Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon and Study on Their Biocontrol Mechanisms

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0286

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1521-1534.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0286

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon and Study on Their Biocontrol Mechanisms

YANG Jiani, MA Qiaonü, GU Xin^*(), JIANG Tong, SU Xiaofen

College of Agriculture， Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750000， China

Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-11-06 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-05-26
Contact: GU Xin

Abstract

Abstract:

Fusarium wilt of watermelon，caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum（FON），significantly reduces crop yield and quality. This study isolated two antagonistic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis PJ3 and Bacillus atrophaeus HY5，from soil using a dual-culture assay. Their fermentation broths disrupted FON conidia，damaged cell membranes by reducing ergosterol and protein content，and inhibited fungal growth. Pot trials confirmed their biocontrol efficacy，with PJ3，HY5，and their consortium significantly reducing disease incidence and severity. The consortium showed the best control，reducing disease severity by 71.43%，outperforming single strains. In summary，PJ3 and HY5 exhibit good biocontrol potential against watermelon Fusarium wilt，and their combined application yields the best results.

Key words: watermelon, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Bacillus subtilis, biological control

YANG Jiani, MA Qiaonü, GU Xin, JIANG Tong, SU Xiaofen. Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon and Study on Their Biocontrol Mechanisms[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(5): 1521-1534.

Figures/Tables 12

References 40

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菌株 Strain	菌落直径/mm FON colony diameter	抑菌率/% Inhibition rate
对照Control	62.04 ± 0.19 a	—
PJ3	13.38 ± 2.19 h	78.40 ± 3.55 a
JB	14.86 ± 0.21 gh	76.03 ± 0.32 ab
XG2	15.59 ± 0.28 fgh	74.87 ± 0.48 abc
MX	21.03 ± 1.20 de	66.10 ± 1.94 de
SL1	19.11 ± 0.60 def	69.23 ± 0.97 cde
MD-1	20.85 ± 0.12 de	66.40 ± 0.17 de
XB-3	17.63 ± 3.04 fg	71.57 ± 4.91 cde
T1-4	22.45 ± 0.32 cd	63.83 ± 0.52 ef
PJ16	22.79 ± 0.20 cd	63.27 ± 0.32 ef
J4-2	25.16 ± 0.24 bc	59.47 ± 0.38 fg
TYC-4	28.72 ± 1.10 b	53.70 ± 1.79 g

菌株 Strain	菌落直径/mm FON colony diameter	抑菌率/% Inhibition rate
对照Control	62.04 ± 0.19 a	—
PJ3	13.38 ± 2.19 h	78.40 ± 3.55 a
JB	14.86 ± 0.21 gh	76.03 ± 0.32 ab
XG2	15.59 ± 0.28 fgh	74.87 ± 0.48 abc
MX	21.03 ± 1.20 de	66.10 ± 1.94 de
SL1	19.11 ± 0.60 def	69.23 ± 0.97 cde
MD-1	20.85 ± 0.12 de	66.40 ± 0.17 de
XB-3	17.63 ± 3.04 fg	71.57 ± 4.91 cde
T1-4	22.45 ± 0.32 cd	63.83 ± 0.52 ef
PJ16	22.79 ± 0.20 cd	63.27 ± 0.32 ef
J4-2	25.16 ± 0.24 bc	59.47 ± 0.38 fg
TYC-4	28.72 ± 1.10 b	53.70 ± 1.79 g

菌株 Strain	FON菌落直径/mm FON diameter	抑菌率/% Inhibition rate
对照Control	52.74 ± 0.37 a	/
PJ3/HY5	10.56 ± 0.61 d	79.90 ± 1.15 a
PJ3	15.56 ± 0.56 c	70.37 ± 1.06 b
HY5	18.36 ± 1.24 b	65.05 ± 2.35 b

菌株 Strain	FON菌落直径/mm FON diameter	抑菌率/% Inhibition rate
对照Control	52.74 ± 0.37 a	/
PJ3/HY5	10.56 ± 0.61 d	79.90 ± 1.15 a
PJ3	15.56 ± 0.56 c	70.37 ± 1.06 b
HY5	18.36 ± 1.24 b	65.05 ± 2.35 b

处理 Treatments	发病率/% Disease incidence	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficiency
不接种FON（No FON vaccination）	73.33 ± 3.34 b	56.00 ± 1.47 b	—
FON（对照Control）	100.00 ± 0.00 a	90.67 ± 4.35 a	—
PJ3	40.00 ± 2.44 c	25.00 ± 1.33 d	72.42 ± 2.44 a
HY5	33.33 ± 3.12 d	22.67 ± 1.54 c	75.00 ± 2.87 b
PJ3/HY5	26.67 ± 1.24 e	15.00 ± 1.32 d	83.46 ± 3.48 c

Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon and Study on Their Biocontrol Mechanisms

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处理 Treatment	根际土壤 The soil of melon seedling roots		瓜苗根内 The roots of melon seedlings
处理 Treatment	10 d	30 d	10 d	30 d
不接种FON（No FON vaccination）	19.29 ± 1.57 b	27.77 ± 0.97 b	18.38 ± 0.30 b	25.19 ± 1.10 b
FON（对照Control）	23.67 ± 0.48 a	31.27 ± 0.63 a	22.96 ± 0.51 a	28.21 ± 1.46 a
PJ3	10.83 ± 0.92 cd	3.28 ± 0.40 c	11.16 ± 0.50 c	2.40 ± 0.51 c
HY5	11.13 ± 0.39 c	3.32 ± 0.99 c	11.36 ± 0.32 c	2.88 ± 0.28 c
PJ3/HY5	8.29 ± 0.84 d	2.37 ± 0.25 c	10.88 ± 0.53 c	1.48 ± 0.33 c

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