Effects of Irrigation Before Soil Freezing on Bacterial Community Composition and Available Nutrient Content in‘Fuji’Apple Rhizosphere

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0742

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2401-2412.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0742

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Irrigation Before Soil Freezing on Bacterial Community Composition and Available Nutrient Content in‘Fuji’Apple Rhizosphere

CHEN Bing, CHENG Yujin, SUN Baozhen, SONG Jianfei, ZHANG Weiwei, YANG Hongqiang^*()

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology，College of Horticulture Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018，China

Received:2024-05-31 Revised:2024-07-03 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-21
Contact: YANG Hongqiang

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study，the 5-year-old‘Fuji’apple trees were used as materials. After full irrigation before soil freezing，samples were taken in the next January and April to analyze the changes of bacterial community composition and available nutrients in rhizosphere soil. The results showed that irrigation before freezing not only increased soil moisture status and stabilized soil temperature，but also significantly increased soil available nutrient content，and reduced soil organic matter content. The content of soil available nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium increased by 15.83%，21.13% and 8.22%，while the content of organic matter decreased by 19.86%. In addition，the root density，root activity and root nitrogen content increased by 10.3%，15.6% and 13.3%，respectively in early spring. Quantitative PCR analysis of functional genes showed that the irrigation before soil freezing significantly increased the number of soil bacteria and fungi，including ammonia-oxidizing archaea（AOA），nitrogen fixing bacteria and denitrification bacteria abundance increased 35.18%，18.12% and 19.53%，respectively，thus promoting soil nitrification and denitrification.

Key words: apple, irrigation before soil freezing, rhizosphere bacterial community, soil available nutrients, soil nitrogen conversion

CHEN Bing, CHENG Yujin, SUN Baozhen, SONG Jianfei, ZHANG Weiwei, YANG Hongqiang. Effects of Irrigation Before Soil Freezing on Bacterial Community Composition and Available Nutrient Content in‘Fuji’Apple Rhizosphere[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2401-2412.

