Abstract: In this paper the wall degradation hypotonic method was used to prepare mitotic chromosome sample of 21 materials（16 species，4 varieties，1 interspecific hybrid）of Eriobotrya and 1 closed genus of Eriobotrya[Rhaphiolepis indica（L.）Lindl.]. The results indicated that the chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 34 in all the materials，and the karyotypes of Eriobotrya and Rhaphiolepis indica consist of three kinds of chromosome：m，sm，and st（only in E. cavaleriei Rehd）. The karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 34 =（16 to 24）m +（10 to 18）sm（+ 2st）for all materials. According to the karyotype data，it can be concluded that the karyotypes of 21 Eriobotrya materials belongs to Stebbins’2A，which is a symmetrical karyotype. According to the karyotype formula we preliminarily classified these Eriobotrya materials into 5 groups. The asymmetry increased gradually from the first group to the fifth group，which indicated the systematic evolution among groups is more and more advanced.

Key words: Eriobotrya, karyotype analysis, evolution