Research Progress on The Regulation and Application of Plant Hormone in Woody Plant Fruit Development and Quality Formation

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0973

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 1939-1966.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0973

Research Progress on The Regulation and Application of Plant Hormone in Woody Plant Fruit Development and Quality Formation

LIU Beiping¹^,², GAO Ming¹, ZHAO Yunxiao¹, WANG Yangdong¹, WANG Bin³, FANG Hongfeng³, LUO Mingyang³, and CHEN Yicun¹^,^*()

¹ Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry， Chinese Academy of Forestry， Hangzhou 311400， China
² Nanjing Forestry University， Nanjing 210037， China
³ Anji Longshan Forest Farm， Anji， Zhejiang 313306， China

Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-06-27 Online:2025-08-19 Published:2025-08-19
Contact: and CHEN Yicun

Abstract

Abstract:

The regulation and application of plant hormones in woody plant fruit development，particularly their roles in shaping quality attributes such as internal composition，color，flavor，and texture were reviewed. This review aims to clarify the hormonal regulation of fruit development and quality formation in woody plants，thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing fruit quality through exogenous hormone application.

Key words: plant hormone, woody plant, fruit, development, quality formation

LIU Beiping, GAO Ming, ZHAO Yunxiao, WANG Yangdong, WANG Bin, FANG Hongfeng, LUO Mingyang, and CHEN Yicun. Research Progress on The Regulation and Application of Plant Hormone in Woody Plant Fruit Development and Quality Formation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 1939-1966.

Figures/Tables 6

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激素 Hormone	物种（品种） Species（Cultivar）	处理时期 Stage	处理方式 Treatment	基因表达 Gene expression	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素 Gibberellic acid	腰果 Cashew	开花前期 Pre-Blooming	50 mg · L^-1 GA₃叶面喷施 50 mg · L^-1 GA₃ as a foliar spray	—	促进果实坐果和发育 Promoting fruit set and development	Aliyu et al.,2011
	‘圣佩德罗’无花果 ‘San Pedro-type’fig	开花期 Anthesis	200 μL 25 mg · L^-1 GA₃注射到果腔 200 μL 25 mg · L^-1 GA₃ injected into the fruit cavity	—	促进ABA、ETH生物合成，诱导单性结实 Promoting ABA and ETH biosynthesis，and inducing unisexual fruiting	Chai et al.,2018
	柑 Mandarin	开花期 Anthesis	5 mg · L^-1 GA₃叶面喷施 5 mg · L^-1 GA₃ as a foliar spray	CcGA20ox↑ CcGA30ox↑ CcCYCA1.1↑	触发并维持子房壁的细胞分裂，导致坐果 Triggering and maintaining cell division in the ovary wall causes fruit set	Mesejo et al.,2016
	灰枣 Jujube	开花期 Anthesis	20 mg · L^-1 GA₃喷施蕾黄期花 20 mg · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed on buds during yellowing period	—	通过调节内源激素形成有利于坐果的激素水平 Formation of hormone levels favoring fruit set by regulating endogenous hormones	Fan et al.,2021
	‘砀山酥’梨 ‘Dangshansu’ pear	开花期 Anthesis	50 mg · L^-1 GA₄₊₇喷施未授粉花 50 mg · L^-1 GA₄₊₇ sprayed on unpollinated flowers	PbGA20ox2↑	促进坐果和单性结实果实的发育 Promoting fruit set and parthenocarpic fruit development	Cong et al.,2020
	‘寒富’苹果 ‘Hanfu’apple	开花期 Anthesis	GA₃喷施自花授粉品种果实 GA₃ sprayed on fruits of self-pollinated	—	降低不对称果实比例，改善果实外观品质 Reducing the proportion of asymmetrical fruit and improving fruit appearance	Liu et al.,2022
生长素 Auxin	‘青皮’佛手 ‘Qingpi’finger citron	发育早期 Early development	1.5 mg · g^-1 NPA涂抹表面 1.5 mg · g^-1 NPA coated fruit surface	—	影响果实果形形态建成 Affecting fruit shape morphology construction	陈民管,2014
	‘小白凤’桃 ‘Xiaobaifeng’ peach	授粉后20 d 20 days post anthesis	0.2 mol · L^-1 NAA浸泡果实1 min 0.2 mol · L^-1 NAA soaked for 1 min	—	调节多种激素信号网络，抑制果实发育相关代谢 Modulating multiple hormone signaling networks and suppressing fruit development metabolism	Zhang et al.,2023
细胞分裂素 Cytokinin	‘砀山酥’梨 ‘Dangshansu’ pear	开花期 Anthesis	20 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施花 20 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed on flowers	PbYUCCA4↑ PbNCED6↓ PbPbRR9↑	增加IAA，诱导单性结实 Increasing IAA content to induce unisexual fruiting	Cong et al.,2020
	澳洲坚果 Macadamia	发育早期 Early development	20 mg · L^-1 CPPU叶片喷施或花序浸泡 20 mg · L^-1 CPPU foliar spray or raceme soaking	—	调控养分供应和激素平衡，减少幼果脱落 Regulating the supply of nutrients required and the balance of hormones reduces fruit drop	Zeng et al.,2016
油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	‘阿曼阿亥’阿月浑子 ‘Ahmad-Aghai’ pistachio	盛花后2周 2 weeks after full bloom	0.1 mmol · L^-1 EBR叶面喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 EBR as a foliar spray	—	减少因落果、空果而减产 Reducing yield loss due to fruit drop and empty fruit	Tadayon & Hosseini,2022
	‘妃子笑’荔枝 ‘Feizixiao’ litchi	幼果期 Fruitlet stage	250 mg · L^-1ETH + 0.02 μmol · L^-1EBR浸泡1 min 250 mg · L^-1 ETH + 0.02 μmol · L^-1 EBR solution dipped for 1 min	LcACS↓ LcACO↓ LcBZR↑	减少ETH在幼果离层的产生，抑制小果脱落 Reducing ETH production in the fruitlet abscission zone inhibits fruitlet abscission	Ma et al.,2021