Figures/Tables 9

References 34

[1]	Bai Jian, Li Na, Fu Chunxia, Zhang Zhiyuan, Wang Yanan, Shu Huairui. 2016. Effect of micro-environment regulation mode around root zone on the soil property and root growth of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 43 (5):829-840. (in Chinese)
	白健, 李娜, 付春霞, 张志远, 王衍安, 束怀瑞. 2016. 苹果根域调控对土壤理化性质和根系生长的影响. 园艺学报, 43 (5):829-840. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0098
[2]	Ben-Noah I, Friedman S P. 2016. Oxygation of clayey soils by adding hydrogen peroxide to the irrigation solution:lysimetric experiments. Rhizosphere,2:51-61.
[3]	Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J. 2018. fastp:an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics, 34 (17):i884-i890.
[4]	Ding Yifei, Cao Yongqing, Yao Xiaohua, Wu Pengfei, Gong Hongen, Fu Songling, Zhang Pingan. 2018. Spatial distribution of fine roots and underground competition in Camellia oleifera-Vulpia myuros intercropping system. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37 (4):981-986. (in Chinese)
	丁怡飞, 曹永庆, 姚小华, 吴鹏飞, 龚洪恩, 傅松玲, 张平安. 2018. 油茶—鼠茅草复合系统细根空间分布及地下竞争. 生态学杂志, 37 (4):981-986.
[5]	Dorlodot S D, Forster B, Pages L, Price A, Tuberosa R, Draye X. 2007. Root system architecture:opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops. Trends in Plant Science, 12 (10):474-481. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.08.012 pmid: 17822944
[6]	Du C, Geng Z, Wang Q, Zhang T, He W, Hou L, Wang Y. 2017. Variations in bacterial and fungal communities through soil depth profiles in a Betula albosinensis forest. Journal of Microbiology, 55 (9):684-693.
[7]	Edgar R C. 2013. UPARSE:highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads. Nature Methods, 10 (10):996-998.
[8]	Evans S E, Wallenstein M D. 2012. Soil microbial community response to drying and rewetting stress:does historical precipitation regime matter? Biogeochemistry,109:101-116.
[9]	Ferreira P A, Robeiro A C, dos Santos C R. 1990. Vertical movement of nitrate,ammonium,chloride and potassium in irrigated soil columns. Revista Ceres, 37 (210):152-166.
[10]	Fierer N, Jackson R B. 2006. The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103 (3):626-631.
[11]	Guo Yu, Yao Jiafeng, Dong Yuan, Yan Jue, Yang Nan, Feng Yonghan, Wei Xi, Liang Wenjun. 2023. Root distribution characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis and Robinia pseudoacaciain pure and mixed forests. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 34 (11):2881-2888. (in Chinese)
	郭钰, 姚佳峰, 董媛, 闫珏, 杨南, 冯泳翰, 魏曦, 梁文俊. 2023. 油松和刺槐纯林及混交林根系分布特征. 应用生态学报, 34 (11):2881-2888. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202311.008
[12]	Harter J, Krause H M, Schuettler S, Ruser R, Formme M, Scholten T, Kappler A, Behrens S. 2014. Linking N₂O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community. The ISME Journal, 8 (3):660-674.
[13]	He Jizheng, Zhang Limei. 2013. Key processes and microbial mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation. Microbiology China, 40 (1):98-108. (in Chinese)
	贺纪正, 张丽梅. 2013. 土壤氮素转化的关键微生物过程及机制. 微生物学通报, 40 (1):98-108.
[14]	Jetten M S M. 2008. The microbial nitrogen cycle. Environmental microbiology, 10 (11):2903-2909. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01786.x pmid: 18973618
[15]	Kaiser M, Kleber M, Berhe A A. 2015. How air-drying and rewetting modify soil organic matter characteristics:an assessment to improve data interpretation and inference. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,80:324-340.
[16]	Keymer D P, Lankau R A. 2017. Disruption of plant-soil-microbial relationships influences plant growth. Journal of Ecology, 105 (3):816-827.
[17]	Lauriault L, Kirksey R, Van Leeuwen D. 2005. Performance of perennial cool‐season forage grasses in diverse soil moisture environments,southern High Plains,USA. Crop Science, 45 (3):909-915.
[18]	Li Zizhong, Wang Hao. 2010. Effects of winter irrigation on soil moisture and thermal condition of artificial grassland during the winter in agro-pastoral ecotone of China. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 28 (4):7-13. (in Chinese)
	李子忠, 王皓. 2010. 冬灌对农牧交错带人工草地越冬期土壤水热状况的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 28 (4):7-13.
[19]	Liang Y, Li M, Pan F, Ma J, Yang Z, Ling T, Qin J, Lu S, Zhong F, Song Z. 2020. Alkaline phosphomonoesterase-harboring microorganisms mediate soil phosphorus transformation with stand age in Chinese Pinus massoniana plantations. Frontiers in Microbiology,11:571209.
[20]	Liu C, Zhao D, Ma W, Guo Y, Wang A, Wang Q, Lee D J. 2016. Denitrifying sulfide removal process on high-salinity wastewaters in the presence of Halomonas sp. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,100:1421-1426.
[21]	Lu Rukun. 2000. Methods in soil and agricultural chemical analysis. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese)
	鲁如坤. 2000. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社.
[22]	Magoč T, Salzberg S L. 2011. FLASH:fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics, 27 (21):2957-2963.
[23]	Manzoni S, Schimel J P, Porporato A. 2012. Responses of soil microbial communities to water stress:results from a meta‐analysis. Ecology, 93 (4):930-938.
[24]	Meisner A, Rousk J, Bååth E. 2015. Prolonged drought changes the bacterial growth response to rewetting. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,88:314-322.
[25]	Or D, Smets B F, Wraith J M, Dechesne A, Friedman S P. 2007. Physical constraints affecting bacterial habitats and activity in unsaturated porous media-a review. Advances in Water Resources, 30 (6-7):1505-1527.
[26]	Schloss P D, Westcott S L, Ryabin T, Hall J R, Hartmann M, Hollister E B, Lesniewski R A, Oakley B B, Parks D H, Robinson C J. 2009. Introducing mothur:open-source,platform-independent,community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75 (23):7537-7541.
[27]	Stackebrandt E, Goebel B M. 1994. Taxonomic note:a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 44 (4):846-849.
[28]	Sun Wei, Qian Xun, Fu Qingxia, Hu Ting, Gu Jie, Wang Xiaojuan, Gao Hua. 2013. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial community and enzymes activities in walnut orchards of the Qinling-Bashan Region. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 19 (5):1224-1233. (in Chinese)
	孙薇, 钱勋, 付青霞, 胡婷, 谷洁, 王小娟, 高华. 2013. 生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 19 (5):1224-1233.
[29]	Wollum A. 1994. Soil sampling for microbiological analysis. Methods of soil analysis:Part 2. Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. 5:59-79.
[30]	Yan Yujing, Bai Jian, Fu Chunxia, Fan Xiaodan, Wang Yanan, Chen Xiude, Shu Huairui. 2015. Effects of water-storage regulation around root on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of apple leaves. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 42 (5):817-825. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1046
	闫玉静, 白健, 付春霞, 范晓丹, 王衍安, 陈修德, 束怀瑞. 2015. 根域蓄水调控对苹果叶片光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响. 园艺学报, 42 (5):817-825. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1046
[31]	Yang Z, Luo X, Shi Y, Zhou T, Luo K, Lai Y, Tang X. 2023. Controls and variability of soil respiration temperature sensitivity across China. Science of The Total Environment,871:161974.
[32]	Zhao H, Lin J, Wang X, Shi J, Dahlgren R A, Xu J. 2021. Dynamics of soil microbial N-cycling strategies in response to cadmium stress. Environmental science & technology, 55 (20):14305-14315.
[33]	Zhao Shijie, Shi Guoan, Dong Xinchun. 2002. Techniques of plant physiological experiment. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese)
	赵世杰, 史国安, 董新纯. 2002. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社.
[34]	Zhang Q, Li Y, He Y, Brookes P C, Xu J. 2019. Elevated temperature increased nitrification activity by stimulating AOB growth and activity in an acidic paddy soil. Plant and Soil,445:71-83.

