Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Root Growth and Mitochondrial Function of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1116

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 121-132.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1116

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Root Growth and Mitochondrial Function of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings

JIN Tian¹, XU Yuemei¹, KUANG Guanling¹, LIU Guidong¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Life Sciences，Gannan Normal University，Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000，China
² National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center，Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000，China

Received:2023-09-21 Revised:2023-12-02 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-01-16
Contact: *（E-mail：liuguidong@gnnu.edu.cn）

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of boron（B）deficiency on the root injury of trifoliate orange[Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf.]seedlings. Trifoliate orange seedlings were incubated in nutrient solution containing different levels of B（0 and 10 μmol · L^-1）of which 0 μmol · L^-1 was considered as deficient B and 10 μmol · L^-1 was considered as control. Root growth parameters，mitochondrial reactive oxygen species metabolism，antioxidant enzyme activities，and mitochondrial function and ultrastructure were measured in this study. The results showed that B deficiency treatment inhibited root growth and activity，and the total root length，root surface area，root volume，average root diameter and biomass decreased significantly. Boron deficiency treatment increased the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and malondialdehyde（MDA）but significantly decreased superoxide dismutase （SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities in root mitochondria. Boron deficiency treatment also reduced the change of mitochondrial membrane absorbance，indicating that the openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore was increased. Boron deficiency treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity，membrane potential and cytochrome c/a，and significantly reduced ATP synthesis due to impaired mitochondrial function. The transmission electron microscopy results showed that the root system’s mitochondrial structure was damaged due to B deficiency treatment，causing the reduced mitochondrial crest and the occurrence of cavitation. In summary，B deficiency treatment significantly inhibits the growth and development of trifoliate orange seedlings，and its mechanism may be related to the damage of mitochondrial structure and function.

Key words: citrus, trifoliate orange, boron deficiency, root growth, mitochondria

JIN Tian, XU Yuemei, KUANG Guanling, LIU Guidong. Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Root Growth and Mitochondrial Function of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(1): 121-132.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Effects of boron deficiency on growth of trifoliate orange seedlings

Fig. 2 Effects of boron deficiency on root growth and development of trifoliate orange seedlings * indicate significant difference at 0.05 level，and ** indicate significant difference at 0.01 level. The same below.

Fig. 3 Effect of boron deficiency on root activity and boron concentration

Fig. 4 Effects of boron deficiency on the concentrations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities in root mitochondria

Fig. 5 Effects of boron deficiency on mitochondrial function and ATP concentration in roots

Fig. 6 Effect of boron deficiency on the ultrastructure of root cells and mitochondria CW：Cell wall；M：Mitochondria.

Fig. 7 Diagram showing the effect of boron deficiency on root mitochondria in trifoliate orange seedlings SOD：Superoxide dismutase；POD：Peroxidase；CAT：Catalase；ROS：Reactive oxygen species；MDA：Malondialdehyde；MPTP：Mitochondrial permeability transition pore；Cyt a：Cytochrome a；Cyt c：Cytochrome c；TCA：Tricarboxylic acid cycle；“+”：Cations；mETC：Mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. ATP：Adenosine triphosphate. The Roman numerals represent mitochondrial complex. Solid lines represent established interactions and dashed lines indicate proposed interactions.

Fig. 8 Possible mechanism of boron deficiency affecting root development of trifoliate orange seedlings SOD：Superoxide dismutase；POD：Peroxidase；CAT：Catalase；ROS：Reactive oxygen species；MDA：Malondialdehyde；MPTP：Mitochondrial permeability transition pore；Cyt c/a：Cytochrome c/a；ATP：Adenosine triphosphate. Solid lines represent established interactions and dashed lines indicate proposed interactions.

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Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Root Growth and Mitochondrial Function of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings

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