat and muskmelon by Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Phytopathology, 116 (1):39-47.
[17]	Srinivas C, Devi D N, Murthy K N, Mohan C D, Nayaka S C. 2019. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato:biology to diversity:a review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26 (7):1315-1324.
[18]	Tan Jiaojiao, Wang Xigang, Guo Chengjin, Zhang Lirong, Shen Ruiqing. 2021. Inhibition of the solid fermentation of Trichoderma harzianum M-17 and the extraction of fermentation products on Fusarium. Acta Agric Bor-Occid Sci, 30 (11):1741-1747. (in Chinese)
	谭娇娇, 王喜刚, 郭成瑾, 张丽荣, 沈瑞清. 2021. 哈茨木霉M-17固体发酵及发酵产物浸提液对镰刀菌的抑制作用. 西北农业学报, 30 (11):1741-1747.
[19]	Tian Miao, Peng Yufei, Lü Hong, Qin Nan, Ren Lu, Yin Hui, Zhao Xiaojun. 2023. Trichoderma afroharzianum LMNS-M9:identification,biological characteristics,and growth-promoting effect on quinoa. Microbiology China, 50 (9):3848-3865. (in Chinese)
	田淼, 彭玉飞, 吕红, 秦楠, 任璐, 殷辉, 赵晓军. 2023. 非洲哈茨木霉LMNS-M9 的鉴定、生物学特性及其对藜麦的促生作用. 微生物学通报, 50 (9):3848-3865.
[20]	Weller D M, Raaijmakers J M, Gardener B B M, Thomashow L S. 2002. Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40 (1):309-348.
[21]	Wang Enze. 2020. Screening antagonistic bacteria against tomato wilt and research on antibacterial effect[M. D. Dissertation]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	王恩泽. 2020. 番茄枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌效果研究[硕士论文]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学.
[22]	Wang Fei, Yang Jin, Li Xuemeng, Zhao Ying, Liu Yuxia, Qin Yanhong, Gao Suxia, Wen Yi, Lu Chuantao. 2024. Isolation,biological characterization of the pathogen causing Fusatium wilt on Achyranthes bidentata and fungicide screening. Acta Phytopatjologgica Sinica, 54 (1):49-58. (in Chinese)
	王飞, 杨瑾, 李雪梦, 赵莹, 刘玉霞, 秦艳红, 高素霞, 文艺, 鲁传涛. 2024. 牛膝枯萎病病原鉴定、生物学特性及防治药剂筛选. 植物病理学报, 54 (1):49-58. doi: 10.13926/j.cnki.apps.001602
[23]	Wang Guiqing, Zeng Lu, Ma Di, Zhao Peng. 2018. A review of studies on biological characteristics of plant pathogenic fungi in recent 10 years in our country. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 46 (19):1-5. (in Chinese)
	王桂清, 曾路, 马迪, 赵鹏. 2018. 我国近10年植物致病真菌生物学特性研究综述. 江苏农业科学, 46 (19):1-5.
[24]	Wang Luyao. 2017. Study on the biological characteristics,induced resisrance,application technologies of biocontrol bacterial B1619[M. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	王璐瑶. 2017. 生防解淀粉芽胞杆菌B1619生物学特性、诱导抗病性和田间应用技术研究[硕士论文]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
[25]	Wang Qiancheng, Zhang Yingying, Dai Taoyu, You Jiaqi, Guo Shirong, Zhu Weimin. 2022. Study on biological control effect and mechanism of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51 on tomato Fusarium wilt. Acta Bot Bor-Occid Sin, 42 (6):974-982. (in Chinese)
	王前程, 张迎迎, 戴陶宇, 尤佳琪, 郭世荣, 朱为民. 2022. 拟康宁木霉T-51菌株对番茄枯萎病的生物防治及其机理研究. 西北植物学报, 42 (6):974-982.
[26]	Wang Quanhua, Li Jingfu, Li Yonghao, Wang Fu. 1996. Race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Heilongjiang. Journal of Northeast Agricultural Univeisity, 27 (4):354-357. (in Chinese)
	王全华, 李景富, 李永镐, 王富. 1996. 黑龙江省番茄枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定. 东北农业大学学报, 27 (4):354-357.