土层/cm Soil depth	土壤有机质/% Soil organic matter	NH₄⁺/（mg · kg^-1）	NO₃^-/（mg · kg^-1）	有效P/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	有效K/（mg · kg^-1） Available K
0 ~ 20	3.21	14.45	48.32	33.02	121.80
20 ~ 40	3.12	15.62	47.59	34.27	90.44
40 ~ 60	1.82	14.10	50.46	27.41	54.14

土层/cm Soil depth	土壤有机质/% Soil organic matter	NH₄⁺/（mg · kg^-1）	NO₃^-/（mg · kg^-1）	有效P/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	有效K/（mg · kg^-1） Available K
0 ~ 20	3.21	14.45	48.32	33.02	121.80
20 ~ 40	3.12	15.62	47.59	34.27	90.44
40 ~ 60	1.82	14.10	50.46	27.41	54.14

取样日期（M-D） Date of sample	土层/ cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	土壤含水量/% SRWC	温度/℃ Temperature	O₂/%	pH
01-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	63.12 ± 0.06 e	0.83 ± 0.09 g	17.17 ± 0.09 f	7.26 ± 0.03 a
		灌水Irrigation	79.42 ± 0.08 b	1.23 ± 0.07 f	15.73 ± 0.03 g	7.15 ± 0.02 bc
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	73.17 ± 0.08 c	3.07 ± 0.09 e	17.30 ± 0.06 f	7.12 ± 0.02 bc
		灌水Irrigation	84.07 ± 0.04 a	4.17 ± 0.09 c	15.77 ± 0.03 g	7.16 ± 0.01 b
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	73.14 ± 0.08 c	3.90 ± 0.06 d	17.17 ± 0.09 f	6.96 ± 0.01 ef
		灌水Irrigation	84.02 ± 0.07 a	4.27 ± 0.03 c	15.83 ± 0.03 g	6.88 ± 0.02 g
04-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	53.70 ± 0.06 h	14.93 ± 0.03 a	19.07 ± 0.09 b	7.09 ± 0.02 cd
		灌水Irrigation	57.78 ± 0.13 f	15.00 ± 0.06 a	18.37 ± 0.03 c	7.10 ± 0.02 bcd
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	53.67 ± 0.05 h	14.67 ± 0.07 b	19.33 ± 0.03 a	7.00 ± 0.01 ef
		灌水Irrigation	65.06 ± 0.08 d	14.67 ± 0.03 b	17.77 ± 0.03 e	7.03 ± 0.04 de
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	56.22 ± 0.08 g	14.70 ± 0.06 b	18.13 ± 0.03 d	6.95 ± 0.03 fg
		灌水Irrigation	64.89 ± 0.04 d	14.63 ± 0.03 b	17.27 ± 0.03 f	6.99 ± 0.03 ef

