Effects of Citrus Chlorotic Awarf-Associated Virus on the Tissue Structure and Enzyme Activity of Green Pomelo and Lemon

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0784

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2727-2736.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0784

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Citrus Chlorotic Awarf-Associated Virus on the Tissue Structure and Enzyme Activity of Green Pomelo and Lemon

ZHOU Jun¹^,², FANG Shujie¹, GUO Xueyang¹, ZHANG Xiaonan¹, XU Zitong¹, ZHOU Bing¹, YI Long¹^,²^,^*()

¹ National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center，Gannan Normal University，Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000，China
² Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants，Gannan Normal University，Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000，China

Received:2025-02-01 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-28
Contact: YI Long

Abstract

Abstract:

To elucidate the histological characteristics and enzymatic activities associated with symptom development in citrus induced by citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated viru（CCDaV），‘Ruby’green pomelo seedlings on trifoliate orange rootstock and‘Eureka’lemon seedlings were inoculated with CCDaV. The symptomatic manifestations，histological structures，chloroplast ultrastructure，and enzyme activities were investigated. The results demonstrated that CCDaV induced pronounced leaf malformation and chlorosis in both cultivars，accompanied by abnormal development in the phloem and xylem tissues of leaf veins. Symptoms appeared earlier and were more severe in‘Ruby’，exhibiting vein clearing. Chloroplasts in ‘Ruby’displayed enlarged starch granules with significant gaps between the granules and thylakoid lamellae，leading to chloroplast swelling，deformation，and disintegration of the chloroplast envelope. The activities of SOD，POD，and CAT increased extremely significantly in‘Ruby’leaves，while MDA content and the activities of SOD，CAT，and APX increased significantly in‘Eureka’. In conclusion，CCDaV infection causes abnormal development in citrus vein tissues，chloroplast swelling and deformation，and membrane damage，inducing severe leaf malformation and chlorosis，thereby impairing plant health，growth，and development.

Key words: green pomelo, lemon, citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus, symptoms, tissue structure, enzyme activity

ZHOU Jun, FANG Shujie, GUO Xueyang, ZHANG Xiaonan, XU Zitong, ZHOU Bing, YI Long. Effects of Citrus Chlorotic Awarf-Associated Virus on the Tissue Structure and Enzyme Activity of Green Pomelo and Lemon[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2727-2736.

Figures/Tables 6

References 23

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品种 Citrus cultivar	样品 Sample	叶脉 Vein	木质部和髓部 Xylem and medullary part	韧皮部Phloem	叶肉组织Mesophyll tissue	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue	海绵组织 Spongy tissue
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	621.7 ± 1.3	244.4 ± 4.7 （39.3%）^a	141.0 ± 2.7（22.7%）^a	267.9 ± 7.4	49.8 ± 3.2 （18.6%）^b	176.7 ± 20.3（65.9%）^b
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	670.8 ± 4.4^***	169.7 ± 13.6^** （25.3%）^a	146.9 ± 15.4（21.9%）^a	303.0 ± 12.3^*	67.9 ± 7.5^* （22.4%）^b	223.9 ± 6.0*（73.9%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	551.9 ± 1.7	159.9 ± 1.1 （29.0%）^a	130.7 ± 2.7（23.7%）^a	230.9 ± 8.7	47.0 ± 2.5 （20.4%）^b	142.2 ± 4.6 （61.6%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	868.6 ± 2.5^***	322.9 ± 2.9^*** （37.2%）^a	175.8 ± 2.8^***（20.2%）^a	273.2 ± 15.3^*	54.0 ± 2.9 （19.8%）^b	189.7 ± 6.9^**（69.4%）^b

品种 Citrus cultivar	样品 Sample	叶脉 Vein	木质部和髓部 Xylem and medullary part	韧皮部Phloem	叶肉组织Mesophyll tissue	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue	海绵组织 Spongy tissue
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	621.7 ± 1.3	244.4 ± 4.7 （39.3%）^a	141.0 ± 2.7（22.7%）^a	267.9 ± 7.4	49.8 ± 3.2 （18.6%）^b	176.7 ± 20.3（65.9%）^b
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	670.8 ± 4.4^***	169.7 ± 13.6^** （25.3%）^a	146.9 ± 15.4（21.9%）^a	303.0 ± 12.3^*	67.9 ± 7.5^* （22.4%）^b	223.9 ± 6.0*（73.9%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	551.9 ± 1.7	159.9 ± 1.1 （29.0%）^a	130.7 ± 2.7（23.7%）^a	230.9 ± 8.7	47.0 ± 2.5 （20.4%）^b	142.2 ± 4.6 （61.6%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	868.6 ± 2.5^***	322.9 ± 2.9^*** （37.2%）^a	175.8 ± 2.8^***（20.2%）^a	273.2 ± 15.3^*	54.0 ± 2.9 （19.8%）^b	189.7 ± 6.9^**（69.4%）^b

品种 Citrus cultivar	处理 Treatment	MDA含量/ （μmol · g^-1） MDA content	SOD活性/ （U · g^-1） SOD activities	POD活性/ （×10⁴U · g^-1） POD activities	CAT活性/ （U · g^-1） CAT activities	APX活性/ （U · g^-1） APX activities
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	41.03 ± 10.07	23.89 ± 5.27	9.87 ± 111439.14	156.22 ± 31.07	0.82 ± 0.13^∗∗
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	58.97 ± 3.79	62.40 ± 10.52^∗∗	15.67 ± 9454.88^∗∗	499.37 ± 33.38^∗∗	0.02 ± 0.01
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	40.20 ± 1.00	263.20 ± 47.89	5.09 ± 3167.17	198.83 ± 62.71	2.31 ± 0.63
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	65.00 ± 7.96^∗	476.98 ± 72.38^∗	5.07 ± 1851.14	454.34 ± 19.28^∗	4.60 ± 0.34^∗

品种 Citrus cultivar	处理 Treatment	MDA含量/ （μmol · g^-1） MDA content	SOD活性/ （U · g^-1） SOD activities	POD活性/ （×10⁴U · g^-1） POD activities	CAT活性/ （U · g^-1） CAT activities	APX活性/ （U · g^-1） APX activities
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	41.03 ± 10.07	23.89 ± 5.27	9.87 ± 111439.14	156.22 ± 31.07	0.82 ± 0.13^∗∗
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	58.97 ± 3.79	62.40 ± 10.52^∗∗	15.67 ± 9454.88^∗∗	499.37 ± 33.38^∗∗	0.02 ± 0.01
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	40.20 ± 1.00	263.20 ± 47.89	5.09 ± 3167.17	198.83 ± 62.71	2.31 ± 0.63
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	65.00 ± 7.96^∗	476.98 ± 72.38^∗	5.07 ± 1851.14	454.34 ± 19.28^∗	4.60 ± 0.34^∗

Effects of Citrus Chlorotic Awarf-Associated Virus on the Tissue Structure and Enzyme Activity of Green Pomelo and Lemon

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