Screening and Phenotypic Analysis of EMS Induced Mutants in Watermelon

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0924

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2401-2416.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0924

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Screening and Phenotypic Analysis of EMS Induced Mutants in Watermelon

YIN Lijuan¹^,^*, WANG Chunxia¹^,^*, LI Chenhao¹, DING Xiaoling¹, PAN Xiaona¹, YU Rong², MA Hanyue³, CHEN Xiuhong⁴, YANG Jianqiang¹, ZHANG Xian¹^,^**(), WEI Chunhua¹^,^**()

¹ College of Horticulture，Northwest A & F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
² Institute of Horticulture，Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry，Yinchuan 721000，China
³ Dongtai National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park，Dongtai，Jiangsu 224200，China
⁴ Sancang Town Agriculture and Rural Bureau，Dongtai，Jiangsu 224200，China

Received:2023-03-07 Revised:2023-05-23 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-28
Contact: ZHANG Xian, WEI Chunhua

Abstract

Abstract:

The seeds and seedlings of watermelon germplasm M08 were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS）as a mutagen by seed soaking method and seedling dropping method. Observation，photography，and recording of major agronomic traits such as leaves，flowers，stems，and fruits per plant in M₁ and M₂ generations. In this study，749 individual plants of M₁ generation were obtained by seed soaking method，and 15 mutation types were found，including leaf yellowing，leaf deformity，male flower cluster，and melon embryo shape variation，the total mutation rate reached 20.56%. A total of 689 M₁ generation plants survived through the seedling dropping method，including ten types of variation，with a total variation rate of 19.30%. A total of 443 materials were harvested from the M₂ generation，132 families were randomly selected for phenotypic observation. A total of 13 variation types were obtained，including leaf yellowing，cotyledon junction，leaf deformity，leaf margin involution，stem juxtaposition，pericarp banding variation，plant growth and development retardation，the total mutation rate was 5.21%. Phenotypic observation and photosynthetic characteristics analysis of the M₂ generation population of the M₁-5 family with yellowing to greening leaf color mutant showed that before turning green，the photosynthetic pigment content was low and the leaves were yellow，after turning green，the content of photosynthetic pigments significantly increased，and the leaf color changed from yellow to green，but it was still lower than the normal M08 leaf. With the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments，the photosynthetic ability of the yellowing to greening mutant was restored and it could grow normally.

Key words: watermelon, ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS）, mutagenesis, seed soaking method, drop seedling method, mutant

YIN Lijuan, WANG Chunxia, LI Chenhao, DING Xiaoling, PAN Xiaona, YU Rong, MA Hanyue, CHEN Xiuhong, YANG Jianqiang, ZHANG Xian, WEI Chunhua. Screening and Phenotypic Analysis of EMS Induced Mutants in Watermelon[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(11): 2401-2416.

Figures/Tables 17

References 44

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部位 Part	描述 Description	株数 Number of plant	变异率/% Frequency
叶 Leaf	叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing	1	0.14
	叶形变异 Leaf shape variation	1	0.14
	幼苗期叶片畸形 Leaf deformity at seedling stage	74	9.88
	叶色嵌合体 Leaf color chimera	7	0.93
	叶片斑点 Leaf spots	2	0.27
花 Flower	两性花 Bisexual flower	11	1.47
	雄花簇生 Male flowers clustered	10	1.30
	雌花花瓣数变异 Variation of petal number of female flowers	15	2.00
	雄花数变异 Number variation of male flowers	23	3.07
茎 Stem	变态茎 Metamorphous stem	3	0.40
茎 Stem	植株叶片簇生 Plant leaves clustered	5	0.67
果实 Fruit	瓜胎形状变异 Shape variation of melon embryo	1	0.14
果实 Fruit	果皮条带变异 Pericarp banding variation	1	0.14
种子 Seed	种子变小、变少、颜色变深 The seed becomes smaller，fewer and darker	2	0.27
种子 Seed	种皮表面有不规则裂纹 Irregular cracks on seed coat surface	1	0.14
总计 Total		154	20.56

部位 Part	描述 Description	株数 Number of plant	变异率/% Frequency
叶 Leaf	叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing	1	0.14
	叶形变异 Leaf shape variation	1	0.14
	幼苗期叶片畸形 Leaf deformity at seedling stage	74	9.88
	叶色嵌合体 Leaf color chimera	7	0.93
	叶片斑点 Leaf spots	2	0.27
花 Flower	两性花 Bisexual flower	11	1.47
	雄花簇生 Male flowers clustered	10	1.30
	雌花花瓣数变异 Variation of petal number of female flowers	15	2.00
	雄花数变异 Number variation of male flowers	23	3.07
茎 Stem	变态茎 Metamorphous stem	3	0.40
茎 Stem	植株叶片簇生 Plant leaves clustered	5	0.67
果实 Fruit	瓜胎形状变异 Shape variation of melon embryo	1	0.14
果实 Fruit	果皮条带变异 Pericarp banding variation	1	0.14
种子 Seed	种子变小、变少、颜色变深 The seed becomes smaller，fewer and darker	2	0.27
种子 Seed	种皮表面有不规则裂纹 Irregular cracks on seed coat surface	1	0.14
总计 Total		154	20.56

