Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba‘Hupingzao’

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0560

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 3157-3166.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0560

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba‘Hupingzao’

GUO Hongyan¹, WU Jinfan¹, XIANG Min¹, JIANG Shaodong¹, ZHAO Ailing²^,^**()

¹ College of Forestry，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu，Shanxi 030801，China
² Pomology Institute，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu，Shanxi 030801，China

Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-10-13 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-20
Contact: ZHAO Ailing

Abstract

Abstract:

Observing sporogenesis and gametogenesis is a fundamental step in revealing the mechanism of embryo abortion in Ziziphus jujuba‘Hupingzao’. The occurrence of megasporogenesis，microsporogenesis as well as the development of female and male gametophyte of‘Hupingzao’were studied by paraffin sectioning technique in this paper. Each anther has four pollen sacs. The anther wall is composed of an epidermis，an endothecium，two middle layers，and a secretory tapetum，and its development type is the basic type. Following meiosis，the microspore mother cells forme tetrahedral tetrads through simultaneous cytokinesis. The mature pollen grains are two-celled with three pollen apertures. The ovule is anatropous，and the ovary is bilocular with one ovule per locule. The megaspore mother cell undergo meiosis to form a linear tetrad along the longitudinal axis. The chalazal megaspore develops into the functional megaspore. The female gametophyte develops through binucleate and four-nucleate embryo sac stages，ultimately formed a mature 7-celled，8-nucleate embryo sac. Embryo sac development is the polygonum type.‘Hupingzao’exhibits dichogamy，with stamens developing earlier than pistils.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, Hupingzao, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, male gametophyte, female gametophyte

GUO Hongyan, WU Jinfan, XIANG Min, JIANG Shaodong, ZHAO Ailing. Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba‘Hupingzao’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(12): 3157-3166.

Figures/Tables 6

References 29

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采样时期/（M-D） Sampling stages	花形态特征 Floral morphology	雄蕊发育阶段 Stamen developmental stage	雌蕊发育阶段 Pistil development stage
05-15—05-16	嫩绿色，纵横比0.87 Light green，aspect ratio 0.87	花药原始体 Anther primordium	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-17—05-18	嫩绿色，纵横比0.86 Light green，aspect ratio 0.86	孢原细胞分裂 Archesporial cell division	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-19—05-20	颜色逐渐加深，纵横比0.88 Color gradually deepened，aspect ratio 0.88	孢原细胞平周分裂 Periclinal division of archesporial cells	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-21—05-22	深绿色，纵横比0.84 Dark green，aspect ratio 0.84	花药壁分化，次生造孢细胞形成 Anther wall differentiation，formation of secondary sporogenous cell	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-23—05-24	深绿色，蕾扁期，纵横比0.82 Dark green，bud stage，aspect ratio 0.82	小孢子母细胞形成 Formation of microspore mother cell	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-25—05-26	深绿色，蕾膨大，纵横比0.79 Dark green，bud enlargement，aspect ratio 0.79	小孢子母细胞减数分裂 Microspore mother cell meiosis	胚珠原基 Ovule primordium
05-27—05-28	深绿色，蕾膨大，纵横比0.75 Dark green，bud enlargement，aspect ratio 0.75	小孢子四分体时期 Microspore tetrad stage	孢原细胞造孢细胞发育 Development of archesporial cells into sporogenous cell
05-29—05-30	深绿色，蕾胖期，纵横比0.79 Dark green，bud fat stage，aspect ratio 0.79	小孢子单核居中期 Microspore monokaryon at central position stage	大孢子母细胞形成 Formation of megaspore mother cells
05-31—06-01	黄绿色，纵横比0.69 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.69	小孢子单核靠边期 Microspore monokaryon at peripheral position stage	二分体—四分体时期 Dyad-tetrad stage
06-02—06-03	黄绿色，纵横比0.74 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.74	二细胞花粉发育期 Two-celled pollen grain development stage	四分体—单核胚囊 Tetrad- uninucleate embryo sac
06-04—06-05	黄绿色，纵横比0.70 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.70	二细胞花粉成熟期 Two-celled pollen grain maturation stage	单核胚囊—二核胚囊 Uninucleate embryo sac- binucleate embryo sac
06-06—06-07	黄色，蕾黄期，部分花开，纵横比0.71 Yellow，bud yellow stage，part of the flower blooming，aspect ratio 0.71	成熟花粉粒形成 Mature pollen grain formation	二核胚囊—四核胚囊 Binucleate embryo sac-four nucleate embryo sac
06-08—06-09	黄色，花开放，纵横比0.76 Yellow，flower open，aspect ratio 0.76	成熟花粉粒，花药部分开裂 Mature pollen grain，partial anther dehiscence	四核胚囊—八核胚囊 Four nucleate embryo sac- eight nucleate embryo sac