激素 Hormone	物种（品种） Species（Cultivar）	处理时期 Stage	处理方式 Treatment	基因表达 Gene expression	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素 Gibberellic acid	腰果 Cashew	开花前期 Pre-Blooming	50 mg · L^-1 GA₃叶面喷施 50 mg · L^-1 GA₃ as a foliar spray	—	促进果实坐果和发育 Promoting fruit set and development	Aliyu et al.,2011
	‘圣佩德罗’无花果 ‘San Pedro-type’fig	开花期 Anthesis	200 μL 25 mg · L^-1 GA₃注射到果腔 200 μL 25 mg · L^-1 GA₃ injected into the fruit cavity	—	促进ABA、ETH生物合成，诱导单性结实 Promoting ABA and ETH biosynthesis，and inducing unisexual fruiting	Chai et al.,2018
	柑 Mandarin	开花期 Anthesis	5 mg · L^-1 GA₃叶面喷施 5 mg · L^-1 GA₃ as a foliar spray	CcGA20ox↑ CcGA30ox↑ CcCYCA1.1↑	触发并维持子房壁的细胞分裂，导致坐果 Triggering and maintaining cell division in the ovary wall causes fruit set	Mesejo et al.,2016
	灰枣 Jujube	开花期 Anthesis	20 mg · L^-1 GA₃喷施蕾黄期花 20 mg · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed on buds during yellowing period	—	通过调节内源激素形成有利于坐果的激素水平 Formation of hormone levels favoring fruit set by regulating endogenous hormones	Fan et al.,2021
	‘砀山酥’梨 ‘Dangshansu’ pear	开花期 Anthesis	50 mg · L^-1 GA₄₊₇喷施未授粉花 50 mg · L^-1 GA₄₊₇ sprayed on unpollinated flowers	PbGA20ox2↑	促进坐果和单性结实果实的发育 Promoting fruit set and parthenocarpic fruit development	Cong et al.,2020
	‘寒富’苹果 ‘Hanfu’apple	开花期 Anthesis	GA₃喷施自花授粉品种果实 GA₃ sprayed on fruits of self-pollinated	—	降低不对称果实比例，改善果实外观品质 Reducing the proportion of asymmetrical fruit and improving fruit appearance	Liu et al.,2022
生长素 Auxin	‘青皮’佛手 ‘Qingpi’finger citron	发育早期 Early development	1.5 mg · g^-1 NPA涂抹表面 1.5 mg · g^-1 NPA coated fruit surface	—	影响果实果形形态建成 Affecting fruit shape morphology construction	陈民管,2014
	‘小白凤’桃 ‘Xiaobaifeng’ peach	授粉后20 d 20 days post anthesis	0.2 mol · L^-1 NAA浸泡果实1 min 0.2 mol · L^-1 NAA soaked for 1 min	—	调节多种激素信号网络，抑制果实发育相关代谢 Modulating multiple hormone signaling networks and suppressing fruit development metabolism	Zhang et al.,2023
细胞分裂素 Cytokinin	‘砀山酥’梨 ‘Dangshansu’ pear	开花期 Anthesis	20 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施花 20 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed on flowers	PbYUCCA4↑ PbNCED6↓ PbPbRR9↑	增加IAA，诱导单性结实 Increasing IAA content to induce unisexual fruiting	Cong et al.,2020
	澳洲坚果 Macadamia	发育早期 Early development	20 mg · L^-1 CPPU叶片喷施或花序浸泡 20 mg · L^-1 CPPU foliar spray or raceme soaking	—	调控养分供应和激素平衡，减少幼果脱落 Regulating the supply of nutrients required and the balance of hormones reduces fruit drop	Zeng et al.,2016
油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	‘阿曼阿亥’阿月浑子 ‘Ahmad-Aghai’ pistachio	盛花后2周 2 weeks after full bloom	0.1 mmol · L^-1 EBR叶面喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 EBR as a foliar spray	—	减少因落果、空果而减产 Reducing yield loss due to fruit drop and empty fruit	Tadayon & Hosseini,2022
	‘妃子笑’荔枝 ‘Feizixiao’ litchi	幼果期 Fruitlet stage	250 mg · L^-1ETH + 0.02 μmol · L^-1EBR浸泡1 min 250 mg · L^-1 ETH + 0.02 μmol · L^-1 EBR solution dipped for 1 min	LcACS↓ LcACO↓ LcBZR↑	减少ETH在幼果离层的产生，抑制小果脱落 Reducing ETH production in the fruitlet abscission zone inhibits fruitlet abscission	Ma et al.,2021