[27]	Wang Yongqiang. 2020. Isolation and identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SDTB009 and its control effect on tomato Fusarium wilt[M. D. Dissertation]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	王永强. 2020. 解淀粉芽孢杆菌SDTB009的分离鉴定及其对番茄枯萎病的防治研究[硕士论文]. 泰安: 山东农业大学.
[28]	Xiao Hui, Cheng Wenjuan, Zhang Peng, Zhang Hui, Jiao Rumin, Wang Liyan, Zhao Jie, Pan Jie. 2021. Control effect of the mixture of wood vinegar and fungicide on tomato of Fusarium wilt and Botrytis cinerea. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 49 (1):82-87. (in Chinese)
	肖辉, 程文娟, 张鹏, 张慧, 焦汝民, 王立艳, 赵杰, 潘洁. 2021. 木醋液与杀菌剂复配对番茄枯萎病和灰霉病的防治效果. 江苏农业科学, 49 (1):82-87.
[29]	Xu Yanhui, Li Ye, Xu Xiangyang. 2008. Progress in research on Fusarium wilt of tomato. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 39 (11):128-134. (in Chinese)
	徐艳辉, 李烨, 许向阳. 2008. 番茄枯萎病的研究进展. 东北农业大学学报, 39 (11):128-134.
[30]	Yassin M T, Mostafa A F, Al-Askar A A, Sayed S R M, Rady A M. 2021. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride strains against some fusarial pathogens causing stalk rot disease of maize, in vitro. Journal of King Saud University-Science,33:101363.
[31]	Zhang Bin, Qiao Junqing, Liang Xuejie, Liu Youzhou, Chen Zhiyi. 2015. Evaluation of antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Ralstonia solanacearum. Journal of Plant Protection, 42 (3):353-361. (in Chinese)
	张斌, 乔俊卿, 梁雪杰, 刘邮洲, 陈志谊. 2015. 番茄枯萎病菌和青枯病菌拮抗细菌的评价. 植物保护学报, 42 (3):353-361.
[32]	Zhang Liang, Sheng Hao, Yuan Hong, Zhao Lanfeng, Li Huaxing. 2017. Colonization of Pseudomonas fluorescens PEF-5# 18 to control Fusarium wilt disease on tomato. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 33 (5):658-666. (in Chinese)
	张亮, 盛浩, 袁红, 赵兰凤, 李华兴. 2017. 荧光假单胞菌PEF-5#18防控番茄枯萎病的定殖机理. 中国生物防治学报, 33 (5):658-666. doi: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2017.05.012
[33]	Zhang Wenjing, Xu Dayong, Wu Qianlin, Yang Fo, Xin Bingyue, Zeng Xin, Li Feng. 2024. Genome analysis of Bacillus velezensis XDY66,an antagonist of tomato Botrytis cinerea. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 51 (6):1413-1425. (in Chinese)
	张文静, 徐大勇, 吴倩琳, 杨佛, 信丙越, 曾昕, 李峰. 2024. 拮抗番茄灰霉病的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌XDY66基因组分析. 园艺学报, 51 (6):1413-1425.
[34]	Zhou Dongxing, Wang Enze, Liu Duo, Jin Congmin, Li Xin, Jiang Shan, Bai Haotian. 2020. Screening of biocontrol bacteria against tomato wilt and the effect on defense enzyme activity of plants. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 39 (5):1753-1760. (in Chinese)
	周东兴, 王恩泽, 刘多, 金聪敏, 李欣, 姜姗, 白皓天. 2020. 番茄枯萎病生防细菌的筛选及对植株防御酶活性的影响. 生态学杂志, 39 (5):1753-1760.
[35]	Zhou Han. 2018. The study on sigX factor in bacillus controlling tomato bacterial wilt and banana Fusarium wilt[M. D. Dissertation]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	周晗. 2018. 芽孢杆菌sigX因子防治番茄青枯病和香蕉枯萎病的研究[硕士论文]. 广州: 华南农业大学.