EMS/%	子叶平展期 Cotyledon spreading stage	一叶一心期 One leaf one heart stage	两叶一心期 Two leaves and one heart stage
0（对照 Control）	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a
0.5	100.00 ± 0.00 a	96.00 ± 6.93 a	98.00 ± 3.46 ab
1.0	89.67 ± 9.61 bc	98.00 ± 3.46 a	96.00 ± 3.46 ab
1.5	100.00 ± 0.00 a	98.00 ± 3.46 a	89.67 ± 9.61 b
2.0	83.33 ± 4.04 c	98.00 ± 3.46 a	96.00 ± 6.92 ab
2.5	94.00 ± 6.00 ab	90.67 ± 8.32 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a

EMS/%	子叶平展期 Cotyledon spreading stage	一叶一心期 One leaf one heart stage	两叶一心期 Two leaves and one heart stage
0（对照 Control）	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a
0.5	100.00 ± 0.00 a	96.00 ± 6.93 a	98.00 ± 3.46 ab
1.0	89.67 ± 9.61 bc	98.00 ± 3.46 a	96.00 ± 3.46 ab
1.5	100.00 ± 0.00 a	98.00 ± 3.46 a	89.67 ± 9.61 b
2.0	83.33 ± 4.04 c	98.00 ± 3.46 a	96.00 ± 6.92 ab
2.5	94.00 ± 6.00 ab	90.67 ± 8.32 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a

部位 Part	描述 Description	株数 Number of plant	突变率/% Frequency
叶 Leaf	叶色黄化转绿Yellowing to greening of leaf color	1	0.15
	叶形变异 Leaf shape variation	4	0.58
	叶色嵌合体 Leaf color chimera	3	0.43
花 Flower	两性花 Bisexual flower	57	8.27
	雄花簇生 Male flowers clustered	10	1.45
	花瓣畸形 Petal deformity	6	0.87
	雌雄花并蒂 Unisexual flower	3	0.43
	雌花花瓣数变异 Variation of petal number of female flowers	15	2.18
	雄花数变异 Number variation of male flowers	33	4.79
	强雄株 Strong male plant	1	0.15
总计 Total	M₁群体变异类型 Population variation type of M₁ generation	133	19.30

Screening and Phenotypic Analysis of EMS Induced Mutants in Watermelon

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部位 Part	描述 Description	株数 Number of plants	突变率/% Frequency
叶 Leaf	子叶连结 Cotyledon junction	2	0.10
	三片子叶 Three cotyledons	7	0.34
	叶片畸形 Leaf deformity	21	1.03
	叶片簇生 Leaf fascicle	3	0.14
	叶色变浅 Pale leaf color	19	0.94
	叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing	2	0.10
	叶片黄绿 Leaf yellow green	3	0.14
	叶片灰绿 Leaf gray green	2	0.10
	叶缘内卷 Leaf margin involution	3	0.14
	叶变狭长 Leaf become narrow and long	1	0.05
茎 Stem	茎并生 Stem juxtaposition	1	0.05
果实 Fruit	果皮条带变异 Pericarp banding variation	1	0.05
其他 Other	生长发育迟缓 Growth retardation	41	2.02
总计 Total		106	5.21

材料 Material	黄化幼叶 Yellowing young leaves	绿色成叶 Green mature leaves
M08	50.9 ± 1.37 b	63.2 ± 2.49 a
M₁-5	15.1 ± 1.48 d	44.2 ± 1.68 c

发育时期 Growth period	材料 Material	叶绿素a/ (m · g^-1) Chl.a	叶绿素b/ (mg · g^-1) Chl.b	类胡萝卜素/ (mg · g^-1) Car.	总叶绿素/ (mg · g^-1) Chl.	叶绿素a/b Chl.a/Chl.b	类胡萝卜素/ 总叶绿素 Car./Chl.
幼叶期 Young leaf stage	M08	2.15 ± 0.07 a	0.75 ± 0.03 a	0.47 ± 0.02 b	2.91 ± 0.10 a	2.87 ± 0.09 b	0.16 ± 0.01 d
幼叶期 Young leaf stage	M₁-5	0.58 ± 0.01c	0.08 ± 0.01 c	0.41 ± 0.02 c	0.66 ± 0.02 c	7.66 ± 2.31 a	0.63 ± 0.04 a
成叶期 Mature leaf stage	M08	2.24 ± 0.08 a	0.78 ± 0.02 a	0.61 ± 0.02 a	3.02 ± 0.10 a	2.87 ± 0.07 b	0.20 ± 0.05 bc
成叶期 Mature leaf stage	M₁-5	1.32 ± 0.03b	0.22 ± 0.01 b	0.32 ± 0.01 d	1.54 ± 0.04 b	5.98 ± 0.20 a	0.21 ± 0.06 b

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