激素 Hormone	物种（品种） Species（Cultivar）	处理时期 Stage	处理方式 Treatment	基因表达 Gene expression	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素Gibberellic acid	元宝枫 Shantung Maple	开花期 Anthesis	200 mg · L^-1 GA喷施 200 mg · L^-1 GA sprayed on flowers	—	提高果实可溶性糖含量 Increasing fruit soluble sugar content	刘晓玲,2021
	‘太秋’‘富有’‘阳丰’ ‘次郎’柿 ‘Taishuu’ ‘Soshuu’ ‘Yoho’ ‘Jiro’ persimmon	开花后4周 4 weeks after flowering	300 mg · L^-1 GA₃喷洒，每2周一次 300 mg · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed，every 2 weeks	DkNAC24↓ DkERF38↓ DkMYB22↓ DkGGPS1↓ DkLHT1↓ DkFBA1↑	抑制类胡萝卜素合成、乙烯前体的外向运输以及果糖、葡萄糖的消耗 It inhibits carotenoid synthesis，outward transport of ethylene precursors，and consumption of fructose and glucose	Wu et al.,2023a
	‘红阳’猕猴桃 ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit	收获后 Post-harvest	0.3 g · L^-1 GA₃ 喷施 0.3 g · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed	—	抑制淀粉、细胞壁降解和ETH、酯类的产生 It inhibits starch，cell wall degradation and the production of ETH and esters	Yang et al.,2023
生长素 Auxin	‘秋福’红树莓 ‘Autumn Bliss’ raspberry	白色阶段 White stage (without blush) with small drupelets	100 μmol · L^-1 IAA喷施 100 μmol · L^-1 IAA sprayed	RiMYB10↓ RiANS↓	花青素和总酚含量低于对照组 The anthocyanin and the total phenolic contents were lower than the control group	Moro et al.,2017
	红肉苹果 Red-fleshed apple	—	5 ~ 40 μmol · L^-1 NAA的MS培养基培养愈伤组织 Cultivation of red apple callus on MS medium with 5-40 μmol · L^-1 NAA	MdIAA121↓MdARF13↑ MdMYB10↓ MdDFR↓	随着NAA浓度增加会抑制花青素的积累 Increasing NAA concentration inhibits anthocyanin accumulation	Wang et al.,2018
	水蜜桃 Melting peach	发育期 Development	1 mmol · L^-1 NAA 浸泡15 min 1 mmol · L^-1 NAA dipped for 15 min	ppe-miR393a/b↑ PpTIR1↓ PpIAA13↑ PpACS↑	miR393通过介导IAA信号促进ETH合成以调控果实软化 The microRNA ppe-miR393 mediates auxin-induced peach fruit softening by promoting ethylene production	Ma et al.,2023
	早熟‘早金’李，晚熟‘V9’李 ‘Early Golden’ ‘V98041’ plum	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	—	PsERF2a↑ PsERF4a↑ PsGLP1↑ PsGLP2↑	激活细胞壁的重构，增加果实硬度 Activating the reorganization of the cell wall to increase the firmness of the fruit.	El-Sharkawy et al.,2016
细胞分裂素 Cytokinin	‘海沃德’猕猴桃 ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit	盛花后20 d 20 d after full bloom	10 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施果实 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed in fruits	—	提高果实成熟过程中果糖、葡萄糖含量 Increasing fructose and glucose content during fruit ripening.	Ainalidou et al.,2016
	‘碧玉’猕猴桃 ‘Biyu’ kiwifruit	开花后20 d 20 d after anthesis	5 mg · L^-1 and 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施果实 5 mg · L^-1 and 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed in fruits	AcACC1↓ AcSDR↓ AcGGDR↑ AcCCD4↑	降低果实硬度、呼吸速率、脂肪酸衍生挥发物含量，增加贮藏过程TSS、糖类、萜类化合物含量 Fruit firmness，respiration rate，and FA-VOCs content were reduced，and TSS，sugars，and terpenoids content were increased during storage	Wan et al.,2023
脱落酸 Abscisic acid	油棕 Oil palm	授粉后16周 16 weeks after pollination	20 μmol ·L^-1 ABA喷施 20 μmol ·L^-1 ABA sprayed	EgFAD2↑	影响脂肪酸的组成，尤其是亚油酸的积累 Influencing the composition of fatty acids，particularly the accumulation of linoleic acid.	Shi et al.,2021
	越橘 Bilberry	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.5、2 mmol ·L^-1 ABA喷施 0.5 and 2 mmol ·L^-1 ABA sprayed	—	促进花青素的生物合成和积累 Promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation	Karppinen et al.,2018
	‘第一巨人’樱桃 ‘Prime Giant’ sweet cherry	开花后35 d 35 days after full bloom	10^-5 mol ·L^-1 ABA 喷洒外果皮 10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA spray the exocarp of cherry fruit	PavVTE5↑ PavVTE6↑ PavHPPD↑	促进叶绿素的降解，和维生素E的积累 Promoting chlorophyll degradation and vitamin E accumulation.	Muñoz et al.,2024
		成熟前 Ripening onset	10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA 喷施 10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	—	促进叶绿醇循环酶的转录，有助于维生素E的生物合成 Promoting the transcription of chlorophyll cycle enzymes and contributes to vitamin E biosynthesis	Muñoz et al.,2024
	‘红富士’苹果 ‘Red Delicious’ apple	成熟期 Mature	10，20，50 μmol · L^-1 ABA喷施 10，20，and 50 μmol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	MdSUT2↑ MdAREB2↑	促进可溶性糖的积累，增加糖转运蛋白基因的表达 Promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars and increasing the expression of sugar transporter protein genes	Ma et al.,2017
	甜樱桃 Sweet cherry	浅绿阶段 Small green period	0.2 mmol · L^-1 ABA 喷施 0.2 mmol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	PavDof6↑ PavARF8↓ PavDof2/15↓	通过影响细胞壁修饰基因的表达，调控软化进程 Affecting the expression of cell wall modification genes to regulate softening process	Zhai et al.,2022
	枸杞 Goji Berry	成熟期 Mature	—	LrCHS↑ LrCHI↑ LrF3H↑ LrDFR↑ LrANS↑ LrUF3GT↑	上调黄酮类生物合成，促进花青素生成 Upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis，promoting anthocyanin production	Li et al.,2019
	‘金秋红蜜’桃 ‘Jinqiu Hongmi’ peach	收获期 Harvest	100 μmol · L^-1 ABA浸泡10 min 100 μmol · L^-1 ABA dipped for 10 min	—	增加蔗糖合成酶活性，降低酸转化酶活性 Increasing the activities of sucrose synthase，reducing the activity of acid invertase	Zhao et al.,2022
乙烯 Ethylene	伦晚脐橙 Lane Late Navel orange	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	1000 mg L^-1 ETH浸泡 1000 mg · L^-1 ETH immersed	CsERF061↑ CsLCYb2↑	促进类胡萝卜素积累 Promoting the accumulation of carotenoids	Zhu et al.,2021