采样时期/（M-D） Sampling stages	花形态特征 Floral morphology	雄蕊发育阶段 Stamen developmental stage	雌蕊发育阶段 Pistil development stage
05-15—05-16	嫩绿色，纵横比0.87 Light green，aspect ratio 0.87	花药原始体 Anther primordium	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-17—05-18	嫩绿色，纵横比0.86 Light green，aspect ratio 0.86	孢原细胞分裂 Archesporial cell division	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-19—05-20	颜色逐渐加深，纵横比0.88 Color gradually deepened，aspect ratio 0.88	孢原细胞平周分裂 Periclinal division of archesporial cells	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-21—05-22	深绿色，纵横比0.84 Dark green，aspect ratio 0.84	花药壁分化，次生造孢细胞形成 Anther wall differentiation，formation of secondary sporogenous cell	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-23—05-24	深绿色，蕾扁期，纵横比0.82 Dark green，bud stage，aspect ratio 0.82	小孢子母细胞形成 Formation of microspore mother cell	未分化 Undifferentiation
05-25—05-26	深绿色，蕾膨大，纵横比0.79 Dark green，bud enlargement，aspect ratio 0.79	小孢子母细胞减数分裂 Microspore mother cell meiosis	胚珠原基 Ovule primordium
05-27—05-28	深绿色，蕾膨大，纵横比0.75 Dark green，bud enlargement，aspect ratio 0.75	小孢子四分体时期 Microspore tetrad stage	孢原细胞造孢细胞发育 Development of archesporial cells into sporogenous cell
05-29—05-30	深绿色，蕾胖期，纵横比0.79 Dark green，bud fat stage，aspect ratio 0.79	小孢子单核居中期 Microspore monokaryon at central position stage	大孢子母细胞形成 Formation of megaspore mother cells
05-31—06-01	黄绿色，纵横比0.69 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.69	小孢子单核靠边期 Microspore monokaryon at peripheral position stage	二分体—四分体时期 Dyad-tetrad stage
06-02—06-03	黄绿色，纵横比0.74 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.74	二细胞花粉发育期 Two-celled pollen grain development stage	四分体—单核胚囊 Tetrad- uninucleate embryo sac
06-04—06-05	黄绿色，纵横比0.70 Yellow green，aspect ratio 0.70	二细胞花粉成熟期 Two-celled pollen grain maturation stage	单核胚囊—二核胚囊 Uninucleate embryo sac- binucleate embryo sac
06-06—06-07	黄色，蕾黄期，部分花开，纵横比0.71 Yellow，bud yellow stage，part of the flower blooming，aspect ratio 0.71	成熟花粉粒形成 Mature pollen grain formation	二核胚囊—四核胚囊 Binucleate embryo sac-four nucleate embryo sac
06-08—06-09	黄色，花开放，纵横比0.76 Yellow，flower open，aspect ratio 0.76	成熟花粉粒，花药部分开裂 Mature pollen grain，partial anther dehiscence	四核胚囊—八核胚囊 Four nucleate embryo sac- eight nucleate embryo sac

Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba‘Hupingzao’

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