Abstract: The cross-compatibility between Iris dichotoma and Belamcanda chinensis was studied by capsule-setting，pollen tube behaviors and embryo development after common pollination，and their F₁ hybrids were identified by morphology and cytology. The results showed that the compatibility between I. dichotoma and B. chinensis was good，although there were barriers to a certain degree. The pre-fertilization barriers，when I. dichotoma acted as female parent，was due to the fact that some of the pollen tubes winded the stigma and pollen grains or the pollen grains didn’t germinate，and the capsule setting rate and embryo rate were 48.1% and 69.3%，respectively. The post-fertilization barriers，when B. chinensis acted as female parent，was due to the fact that the embryo disintegrate from micropyle，and the capsule setting rate and embryo rate were 87.9% and 54.3%，respectively. The height，corolla and tiller of the F₁ hybrids were all between their parents. The flowering stage and fruit-setting stage were longer and the leaves were wider than their parents；The rootstalk and flower pattern were similar to I. dichotoma. The color of flowers，the stamen，the style，the fructification and the seeds were quite different from their parents. The chromosome numbers of F₁ and their parents were all 2n = 2x = 32，and the karyotype types were all 1B，the hybrids were conservative in chromosome number and karyotype type comparing with their parents.

Key words: Iris dichotoma, Belamcanda chinensis, intergeneric hybridization, compatibility, hybrid identification