	榧 Torreya grandis	收获期 Harvest	3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH密闭24 h 3 000 μL · L^-1 sealed for 24 h	TgGOGAT↑TgAATC↑ TgGS↓ TgGAD↓ TgASNS↓	促进鲜味活性氨基酸的增加，提高收获后的坚果品质 Promoting umami taste-active amino acids and improve nut quality post-harvest	Zhang et al.,2023b
			4 000 mg · kg^-1 ETH处理 4 000 mg · kg^-1 ethylene treatment	TgAOX↑ TgVTE6↑	促进维生素B₃的生物合成Promoting the biosynthesis of vitamin B₃	Suo et al.,2022
	‘湖景蜜露’桃 ‘Hujingmilu’ peach	收获期 Harvest	500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP 密闭12 h 500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 12 h	PpPG1/2↓ PpPME1/2↓ PpPEL1/2↓	减少果胶降解，延缓果实软化 Delaying pectin degradation，slowing fruit softening	Zheng et al.,2023
	‘红星’苹果 ‘Starkrimson’ apple	收获前 Pre-harvest	300 mg · L^-1 1-MCP喷洒 300 mg · L^-1 1-MCP sprayed	MdSPS↓ MdAINV↓ MdCWINV↓ MdAMY↓	抑制淀粉降解，延缓果实储存前期可溶性糖增加 Inhibiting starch degradation delays the increase of soluble sugars during early storage in fruits	Sun et al.,2021
	‘红富士’苹果 ‘Red Delicious’ apple	成熟初期 Early maturity	500 mg · L^-1 ETH浸泡1 min 500 mg · L^-1 ETH immersed for 1 min	MdMYB1↑ MdDFR↑ MdUFGT↑	上调花青素结构和调控基因，促进果实花青素的积累 Up-regulate the structure and regulatory genes of anthocyanins，promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins in fruits.	An et al.,2018
	‘金冠’苹果 ‘Golden Delicious’ apple	成熟期 Mature	0.5 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭24 h 0.5 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 24 h	MdRCCR2↓ MdNYC1↓ MdNYC3↓ MdNOL2↓	延缓叶绿素的降解 Delaying chlorophyll degradation	Lü et al. 2020
	‘翡翠’‘京白’梨 ‘Emerald’ ‘Jingbai’pear	成熟期 Mature	1 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭24 h 1 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 24 h	PbPAO↓ PbNYC↓ PbNOL↓ PbSGR1	延缓叶绿素的降解 Delaying chlorophyll degradation	Cheng et al.,2012
	‘青尼’榴莲 ‘Chanee’ durian	成熟期 Mature	500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭12 h 500 μL · L^-11-MCP sealed for 12 h	DzZDS↓ DzLCYB↓ DzCYCB↓ DzBCH↓	延缓β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素的积累 Delaying the increase in the accumulation of β-carotene，α- carotene，and zeaxanthin	Wisutiamonkul et al.,2017
	‘奥尼尔’蓝莓 ‘O’Neal’ blueberry	成熟期 Mature	0.2% ETH喷洒果实表面5 min 0.2% ETH solution sprayed on fruit for 5 min	VcCCD1↑ VcNCED1/3↑	加速类胡萝卜素降解和ABA生物合成进程 Accelerating the carotenoid degradation and ABA biosynthesis	Li et al.,2024b
	‘华硕’油茶 Camellia oleifera ‘Huashuo’	油脂合成早期 Early stage of oil synthesis	1.5 g · L^-1 ETH处理 1.5 g · L^-1 ETH treated	CoLOX4↑ CoDLAT↑ CoERF113↑	提高可溶性糖的含量，种仁LA、ALA含量相对较高 Increasing the content of soluble sugar，and relatively high content of LA and ALA in the seed kernel	Li et al.,2023a
	‘玉露’桃 ‘Yulu’peach	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	—	PpFAD1/2↑ PpLOX1/4↑ PpAAT↑	内酯类随ETH含量上升而增加 Lactones increase with the rise of ETH content	Zhang et al.,2010
	香榧 Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’	收获期 Harvest	5 mL 3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH 处理 5 mL 3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH treated	TgERF11↑ TgERF1A↑ TgEXP↑ TgPME↑	调节细胞壁修饰基因，加速果壳开裂 Regulating cell wall modification genes to accelerate fruit shell cracking	Gao et al.,2021
	椪柑 Ponkan	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	—	CitVHA-c4↑ CitERF13↑	V-ATPase与ETH相互作用调控柠檬酸积累 ERF-VHA interactions involve in citric acid accumulation	Li et al.， 2016
水杨酸 Salicylic acid	‘王林’苹果 ‘Orin’apple	成熟期 Mature	1 mmol · L^-1 SA 浸泡15 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 15 min	MdACS↓ MdACO↓ MdBam↓ MdGTL↓ MdWRKY↓	抑制ETH合成和淀粉-糖转化 Inhibition of ETH synthesis and starch-glucose transfer	袁瑞敏,2024
	‘泰八号’莲雾 ‘Taaptimjaan’ wax apple	收获前 Preharvest	0.5 mmol · L^-1 SA 处理 0.5 mmol · L^-1 SA treated	—	增强抗氧化物、总酚和总黄酮的含量 Enhance the content of antioxidants，total phenols and total flavonoids	Supapvanich et al.,2017
	‘菲诺’柠檬 ‘Fino’ lemon	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.5 mg · L^-1 SA喷施 0.5 mg · L^-1 SA sprayed	—	提高总抗氧化活性、总酚含量，减少果实重量损失和硬度损失、呼吸速率 Improving total antioxidant activity，total phenolic content，reducing fruit weight loss and firmness loss，respiration rate	Serna-Escolano et al.,2021
	‘粉蓝’兔眼越橘 ‘Powderblue’ rabbiteye blueberry	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	1 mmol · L^-1 SA 浸泡5 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 5 min	VcPEPC↑ VcNAD-MDH↑ VcCS↑ VcNADP-ME↓ VcACL↓ VcACO↓	保持总酸度和总有机酸量在贮藏后期保持不变 Maintaining the total acidity and the amount of total organic acids unchanged during the later stages of storage	Jiang et al.,2022
	‘意波利多’血橙 ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ blood orange	收获期前4周 4 weeks before the harvest	1 mmol · L^-1 SA喷施 1 mmol · L^-1 SA sprayed	—	提高柑橘颜色指数，促进着色 Raising the CCI and promoting coloration	Vithana et al.,2024
	‘海沃德’猕猴桃 ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	1 mmol · L^-1 SA浸泡 5 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 5 min	—	维持细胞结构、促进脯氨酸合成和平衡内源激素含量 Maintaining cell structure，promoting proline synthesis，and balancing endogenous hormone levels	Niu et al.,2024
	‘褔眼’龙眼 ‘Fuyan’ longan	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	0.3 g · L^-1 SA处理 5 min 0.3 g · L^-1 SA treated for 5 min	—	维持较高能荷水平，降低呼吸速率和调节呼吸代谢途径 Maintain a high energy level，reduce respiratory rate and regulate respiratory metabolic pathways	Chen et al.,2020