取样日期（M-D） Date of sample	土层/ cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	土壤含水量/% SRWC	温度/℃ Temperature	O₂/%	pH
01-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	63.12 ± 0.06 e	0.83 ± 0.09 g	17.17 ± 0.09 f	7.26 ± 0.03 a
		灌水Irrigation	79.42 ± 0.08 b	1.23 ± 0.07 f	15.73 ± 0.03 g	7.15 ± 0.02 bc
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	73.17 ± 0.08 c	3.07 ± 0.09 e	17.30 ± 0.06 f	7.12 ± 0.02 bc
		灌水Irrigation	84.07 ± 0.04 a	4.17 ± 0.09 c	15.77 ± 0.03 g	7.16 ± 0.01 b
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	73.14 ± 0.08 c	3.90 ± 0.06 d	17.17 ± 0.09 f	6.96 ± 0.01 ef
		灌水Irrigation	84.02 ± 0.07 a	4.27 ± 0.03 c	15.83 ± 0.03 g	6.88 ± 0.02 g
04-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	53.70 ± 0.06 h	14.93 ± 0.03 a	19.07 ± 0.09 b	7.09 ± 0.02 cd
		灌水Irrigation	57.78 ± 0.13 f	15.00 ± 0.06 a	18.37 ± 0.03 c	7.10 ± 0.02 bcd
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	53.67 ± 0.05 h	14.67 ± 0.07 b	19.33 ± 0.03 a	7.00 ± 0.01 ef
		灌水Irrigation	65.06 ± 0.08 d	14.67 ± 0.03 b	17.77 ± 0.03 e	7.03 ± 0.04 de
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	56.22 ± 0.08 g	14.70 ± 0.06 b	18.13 ± 0.03 d	6.95 ± 0.03 fg
		灌水Irrigation	64.89 ± 0.04 d	14.63 ± 0.03 b	17.27 ± 0.03 f	6.99 ± 0.03 ef

取样日期/ （M-D） Date of sample	土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	土壤有机质/% Soil organic matter	NH₄⁺-N / （mg · kg^-1）	NO₃^--N / （mg · kg^-1）	有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K
01-05	0 ~ 20	对照 Control	3.08 ± 0.03 a	13.64 ± 0.61 d	49.48 ± 0.97 g	31.78 ± 1.90 fg	128.86 ± 2.15 b
		灌水 Irrigation	2.70 ± 0.01 b	12.36 ± 0.30 e	65.35 ± 1.16 e	33.96 ± 1.90 ef	118.10 ± 1.81 c
	20 ~ 40	对照 Control	3.06 ± 0.03 a	15.05 ± 0.54 c	49.98 ± 1.08 g	33.96 ± 2.18 ef	94.13 ± 1.84 f
		灌水 Irrigation	2.76 ± 0.02 b	16.69 ± 0.26 b	56.74 ± 0.23 f	35.20 ± 0.54 ef	116.26 ± 1.82 c
	40 ~ 60	对照 Control	1.69 ± 0.03 d	14.14 ± 0.84 cd	51.18 ± 0.27 g	27.72 ± 1.08 g	95.97 ± 1.84 ef
		灌水 Irrigation	1.29 ± 0.03 f	18.05 ± 0.19 a	55.95 ± 0.79f	37.39 ± 2.18 de	101.51 ± 1.80 de
04-05	0 ~ 20	对照 Control	2.75 ± 0.02 b	8.45 ± 0.26 g	75.04 ± 0.22 c	49.54 ± 1.90 b	131.29 ± 1.83 b
		灌水 Irrigation	2.58 ± 0.03 c	11.71 ± 0.20 ef	86.83 ± 0.73 a	60.45 ± 1.95 a	141.08 ± 1.84 a
	20 ~ 40	对照 Control	1.44 ± 0.03 e	12.10 ± 0.10 ef	65.57 ± 1.19 e	32.71 ± 0.31 fg	101.51 ± 1.82 e
		灌水 Irrigation	0.94 ± 0.03 g	10.85 ± 0.27 f	82.26 ± 1.87 b	41.44 ± 1.56 cd	105.19 ± 1.81 d
	40 ~ 60	对照 Control	1.29 ± 0.03 f	12.13 ± 0.53 ef	64.89 ± 1.51 e	32.40 ± 1.43 fg	95.97 ± 1.80 ef
		灌水 Irrigation	0.87 ± 0.05 g	11.16 ± 0.36 ef	71.85 ± 1.31 d	43.00 ± 1.36 c	112.57 ± 3.20 c

