Abstract: Although rain-shelter cultivation is getting more attentions in horticulture crops production，its effect on formation of volatile compounds remains unclear. In present study，fruits of cultivar‘Yulu’（Prunus persica L. Batsch‘Yulu’）were grown under rain-shelter and open field as the control，and the fruit were harvested at different maturity stages. Real-time data indicated that rain-shelter treatment significantly reduced soil relative humidity and light transmission，but no significant changes were found for air temperature，relative humidity and soil temperature eleven classes of volatiles wereidentified in peach fruit by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques，including C6 compounds，aldehydes，alcohols，esters，lactones，terpenes，terpenoids，phenylpropanoids and others. Peach fruit treated with rain-shelter cultivation could be clearly distinguished from the controls by partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS–DA），being consist with results produced by electronic nose analysis. Eighteen volatile compounds that contributing to differences in volatile compositions between rain-shelter cultivation and open field fruit were identified based on variable importance in projection（VIP）value. Peach fruit treated with rain-shelter produced higher contents of “green note”C6 alcohols such as（Z）-3-hexenol and（E）-2-hexenol，and lower concentrations of“fruity note”γ-Undecanolactone，γ-Decalactone and（Z）-3-Hexenyl acetate.

Key words: peach, rain-shelter cultivation, volatile compounds, PLS–DA