茉莉酸 Jasmonic acid	M7脐橙 M7 Navel	收获前3周 3 weeks before anticipated harvest	5.0，7.5 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 5.0 or 7.5 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	增加总类胡萝卜素水平和柑橘颜色指数 Increasing total carotenoid levels and CCI	Rehman et al.,2021
	‘阳丰’‘次郎’柿 ‘Yoho’ ‘Jiro’ persimmon	收获前4周 4 weeks before anticipated harvest	6 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 6 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	降低叶绿素含量，类胡萝卜素的积累增加 Decreasing chlorophyll content and increasing carotenoid accumulation	Hasan et al.,2024
	‘湖景蜜露’水蜜桃 ‘Hujingmilu’ melting flesh peach	收获期 Harvest	MeJA处理 MeJA treatment	—	增加倍半萜类化合物α-金合欢烯含量 Increasing the content of the sesquiterpenoid α-caryophyllene	Liu et al.,2017a
	‘夏黑’葡萄 ‘Summer Black’ grape	转色期 Color veraison	50 mg · L^-1 MeJA喷施果穗 50 mg · L^-1 MeJA spraying on fruit ears	VvPAL↑ VvCHS↑ VvCHI↑ VvF3′H↑ VvANS↑ VvUFGT↑ VvMYBA↑	提高葡萄糖、果糖含量；降低苹果酸和酒石酸含量，提升柠檬酸含量；提高总花色苷含量 Increasing glucose and fructose content；decreasing malic and tartaric acid content and elevating citric acid content；increasing total anthocyanin content	罗元佑,2024
	‘秋福’红树莓 ‘Autumn Bliss’ raspberrie	白色阶段 White stage （without blush） with small drupelets	100 μmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 100 μmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	RiDFR↑ RiMYB10↑ RiANS↑	提高花青素含量 Increasing anthocyanin content	Moro et al.,2017
	‘意波利多’血橙 ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ blood orange	收获期前4周 4 weeks before the harvest	3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	增加花青素和类黄酮含量 Increasing anthocyanin and flavonoid content	Vithana et al.,2024
	‘南果’梨 ‘Nanguo’ pear	—	3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA浸泡5min 3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA dipped for 5 min	—	改善果实的香气 Improving the aroma of the fruit	Wu et al.,2023b
	‘映霜红’‘雨花露’桃 ‘Yingshuang- hong’ ‘Yuhualu’ peach	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	10 mol · L^-1 MeJA密闭 24 h 10 mol · L^-1 MeJA vapour in sealed containers for 24 h	PpLOX↑ PpAOS↑ PpAOC↑ PpACOX↑ PpFadA↑	激活α-亚麻酸代谢和JA信号通路 Activating α-linolenic acid metabolism and JA signaling pathway	Huan et al.,2022
	‘菲诺’柠檬 ‘Fino’lemon	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.1 mg · L^-1 MeJA喷施果树 0.1 mg · L^-1 MeJA sprayed on fruit tree	—	提高总酚含量，减少呼吸速率和乙烯含量 Improving total phenolic content，reducing respiration rate and ethylene content，maintain a high level of sugar	Serna-Escolano et al.,2021
油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	‘冰莹’车厘子 ‘Bing’ cherries	稻色期 Straw color	10 mg · L^-1 HBR喷施 10 mg · L^-1 HBR sprayed	—	增加花青素含量 Increasing anthocyanin content	Li et al.,2020
	‘凯特’杧果 ‘Kensington Pride’ mango	硬熟绿色 Hard mature	45 ng · g^-1 EBR处理 45 ng · g^-1 EBR treatment	—	促进果实颜色形成和软化并加速果实成熟 Fruit color formation and softening are promoted，and fruit ripening is accelerated	Zaharah et al.,2012
	‘红娘’桃 ‘Hongniang’ peach	收获后 Post-harvest	10 mmol · L^-1 BR处理 10 mmol · L^-1 BR treated	PpBES1↓ PpPME3↓ PpPG↓ PpARF2↓ PpGAL2/16↓	通过抑制果胶降解酶基因延缓果实软化 Retardation of peach fruit softening by inhibition of pectin-degrading enzyme genes	Li et al.,2023b
	‘富平尖柿’ ‘Fupingjianshi’persimmon	收获期 Harvest	10 μmol L^-1 EBR浸泡0.5 h 10 μmol L^-1 EBR dipped for 0.5 h	DkBZR1↓ DkEGase1↑ DkACS1↑ DkBZR2↑ DkPL1↑ DkACO2↑	促进细胞壁降解、果胶分解和乙烯产生，加速果实成熟 Promoting cell wall degradation，pectin disassembly，ethylene production，and accelerating fruit ripening	He et al.,2021
	‘白凤’桃 ‘Baifeng’ peach	收获后 Post-harvest	15 μmol · L^-1 EBR处理 15 μmol · L^-1 EBR treated	PpGATA12↑ PpSS↑ PpNI↑	促进蔗糖和己糖的积累 Increasing the accumulation of sucrose and hexoses	Hu et al.,2023
	番石榴 Guava	商业成熟期 Maturity	60 μg · kg^-1 EBR浸泡 60 μg · kg^-1 EBR dipped	—	增加总酚类、抗坏血酸、总黄酮含量 Increasing the content of total phenolics，ascorbic acid，total flavonoids	Menaka et al.,2024
	‘香蜜’杨桃 ‘Xiangmi’ carambola	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	6 μmol · L^-1BR浸泡10 min 6 μmol · L^-1BR immersed for 10 min	—	提高酚类含量，保护细胞膜的完整性，保持果皮颜色和硬度 Increasing the content of phenolic compounds，protecting the integrity of cell membranes，maintaining the color and the firmness of the flesh	Duan et al.,2022
多胺 Polyamine	‘赛买提’杏 ‘Saimaiti’ apricot	青熟期 Mature green	0.1 mmol · L^-1 SPD喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 SPD sprayed	—	延缓果实硬度的下降 Delaying the decline in fruit firmness	Wang et al.,2019a
			0.1 mmol · L^-1 D-Arg喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 D-Arg sprayed	—	抑制PA合成可增加ETH相关酶的活性 Inhibition of polyamine synthesis，increase the activity of ethylene related enzymes	Wang et al.,2019a
	‘B10’杨桃 ‘B10’ carambola	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	2.0 mmol · L^-1 PUT浸泡5 min 2.0 mmol · L^-1 PUT dipped for 5 min	—	减少重量损失，保持果皮颜色，保持较高的硬度，降低呼吸速率和乙烯释放 Reducing weight loss，maintaining peel color，preserving higher firmness，and lowering respiration rate and ethylene release	Ahmad & Ali,2019
独脚金内酯 Strigolactone	‘巴贝拉’葡萄 ‘Barbera’ grape	成熟初期 Early maturity	10^-5 mol · L^-1 GR24，200 μmol · L^-1 ABA 培养皿培养 10^-5 mol · L^-1 GR24 and 200 μmol · L^-1 ABA in petri dishes	—	降低内源ABA，延缓花青素的积累 Reducing endogenous ABA content and delaying anthocyanin accumulation	Ferrero et al.,2018
独脚金内酯 Strigolactone	‘妃子笑’荔枝 ‘Feizixiao’ litchi	收获期 Harvest	0.1 μmol · L^-1 GR24处理0.1 μmol · L^-1 GR24 treatment	—	提高抗氧化物、酚类、黄酮类活性化合物含量，提高果实品质 Enhancing the content of antioxidants，phenolic，and flavonoid active compounds to improve fruit quality	Liu et al.,2024b

