Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1297

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 724-736.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1297

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

YAN Juan¹^,^*, ZHAO Bintao¹^,²^,^*, SUN Meng¹, SONG Hongfeng¹, CAI Zhixiang¹, LI Jiyao¹^,², SU Ziwen¹^,², ZHANG Minghao³, SHEN Zhijun¹, XU Jianlan¹, MA Ruijuan¹, YU Mingliang¹^,^**()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement，Institute of Pomology，Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanjing 210014，China
2. College of Horticulture，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210014，China
3. Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute，Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shanghai 201403，China

Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2022-11-29 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-27

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this research is to provide reference for the new germplasms creating，new cultivar breeding and regions of peach with low chilling requirement through clarifying the impact of air temperature change on the adaptability. Based on the air temperature data of 12 regions with different geographical locations and climate types in China from 2011 to 2021，this paper evaluates the chilling accumulation of the tested regions for breaking peach dormancy，and counts the chilling requirement of 589 peach resources by 0-7.2 ℃ model. Then，this study analyzes the air temperature change in the studied regions and its impact on the chilling accumulation to judge the peach adaptability challenge and point out some strategies. The results show that the temperature in the regions increased year by year with an average increase of 2 ℃ in 10 years，during the period of peach chilling accumulation from early November to the end of March of the following year，but some great fluctuation of the temperature in some years. There are significant differences of chilling accumulation in various regions. As the reduced latitude （from North to South），the start date of chilling accumulation changes from early to late，and the end date changes from late to early，and days of the chilling accumulation gradually decreased. The average chilling accumulation in each region varies from 4.5 to 1 315 h in 10 years. There is an obvious downward trend of the chilling accumulation year by year in each region with the lower the latitude，the more lowering tendency. In addition，the climate type also affects the chilling accumulation. The decrease of chilling accumulation in each region had a slight or moderate or severe impact on the peach adaptability with different chilling requirement. Based on these results，the range of peach chilling requirement in tested regions is predicted. The range of peach cold requirements for growth in different regions was predicted as follows：< 1 000 h for Beijing，Mengyin，Zhengzhou and Nanjing，600-700 h for Shanghai and Hangzhou，< 400 h for Guilin，< 200 h for Wenshan and Gutian（400 h adaption for some high-altitude areas in Gutian），< 100 h for Fuzhou and < 50 h for Guangzhou. There is non-dormant and evergreen peach in Hainan Province. In the future，the development of peach industry needs to increase the creating and breeding new germplasms and varieties with low chilling requirement，and also optimize the variety layout，and reasonably formulate the south extension cultivation plan.

Key words: peach, chilling requirement, air temperature change, adaptability, challenge

CLC Number:

S662.1

YAN Juan, ZHAO Bintao, SUN Meng, SONG Hongfeng, CAI Zhixiang, LI Jiyao, SU Ziwen, ZHANG Minghao, SHEN Zhijun, XU Jianlan, MA Ruijuan, YU Mingliang. Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(4): 724-736.

Figures/Tables 6

References 43

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地点 Region	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	气候类型 Climate type	海拔/m Altitude	站点号 Site number
北京Beijing	40°08′	116°58′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	35.35	54511099999
山东蒙阴 Mengyin，Shandong	36°18′	118°15′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	302.00	54836099999
郑州Zhengzhou	34°52′	113°84′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	150.87	57083099999
南京Nanjing	31°74′	118°86′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	14.93	58238099999
上海Shanghai	31°20′	121°33′	沿海亚热带季风Coastal subtropical monsoon	3.04	58367099999
杭州Hangzhou	30°23′	120°43′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	7.01	58457099999
福建古田 Gutian，Fujian	26°63′	118°15′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	153.00	58834099999
福州Fuzhou	26°08′	119°28′	沿海亚热带海洋季风 Continental subtropical marine monsoon	85.00	58847099999
广西桂林 Guilin，Guangxi	25°22′	110°04′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	173.73	57957099999
云南文山 Wenshan，Yunnan	24°07′	105°07′	内陆高原中亚热带季风 Continental plateau mid-subtropical monsoon	1 251.00	59007099999
广州Guangzhou	23°39′	113°30′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	15.24	59287099999
海南Hainan	19°93′	110°46′	沿海热带季风 Coastal tropical monsoon	22.86	47031199999