Effects of Irrigation Before Soil Freezing on Bacterial Community Composition and Available Nutrient Content in‘Fuji’Apple Rhizosphere

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 34

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	JIA Linguang, ZHANG He, ZHANG Xueying, SUN Jianshe, GAO Yi, LI Guofang, TAN Ming, SHAO Jianzhu. A New Edible Crabapple Cultivar‘Jinxing’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2227-2228.
[2]	QIU Hui, ZHU Dejuan, ZHANG Yongle, GAO Yujie, LI Liu, WANG Guoping, HONG Ni. Interaction Between the Coat Protein of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus and Two E3 Ubiquitin Ligases of Pear and Their Subcellular Localization [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1715-1727.
[3]	LIU Yinghao, LI Yun, LÜ Weijing, CHEN Ran, JIANG Weitao, YIN Chengmiao, MAO Zhiquan, WANG Yanfang. Effects of Different Temperatures’ Biochar on Soil Fungi Community Structure Under Apple Replantation [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1853-1867.
[4]	LI Xujiao, LÜ Qi, YAO Dongdong, ZHAO Fengyun, WANG Xiaofei, YU Kun. Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1868-1880.
[5]	TIAN Wen, LI Zichen, WANG Lin, WANG Dajiang, WANG Kun, SUN Simiao, WANG Guangyi, LIU Zhao, LU Xiang, FENG Jianrong, GAO Yuan. Advances in Genome-Wide Association Study Associated Important Traits in Apple [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1565-1579.
[6]	LIU Chenglong, FAN Xudong, REN Fang, ZHANG Zunping, HU Guojun, DONG Yafeng. Detection Methods of Apple Tree Viruses [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1580-1594.
[7]	QIN Genhong, YUAN Hongbo, WANG Zhuoni, SHI Bingke, FAN Yangyang, WANG Li, ZHANG Meng, TU Hongtao, XU Chao, HOU Hui. Antagonistic Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds of Bacillus cereus Strain G3-17 Against Apple Ring Rot [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1403-1412.
[8]	SHI Bingke, WANG Zhuoni, QIN Genhong, HUANG Tianxiang, WANG Li, TU Hongtao, YUAN Hongbo, HOU Hui. Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungus Pa2 Antagonistic Against Apple Ring Rot Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1113-1125.
[9]	LUO Jiandong, QIU Mengqing, ZHOU Huimin, XIE Weiwei, Huang Haixin, LIU Jieqi, ZHANG Zimin, XU Jian, CHEN Chengjie, HE Yehua, LIU Chaoyang. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Pineapple AcZFP1 Gene Under Low Temperature Stress [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 495-508.
[10]	GAO Yongchen, SU Xinjian, YU Cheng, LIU Zhu, MAO Ke, ZOU Yangjun, GONG Xiaoqing. Effects of Black Nonwovens and Herb Residue Mulching on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microorganisms in the Apple Orchard [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 587-600.
[11]	LIN Lu, YU Lu, XIE Peng, LI Zhiqiang, WANG Hongning, ZHAO Guoping, NIU Zimian. Influences of Dwarfing Intermediate Stock SC1 on Apple Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2871-2885.
[12]	LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, WU Xiaming, ZHOU Chenping, KUANG Ruibin, YANG Min, WEI Yuerong. A New Pineapple Cultivar‘Yuelühuang’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2473-2474.
[13]	CHEN Xuesen, WANG Nan, PENG Futian, MAO Zhiquan, YIN Chengmiao, JIANG Yuanmao, GE Shunfeng, HU Dagang, LI Yuanyuan, DU Yuanpeng, YAO Yuxin, ZHANG Zongying. Advances in Quality and Maturity Breeding of Important Deciduous Fruit Trees in China [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(1): 8-26.
[14]	LI Shaoxuan, WANG Zhiyun , HU Dagang , ZHU Bo , and HAN Mingsan, . A New Late Ripening Apple Cultivar‘Qinfu 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 1-2.
[15]	SUN Yanxia , TANG Yan , LIU Daliang , ZHAO Lingling , ZHANG Xueyong , LIU Xueqing , Dorota Ewa Kruczynska , CHENG Zhijuan , Sylwia Keller-Przybylkowicz , and SONG Laiqing, . A New Early-ripening Apple Cultivar‘Yanqingyu’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 3-4.