激素 Hormone	物种（品种） Species（Cultivar）	处理时期 Stage	处理方式 Treatment	基因表达 Gene expression	主要调控作用 Major regulatory effect	参考文献 Reference
赤霉素Gibberellic acid	元宝枫 Shantung Maple	开花期 Anthesis	200 mg · L^-1 GA喷施 200 mg · L^-1 GA sprayed on flowers	—	提高果实可溶性糖含量 Increasing fruit soluble sugar content	刘晓玲,2021
	‘太秋’‘富有’‘阳丰’ ‘次郎’柿 ‘Taishuu’ ‘Soshuu’ ‘Yoho’ ‘Jiro’ persimmon	开花后4周 4 weeks after flowering	300 mg · L^-1 GA₃喷洒，每2周一次 300 mg · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed，every 2 weeks	DkNAC24↓ DkERF38↓ DkMYB22↓ DkGGPS1↓ DkLHT1↓ DkFBA1↑	抑制类胡萝卜素合成、乙烯前体的外向运输以及果糖、葡萄糖的消耗 It inhibits carotenoid synthesis，outward transport of ethylene precursors，and consumption of fructose and glucose	Wu et al.,2023a
	‘红阳’猕猴桃 ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit	收获后 Post-harvest	0.3 g · L^-1 GA₃ 喷施 0.3 g · L^-1 GA₃ sprayed	—	抑制淀粉、细胞壁降解和ETH、酯类的产生 It inhibits starch，cell wall degradation and the production of ETH and esters	Yang et al.,2023
生长素 Auxin	‘秋福’红树莓 ‘Autumn Bliss’ raspberry	白色阶段 White stage (without blush) with small drupelets	100 μmol · L^-1 IAA喷施 100 μmol · L^-1 IAA sprayed	RiMYB10↓ RiANS↓	花青素和总酚含量低于对照组 The anthocyanin and the total phenolic contents were lower than the control group	Moro et al.,2017
	红肉苹果 Red-fleshed apple	—	5 ~ 40 μmol · L^-1 NAA的MS培养基培养愈伤组织 Cultivation of red apple callus on MS medium with 5-40 μmol · L^-1 NAA	MdIAA121↓MdARF13↑ MdMYB10↓ MdDFR↓	随着NAA浓度增加会抑制花青素的积累 Increasing NAA concentration inhibits anthocyanin accumulation	Wang et al.,2018
	水蜜桃 Melting peach	发育期 Development	1 mmol · L^-1 NAA 浸泡15 min 1 mmol · L^-1 NAA dipped for 15 min	ppe-miR393a/b↑ PpTIR1↓ PpIAA13↑ PpACS↑	miR393通过介导IAA信号促进ETH合成以调控果实软化 The microRNA ppe-miR393 mediates auxin-induced peach fruit softening by promoting ethylene production	Ma et al.,2023
	早熟‘早金’李，晚熟‘V9’李 ‘Early Golden’ ‘V98041’ plum	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	—	PsERF2a↑ PsERF4a↑ PsGLP1↑ PsGLP2↑	激活细胞壁的重构，增加果实硬度 Activating the reorganization of the cell wall to increase the firmness of the fruit.	El-Sharkawy et al.,2016
细胞分裂素 Cytokinin	‘海沃德’猕猴桃 ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit	盛花后20 d 20 d after full bloom	10 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施果实 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed in fruits	—	提高果实成熟过程中果糖、葡萄糖含量 Increasing fructose and glucose content during fruit ripening.	Ainalidou et al.,2016
	‘碧玉’猕猴桃 ‘Biyu’ kiwifruit	开花后20 d 20 d after anthesis	5 mg · L^-1 and 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU喷施果实 5 mg · L^-1 and 10 mg · L^-1 CPPU sprayed in fruits	AcACC1↓ AcSDR↓ AcGGDR↑ AcCCD4↑	降低果实硬度、呼吸速率、脂肪酸衍生挥发物含量，增加贮藏过程TSS、糖类、萜类化合物含量 Fruit firmness，respiration rate，and FA-VOCs content were reduced，and TSS，sugars，and terpenoids content were increased during storage	Wan et al.,2023
脱落酸 Abscisic acid	油棕 Oil palm	授粉后16周 16 weeks after pollination	20 μmol ·L^-1 ABA喷施 20 μmol ·L^-1 ABA sprayed	EgFAD2↑	影响脂肪酸的组成，尤其是亚油酸的积累 Influencing the composition of fatty acids，particularly the accumulation of linoleic acid.	Shi et al.,2021
	越橘 Bilberry	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.5、2 mmol ·L^-1 ABA喷施 0.5 and 2 mmol ·L^-1 ABA sprayed	—	促进花青素的生物合成和积累 Promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation	Karppinen et al.,2018
	‘第一巨人’樱桃 ‘Prime Giant’ sweet cherry	开花后35 d 35 days after full bloom	10^-5 mol ·L^-1 ABA 喷洒外果皮 10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA spray the exocarp of cherry fruit	PavVTE5↑ PavVTE6↑ PavHPPD↑	促进叶绿素的降解，和维生素E的积累 Promoting chlorophyll degradation and vitamin E accumulation.	Muñoz et al.,2024
		成熟前 Ripening onset	10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA 喷施 10^-5 mol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	—	促进叶绿醇循环酶的转录，有助于维生素E的生物合成 Promoting the transcription of chlorophyll cycle enzymes and contributes to vitamin E biosynthesis	Muñoz et al.,2024
	‘红富士’苹果 ‘Red Delicious’ apple	成熟期 Mature	10，20，50 μmol · L^-1 ABA喷施 10，20，and 50 μmol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	MdSUT2↑ MdAREB2↑	促进可溶性糖的积累，增加糖转运蛋白基因的表达 Promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars and increasing the expression of sugar transporter protein genes	Ma et al.,2017
	甜樱桃 Sweet cherry	浅绿阶段 Small green period	0.2 mmol · L^-1 ABA 喷施 0.2 mmol · L^-1 ABA sprayed	PavDof6↑ PavARF8↓ PavDof2/15↓	通过影响细胞壁修饰基因的表达，调控软化进程 Affecting the expression of cell wall modification genes to regulate softening process	Zhai et al.,2022
	枸杞 Goji Berry	成熟期 Mature	—	LrCHS↑ LrCHI↑ LrF3H↑ LrDFR↑ LrANS↑ LrUF3GT↑	上调黄酮类生物合成，促进花青素生成 Upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis，promoting anthocyanin production	Li et al.,2019
	‘金秋红蜜’桃 ‘Jinqiu Hongmi’ peach	收获期 Harvest	100 μmol · L^-1 ABA浸泡10 min 100 μmol · L^-1 ABA dipped for 10 min	—	增加蔗糖合成酶活性，降低酸转化酶活性 Increasing the activities of sucrose synthase，reducing the activity of acid invertase	Zhao et al.,2022
乙烯 Ethylene	伦晚脐橙 Lane Late Navel orange	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	1000 mg L^-1 ETH浸泡 1000 mg · L^-1 ETH immersed	CsERF061↑ CsLCYb2↑	促进类胡萝卜素积累 Promoting the accumulation of carotenoids	Zhu et al.,2021
	榧 Torreya grandis	收获期 Harvest	3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH密闭24 h 3 000 μL · L^-1 sealed for 24 h	TgGOGAT↑TgAATC↑ TgGS↓ TgGAD↓ TgASNS↓	促进鲜味活性氨基酸的增加，提高收获后的坚果品质 Promoting umami taste-active amino acids and improve nut quality post-harvest	Zhang et al.,2023b