Isolation，Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Fusarium Wilt on Tomato and Antagonistic Fungus Screening

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 35

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	FAN Huidong, ZHENG Shijin, TIAN song, ZHENG Jianchao. A New Tomato F₁ Hybrid‘Jifen 7’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 109-110.
[2]	ZHANG Liwei, DAI Zhongren, CHEN Qingqi, LEI Na, HUANG Jun, Hu Haijiang, MEN Wanjie. A New Tomato Cultivar‘Hayan Zhongfenguo 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 111-112.
[3]	XIONG Zili, SHI Jianlei, CHEN Yongbing, ZHANG Haili, SU Shiwen, ZAI Wenshan, YE Shuguang. A New Tomato Cultivar‘Ouxiu 202’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 113-114.
[4]	CHEN Shuting, WU Mumian, LI Tao, LI Zhenxing, MAI Peiting, SUN Baojuan, HAO Yanwei, GONG Chao. Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2477-2490.
[5]	SONG Qi, SONG Xiaoya, JIAO Yongxin, MAO Ziyue, WU Xiaogang, ZHANG Qingxia. Antifungal Activity of Pseudomonas protegens FD6 Against Botrytis cinerea and Optimization of Its Culture Conditions [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2545-2553.
[6]	ZHOU Ming, HAN Chenxu, YUAN Guoliang, FAN Xiaoqing, AI Pengfei, and LI Changbao. Research Progress of Tomato Male Sterility and Its Breeding Application [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 2081-2098.
[7]	LI Dandan, GE Pingfei, LI Fangman, YANG Yang, XU Haobo, XIONG Chunhui, and ZHANG Yuyang. Regulatory Genes for Tomato Flavor and Their Application in Quality Improvement [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 2099-2113.
[8]	GUAN Sihui, LIU Chenxu, ZHOU Guozhi, WAN Hongjian, RUAN Meiying, WANG Rongqing, YE Qingjing, LI Zhimiao, YAO Zhuping, and CHENG Yuan. Advances in Volatile Flavor Compounds of Cultivated Tomato Fruit and Factors Influencing Its Flavor Quality [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 2114-2132.
[9]	ZHANG Ruiyi, FENG Wenjia, LI Benben, SONG Yiying, WEI Mingyue, CHAI Guaiqiang, and HUO Yanbo. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Cuticular Wax Synthesis Gene SlCER1-7 in Tomato [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(7): 1733-1744.
[10]	REN Xiaoyan, JIA Yiwei, WANG Luwei, LI Tianshuang, LIU Haixia, YAO Yanping, WANG Chunwei, and WANG Meiqin. Detection and Risk Resistance Assessment of Botrytis cinerea on Tomatoes to Prochloraz [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(7): 1915-1925.
[11]	FANG Junyi, WU Weifeng, LU Qiao, LING Hongqing, and KONG Danyu. Screening and Identification for Bacterial Wilt Resistance Accession TK083 in Tomato [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1477-1487.
[12]	XIAO Zhihao, ZHENG Hankai, ZHANG Mannan, TANG Huaiqian, WANG Jiaying, ZHANG Yuyang, ZHANG Junhong, YE Zhibiao, and YE Jie. Effects of Potassium on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings Under Abiotic Stress [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1599-1618.
[13]	LU Xiuping, TANG Zhichao, TANG Wenkun, Mao Feifeng, ZHANG Wanping, LI Jingwei. Identification of Infectivity of 13 Viroid RNA and DNA Genomes of Tomato [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 749-760.
[14]	WANG Chunwei, WANG Yan, DUAN Tiankun, SU Yaxin, YUAN Shengnan, REN Lu, ZHAO Xiaojun, WANG Meiqin. Antifungal Mechanism of Isooctyl Alcohol on Botrytis cinerea Causing Tomato Gray Mold [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 761-772.
[15]	GAO Xin, ZHAO Longlong, YU Qiang, JI Jiayue, WEI Jie, LU Haoyue, WEI Mingfeng, MA Ruiyan. Effects of Four Pear Species and Their Biological Characteristics on the Oviposition of Pear Psylla [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 13-24.