取样日期/ （M-D） Date of sample	土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	香农指数 Shannon	ACE	Chao1	覆盖指数 Coverage
01-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	6.87 ± 0.01 c	4022.35 ± 162.25 cd	3962.09 ± 144.84 cd	0.9783
		灌水Irrigation	6.98 ± 0.03 ab	5044.61 ± 105.50 a	4939.45 ± 111.26 a	0.9697
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	6.73 ± 0.02 d	3861.05 ± 140.15 cd	3790.24 ± 123.66 cd	0.9789
		灌水Irrigation	7.01 ± 0.01 a	4830.97 ± 103.70 a	4760.91 ± 117.32 a	0.9721
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	6.66 ± 0.01 de	3920.75 ± 36.15 cd	3886.33 ± 55.65 cd	0.9779
		灌水Irrigation	6.71 ± 0.06 de	4291.09 ± 122.72 bc	4194.42 ± 104.09 bc	0.9748
04-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	6.84 ± 0.03 c	4642.79 ± 80.98 ab	4539.73 ± 62.66 ab	0.9727
		灌水Irrigation	6.91 ± 0.00 bc	4665.15 ± 102.21 ab	4587.41 ± 91.75 ab	0.9728
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	6.50 ± 0.02 f	3784.16 ± 158.41 d	3743.75 ± 133.20 d	0.9789
		灌水Irrigation	6.51 ± 0.03 f	3960.74 ± 228.17 cd	3879.69 ± 230.42 cd	0.9775
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	6.45 ± 0.04 f	3582.77 ± 69.64 d	3552.87 ± 48.01 d	0.9804
		灌水Irrigation	6.63 ± 0.03 e	3762.45 ± 210.85 d	3739.95 ± 202.34 d	0.9795

取样日期/ （M-D） Date of sample	土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	香农指数 Shannon	ACE	Chao1	覆盖指数 Coverage
01-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	6.87 ± 0.01 c	4022.35 ± 162.25 cd	3962.09 ± 144.84 cd	0.9783
		灌水Irrigation	6.98 ± 0.03 ab	5044.61 ± 105.50 a	4939.45 ± 111.26 a	0.9697
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	6.73 ± 0.02 d	3861.05 ± 140.15 cd	3790.24 ± 123.66 cd	0.9789
		灌水Irrigation	7.01 ± 0.01 a	4830.97 ± 103.70 a	4760.91 ± 117.32 a	0.9721
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	6.66 ± 0.01 de	3920.75 ± 36.15 cd	3886.33 ± 55.65 cd	0.9779
		灌水Irrigation	6.71 ± 0.06 de	4291.09 ± 122.72 bc	4194.42 ± 104.09 bc	0.9748
04-05	0 ~ 20	对照Control	6.84 ± 0.03 c	4642.79 ± 80.98 ab	4539.73 ± 62.66 ab	0.9727
		灌水Irrigation	6.91 ± 0.00 bc	4665.15 ± 102.21 ab	4587.41 ± 91.75 ab	0.9728
	20 ~ 40	对照Control	6.50 ± 0.02 f	3784.16 ± 158.41 d	3743.75 ± 133.20 d	0.9789
		灌水Irrigation	6.51 ± 0.03 f	3960.74 ± 228.17 cd	3879.69 ± 230.42 cd	0.9775
	40 ~ 60	对照Control	6.45 ± 0.04 f	3582.77 ± 69.64 d	3552.87 ± 48.01 d	0.9804
		灌水Irrigation	6.63 ± 0.03 e	3762.45 ± 210.85 d	3739.95 ± 202.34 d	0.9795