			4 000 mg · kg^-1 ETH处理 4 000 mg · kg^-1 ethylene treatment	TgAOX↑ TgVTE6↑	促进维生素B₃的生物合成Promoting the biosynthesis of vitamin B₃	Suo et al.,2022
	‘湖景蜜露’桃 ‘Hujingmilu’ peach	收获期 Harvest	500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP 密闭12 h 500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 12 h	PpPG1/2↓ PpPME1/2↓ PpPEL1/2↓	减少果胶降解，延缓果实软化 Delaying pectin degradation，slowing fruit softening	Zheng et al.,2023
	‘红星’苹果 ‘Starkrimson’ apple	收获前 Pre-harvest	300 mg · L^-1 1-MCP喷洒 300 mg · L^-1 1-MCP sprayed	MdSPS↓ MdAINV↓ MdCWINV↓ MdAMY↓	抑制淀粉降解，延缓果实储存前期可溶性糖增加 Inhibiting starch degradation delays the increase of soluble sugars during early storage in fruits	Sun et al.,2021
	‘红富士’苹果 ‘Red Delicious’ apple	成熟初期 Early maturity	500 mg · L^-1 ETH浸泡1 min 500 mg · L^-1 ETH immersed for 1 min	MdMYB1↑ MdDFR↑ MdUFGT↑	上调花青素结构和调控基因，促进果实花青素的积累 Up-regulate the structure and regulatory genes of anthocyanins，promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins in fruits.	An et al.,2018
	‘金冠’苹果 ‘Golden Delicious’ apple	成熟期 Mature	0.5 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭24 h 0.5 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 24 h	MdRCCR2↓ MdNYC1↓ MdNYC3↓ MdNOL2↓	延缓叶绿素的降解 Delaying chlorophyll degradation	Lü et al. 2020
	‘翡翠’‘京白’梨 ‘Emerald’ ‘Jingbai’pear	成熟期 Mature	1 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭24 h 1 μL · L^-1 1-MCP sealed for 24 h	PbPAO↓ PbNYC↓ PbNOL↓ PbSGR1	延缓叶绿素的降解 Delaying chlorophyll degradation	Cheng et al.,2012
	‘青尼’榴莲 ‘Chanee’ durian	成熟期 Mature	500 μL · L^-1 1-MCP密闭12 h 500 μL · L^-11-MCP sealed for 12 h	DzZDS↓ DzLCYB↓ DzCYCB↓ DzBCH↓	延缓β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素的积累 Delaying the increase in the accumulation of β-carotene，α- carotene，and zeaxanthin	Wisutiamonkul et al.,2017
	‘奥尼尔’蓝莓 ‘O’Neal’ blueberry	成熟期 Mature	0.2% ETH喷洒果实表面5 min 0.2% ETH solution sprayed on fruit for 5 min	VcCCD1↑ VcNCED1/3↑	加速类胡萝卜素降解和ABA生物合成进程 Accelerating the carotenoid degradation and ABA biosynthesis	Li et al.,2024b
	‘华硕’油茶 Camellia oleifera ‘Huashuo’	油脂合成早期 Early stage of oil synthesis	1.5 g · L^-1 ETH处理 1.5 g · L^-1 ETH treated	CoLOX4↑ CoDLAT↑ CoERF113↑	提高可溶性糖的含量，种仁LA、ALA含量相对较高 Increasing the content of soluble sugar，and relatively high content of LA and ALA in the seed kernel	Li et al.,2023a
	‘玉露’桃 ‘Yulu’peach	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	—	PpFAD1/2↑ PpLOX1/4↑ PpAAT↑	内酯类随ETH含量上升而增加 Lactones increase with the rise of ETH content	Zhang et al.,2010
	香榧 Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’	收获期 Harvest	5 mL 3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH 处理 5 mL 3 000 μL · L^-1 ETH treated	TgERF11↑ TgERF1A↑ TgEXP↑ TgPME↑	调节细胞壁修饰基因，加速果壳开裂 Regulating cell wall modification genes to accelerate fruit shell cracking	Gao et al.,2021
	椪柑 Ponkan	不同发育阶段 Developmental stages	—	CitVHA-c4↑ CitERF13↑	V-ATPase与ETH相互作用调控柠檬酸积累 ERF-VHA interactions involve in citric acid accumulation	Li et al.， 2016
水杨酸 Salicylic acid	‘王林’苹果 ‘Orin’apple	成熟期 Mature	1 mmol · L^-1 SA 浸泡15 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 15 min	MdACS↓ MdACO↓ MdBam↓ MdGTL↓ MdWRKY↓	抑制ETH合成和淀粉-糖转化 Inhibition of ETH synthesis and starch-glucose transfer	袁瑞敏,2024
	‘泰八号’莲雾 ‘Taaptimjaan’ wax apple	收获前 Preharvest	0.5 mmol · L^-1 SA 处理 0.5 mmol · L^-1 SA treated	—	增强抗氧化物、总酚和总黄酮的含量 Enhance the content of antioxidants，total phenols and total flavonoids	Supapvanich et al.,2017
	‘菲诺’柠檬 ‘Fino’ lemon	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.5 mg · L^-1 SA喷施 0.5 mg · L^-1 SA sprayed	—	提高总抗氧化活性、总酚含量，减少果实重量损失和硬度损失、呼吸速率 Improving total antioxidant activity，total phenolic content，reducing fruit weight loss and firmness loss，respiration rate	Serna-Escolano et al.,2021
	‘粉蓝’兔眼越橘 ‘Powderblue’ rabbiteye blueberry	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	1 mmol · L^-1 SA 浸泡5 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 5 min	VcPEPC↑ VcNAD-MDH↑ VcCS↑ VcNADP-ME↓ VcACL↓ VcACO↓	保持总酸度和总有机酸量在贮藏后期保持不变 Maintaining the total acidity and the amount of total organic acids unchanged during the later stages of storage	Jiang et al.,2022
	‘意波利多’血橙 ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ blood orange	收获期前4周 4 weeks before the harvest	1 mmol · L^-1 SA喷施 1 mmol · L^-1 SA sprayed	—	提高柑橘颜色指数，促进着色 Raising the CCI and promoting coloration	Vithana et al.,2024
	‘海沃德’猕猴桃 ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	1 mmol · L^-1 SA浸泡 5 min 1 mmol · L^-1 SA immersed for 5 min	—	维持细胞结构、促进脯氨酸合成和平衡内源激素含量 Maintaining cell structure，promoting proline synthesis，and balancing endogenous hormone levels	Niu et al.,2024
	‘褔眼’龙眼 ‘Fuyan’ longan	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	0.3 g · L^-1 SA处理 5 min 0.3 g · L^-1 SA treated for 5 min	—	维持较高能荷水平，降低呼吸速率和调节呼吸代谢途径 Maintain a high energy level，reduce respiratory rate and regulate respiratory metabolic pathways	Chen et al.,2020
茉莉酸 Jasmonic acid	M7脐橙 M7 Navel	收获前3周 3 weeks before anticipated harvest	5.0，7.5 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 5.0 or 7.5 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	增加总类胡萝卜素水平和柑橘颜色指数 Increasing total carotenoid levels and CCI	Rehman et al.,2021