地点 Region	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	气候类型 Climate type	海拔/m Altitude	站点号 Site number
北京Beijing	40°08′	116°58′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	35.35	54511099999
山东蒙阴 Mengyin，Shandong	36°18′	118°15′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	302.00	54836099999
郑州Zhengzhou	34°52′	113°84′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	150.87	57083099999
南京Nanjing	31°74′	118°86′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	14.93	58238099999
上海Shanghai	31°20′	121°33′	沿海亚热带季风Coastal subtropical monsoon	3.04	58367099999
杭州Hangzhou	30°23′	120°43′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	7.01	58457099999
福建古田 Gutian，Fujian	26°63′	118°15′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	153.00	58834099999
福州Fuzhou	26°08′	119°28′	沿海亚热带海洋季风 Continental subtropical marine monsoon	85.00	58847099999
广西桂林 Guilin，Guangxi	25°22′	110°04′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	173.73	57957099999
云南文山 Wenshan，Yunnan	24°07′	105°07′	内陆高原中亚热带季风 Continental plateau mid-subtropical monsoon	1 251.00	59007099999
广州Guangzhou	23°39′	113°30′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	15.24	59287099999
海南Hainan	19°93′	110°46′	沿海热带季风 Coastal tropical monsoon	22.86	47031199999

地区 Region	起始日期/结束日期/区间天数/d Start date/end date/interval days
地区 Region	2011—2012	2012—2013		2013—2014	2014—2015	2015—2016
北京Beijing	11-13/03-22/131	11-03/03-31/149		11-17/03-13/117	11-07/03-15/129	11-06/03-17/133
蒙阴Mengyin	11-20/03-26/128	11-04/03-27/144		11-10/03-15/126	11-16/03-15/120	11-17/03-17/122
郑州Zhengzhou	11-23/03-22/121	11-23/03-26/124		11-19/03-09/111	11-27/03-12/106	11-22/03-01/101
南京Nanjing	11-30/03-14/106	11-24/03-21/118		12-06/03-08/93	12-01/03-13/103	11-24/02-26/95
上海Shanghai	12-01/03-13/104	12-04/03-04/91		11-27/03-11/105	12-01/03-11/101	12-04/03-14/102
杭州Hangzhou	11-30/03-14/106	12-07/03-04/88		12-09/03-14/96	12-01/03-11/101	11-26/03-15/110
古田Gutian	12-23/02-29/68	12-30/02-13/44		12-19/02-21/65	—	01-22/02-17/27
福州Fuzhou	01-04/02-28/56	—		02-09/02-21/13	—	—
桂林Guilin	01-03/03-10/68	12-18/03-03/76		12-20/03-09/79	01-28/03-08/40	01-12/02-27/47
文山Wenshan	12-09/03-13/96	12-29/02-22/56		12-15/02-21/69	12-11/02-12/64	12-15/02-27/75
广州Guangzhou	—	—		02-09/02-20/12	—	01-23/02-03/12
海南Hainan	—	—		—	—	—
北京Beijing	11-01/03-24/144		11-03/03-13/131	11-13/03-24/132	11-18/03-16/120	11-02/03-21/140
蒙阴Mengyin	11-22/03-17/116		11-17/03-23/127	12-03/03-14/102	11-25/03-15/112	11-19/03-22/124
郑州Zhengzhou	11-21/03-08/108		11-29/03-09/101	12-04/03-11/98	11-29/03-06/96	11-20/03-02/103
南京Nanjing	11-22/03-02/101		11-30/03-11/102	12-06/03-04/89	11-27/03-11/105	11-27/03-09/103
上海Shanghai	12-14/03-17/94		12-05/03-10/96	12-06/03-08/93	12-18/02-20/65	12-13/03-09/87
杭州Hangzhou	12-14/03-16/93		12-01/03-21/111	12-06/03-10/95	12-18/03-06/80	12-13/03-09/87
古田Gutian	—		01-08/02-14/38	12-29/01-25/28	—	12-31/01-20/21
福州Fuzhou	—		01-29/02-09/12	—	—	12-31/01-14/15
桂林Guilin	01-11/03-02/51		01-04/02-23/51	12-08/03-02/85	01-14/03-04/51	12-29/01-20/23
文山Wenshan	02-09/03-01/21		01-08/02-13/37	12-28/01-23/27	01-25/02-18/25	12-14/01-29/47
广州Guangzhou	—		01-28/02-06/10	—	—	—
海南Hainan	—		—	—	—	—