	‘阳丰’‘次郎’柿 ‘Yoho’ ‘Jiro’ persimmon	收获前4周 4 weeks before anticipated harvest	6 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 6 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	降低叶绿素含量，类胡萝卜素的积累增加 Decreasing chlorophyll content and increasing carotenoid accumulation	Hasan et al.,2024
	‘湖景蜜露’水蜜桃 ‘Hujingmilu’ melting flesh peach	收获期 Harvest	MeJA处理 MeJA treatment	—	增加倍半萜类化合物α-金合欢烯含量 Increasing the content of the sesquiterpenoid α-caryophyllene	Liu et al.,2017a
	‘夏黑’葡萄 ‘Summer Black’ grape	转色期 Color veraison	50 mg · L^-1 MeJA喷施果穗 50 mg · L^-1 MeJA spraying on fruit ears	VvPAL↑ VvCHS↑ VvCHI↑ VvF3′H↑ VvANS↑ VvUFGT↑ VvMYBA↑	提高葡萄糖、果糖含量；降低苹果酸和酒石酸含量，提升柠檬酸含量；提高总花色苷含量 Increasing glucose and fructose content；decreasing malic and tartaric acid content and elevating citric acid content；increasing total anthocyanin content	罗元佑,2024
	‘秋福’红树莓 ‘Autumn Bliss’ raspberrie	白色阶段 White stage （without blush） with small drupelets	100 μmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 100 μmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	RiDFR↑ RiMYB10↑ RiANS↑	提高花青素含量 Increasing anthocyanin content	Moro et al.,2017
	‘意波利多’血橙 ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ blood orange	收获期前4周 4 weeks before the harvest	3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA喷施 3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA sprayed	—	增加花青素和类黄酮含量 Increasing anthocyanin and flavonoid content	Vithana et al.,2024
	‘南果’梨 ‘Nanguo’ pear	—	3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA浸泡5min 3 mmol · L^-1 MeJA dipped for 5 min	—	改善果实的香气 Improving the aroma of the fruit	Wu et al.,2023b
	‘映霜红’‘雨花露’桃 ‘Yingshuang- hong’ ‘Yuhualu’ peach	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	10 mol · L^-1 MeJA密闭 24 h 10 mol · L^-1 MeJA vapour in sealed containers for 24 h	PpLOX↑ PpAOS↑ PpAOC↑ PpACOX↑ PpFadA↑	激活α-亚麻酸代谢和JA信号通路 Activating α-linolenic acid metabolism and JA signaling pathway	Huan et al.,2022
	‘菲诺’柠檬 ‘Fino’lemon	收获前 Pre-harvest	0.1 mg · L^-1 MeJA喷施果树 0.1 mg · L^-1 MeJA sprayed on fruit tree	—	提高总酚含量，减少呼吸速率和乙烯含量 Improving total phenolic content，reducing respiration rate and ethylene content，maintain a high level of sugar	Serna-Escolano et al.,2021
油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	‘冰莹’车厘子 ‘Bing’ cherries	稻色期 Straw color	10 mg · L^-1 HBR喷施 10 mg · L^-1 HBR sprayed	—	增加花青素含量 Increasing anthocyanin content	Li et al.,2020
	‘凯特’杧果 ‘Kensington Pride’ mango	硬熟绿色 Hard mature	45 ng · g^-1 EBR处理 45 ng · g^-1 EBR treatment	—	促进果实颜色形成和软化并加速果实成熟 Fruit color formation and softening are promoted，and fruit ripening is accelerated	Zaharah et al.,2012
	‘红娘’桃 ‘Hongniang’ peach	收获后 Post-harvest	10 mmol · L^-1 BR处理 10 mmol · L^-1 BR treated	PpBES1↓ PpPME3↓ PpPG↓ PpARF2↓ PpGAL2/16↓	通过抑制果胶降解酶基因延缓果实软化 Retardation of peach fruit softening by inhibition of pectin-degrading enzyme genes	Li et al.,2023b
	‘富平尖柿’ ‘Fupingjianshi’persimmon	收获期 Harvest	10 μmol L^-1 EBR浸泡0.5 h 10 μmol L^-1 EBR dipped for 0.5 h	DkBZR1↓ DkEGase1↑ DkACS1↑ DkBZR2↑ DkPL1↑ DkACO2↑	促进细胞壁降解、果胶分解和乙烯产生，加速果实成熟 Promoting cell wall degradation，pectin disassembly，ethylene production，and accelerating fruit ripening	He et al.,2021
	‘白凤’桃 ‘Baifeng’ peach	收获后 Post-harvest	15 μmol · L^-1 EBR处理 15 μmol · L^-1 EBR treated	PpGATA12↑ PpSS↑ PpNI↑	促进蔗糖和己糖的积累 Increasing the accumulation of sucrose and hexoses	Hu et al.,2023
	番石榴 Guava	商业成熟期 Maturity	60 μg · kg^-1 EBR浸泡 60 μg · kg^-1 EBR dipped	—	增加总酚类、抗坏血酸、总黄酮含量 Increasing the content of total phenolics，ascorbic acid，total flavonoids	Menaka et al.,2024
	‘香蜜’杨桃 ‘Xiangmi’ carambola	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	6 μmol · L^-1BR浸泡10 min 6 μmol · L^-1BR immersed for 10 min	—	提高酚类含量，保护细胞膜的完整性，保持果皮颜色和硬度 Increasing the content of phenolic compounds，protecting the integrity of cell membranes，maintaining the color and the firmness of the flesh	Duan et al.,2022
多胺 Polyamine	‘赛买提’杏 ‘Saimaiti’ apricot	青熟期 Mature green	0.1 mmol · L^-1 SPD喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 SPD sprayed	—	延缓果实硬度的下降 Delaying the decline in fruit firmness	Wang et al.,2019a
			0.1 mmol · L^-1 D-Arg喷施 0.1 mmol · L^-1 D-Arg sprayed	—	抑制PA合成可增加ETH相关酶的活性 Inhibition of polyamine synthesis，increase the activity of ethylene related enzymes	Wang et al.,2019a
	‘B10’杨桃 ‘B10’ carambola	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity	2.0 mmol · L^-1 PUT浸泡5 min 2.0 mmol · L^-1 PUT dipped for 5 min	—	减少重量损失，保持果皮颜色，保持较高的硬度，降低呼吸速率和乙烯释放 Reducing weight loss，maintaining peel color，preserving higher firmness，and lowering respiration rate and ethylene release	Ahmad & Ali,2019
独脚金内酯 Strigolactone	‘巴贝拉’葡萄 ‘Barbera’ grape	成熟初期 Early maturity	10^-5 mol · L^-1 GR24，200 μmol · L^-1 ABA 培养皿培养 10^-5 mol · L^-1 GR24 and 200 μmol · L^-1 ABA in petri dishes	—	降低内源ABA，延缓花青素的积累 Reducing endogenous ABA content and delaying anthocyanin accumulation	Ferrero et al.,2018
独脚金内酯 Strigolactone	‘妃子笑’荔枝 ‘Feizixiao’ litchi	收获期 Harvest	0.1 μmol · L^-1 GR24处理0.1 μmol · L^-1 GR24 treatment	—	提高抗氧化物、酚类、黄酮类活性化合物含量，提高果实品质 Enhancing the content of antioxidants，phenolic，and flavonoid active compounds to improve fruit quality	Liu et al.,2024b

Research Progress on The Regulation and Application of Plant Hormone in Woody Plant Fruit Development and Quality Formation

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