地区 Region	起始日期/结束日期/区间天数/d Start date/end date/interval days
地区 Region	2011—2012	2012—2013		2013—2014	2014—2015	2015—2016
北京Beijing	11-13/03-22/131	11-03/03-31/149		11-17/03-13/117	11-07/03-15/129	11-06/03-17/133
蒙阴Mengyin	11-20/03-26/128	11-04/03-27/144		11-10/03-15/126	11-16/03-15/120	11-17/03-17/122
郑州Zhengzhou	11-23/03-22/121	11-23/03-26/124		11-19/03-09/111	11-27/03-12/106	11-22/03-01/101
南京Nanjing	11-30/03-14/106	11-24/03-21/118		12-06/03-08/93	12-01/03-13/103	11-24/02-26/95
上海Shanghai	12-01/03-13/104	12-04/03-04/91		11-27/03-11/105	12-01/03-11/101	12-04/03-14/102
杭州Hangzhou	11-30/03-14/106	12-07/03-04/88		12-09/03-14/96	12-01/03-11/101	11-26/03-15/110
古田Gutian	12-23/02-29/68	12-30/02-13/44		12-19/02-21/65	—	01-22/02-17/27
福州Fuzhou	01-04/02-28/56	—		02-09/02-21/13	—	—
桂林Guilin	01-03/03-10/68	12-18/03-03/76		12-20/03-09/79	01-28/03-08/40	01-12/02-27/47
文山Wenshan	12-09/03-13/96	12-29/02-22/56		12-15/02-21/69	12-11/02-12/64	12-15/02-27/75
广州Guangzhou	—	—		02-09/02-20/12	—	01-23/02-03/12
海南Hainan	—	—		—	—	—
北京Beijing	11-01/03-24/144		11-03/03-13/131	11-13/03-24/132	11-18/03-16/120	11-02/03-21/140
蒙阴Mengyin	11-22/03-17/116		11-17/03-23/127	12-03/03-14/102	11-25/03-15/112	11-19/03-22/124
郑州Zhengzhou	11-21/03-08/108		11-29/03-09/101	12-04/03-11/98	11-29/03-06/96	11-20/03-02/103
南京Nanjing	11-22/03-02/101		11-30/03-11/102	12-06/03-04/89	11-27/03-11/105	11-27/03-09/103
上海Shanghai	12-14/03-17/94		12-05/03-10/96	12-06/03-08/93	12-18/02-20/65	12-13/03-09/87
杭州Hangzhou	12-14/03-16/93		12-01/03-21/111	12-06/03-10/95	12-18/03-06/80	12-13/03-09/87
古田Gutian	—		01-08/02-14/38	12-29/01-25/28	—	12-31/01-20/21
福州Fuzhou	—		01-29/02-09/12	—	—	12-31/01-14/15
桂林Guilin	01-11/03-02/51		01-04/02-23/51	12-08/03-02/85	01-14/03-04/51	12-29/01-20/23
文山Wenshan	02-09/03-01/21		01-08/02-13/37	12-28/01-23/27	01-25/02-18/25	12-14/01-29/47
广州Guangzhou	—		01-28/02-06/10	—	—	—
海南Hainan	—		—	—	—	—

地方 Region	不同等级需冷量桃适应性挑战 Adaptability challenge of peach with different chilling requirement					适应的需冷量范围预判 Prediction of peach with suitable chilling requirement range
地方 Region	< 300 h	300 ~ 600 h	600 ~ 900 h	900 ~ 1200 h	≥1 200 h
北京Beijing	√	√	√	√	*	< 1 200 h（考虑到有特殊年份，< 1 000 h为最佳） < 1 200 h（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
蒙阴Mengyin	√	√	√	√	√	基本不受限（考虑到有特殊年份，< 1 000 h为最佳）Basically unlimited（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
郑州Zhengzhou	√	√	√	√	√	基本不受限，（考虑到有特殊年份 < 1 000 h为最佳）Basically unlimited（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
南京Nanjing	√	√	√	*	×	< 1 000 h
上海Shanghai	√	√	*	**	×	< 700 h
杭州Hangzhou	√	√	*	**	×	< 600 h
古田Gutian	*	**	×	×	×	< 200 h（海拔高的区域，可放宽到 < 400 h） < 200 h（< 400 h is ok in areas with high altitude）
福州Fuzhou	*	×	×	×	×	< 100 h
桂林Guilin	√	*	***	×	×	< 400 h
文山Wenshan	*	**	***	×	×	< 200 h
广州Guangzhou	***	×	×	×	×	< 50 h
海南Hainan	×	×	×	×	×	基本不休眠的桃（如常绿系列） Non-dormant peach（for example：evergreen peach）

Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

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