Abstract: ‘Yilan’is a new small fruit type early-maturing yellow flesh cultivar selected from the cross-combination of w-10-20 and w-13-02. It has a vigorous growth potential with average single fruit weight of 2.5 kg and yield of 50.0 t ? hm-2. The fruit shape of‘Yilan’is oval and its shape index is 1.35. The fruit skin is bright green，covered with fine walnut grain and the pericarp thickness is about 0.5 cm. The fruit flesh is yellow，crisp and refreshing. The center sugar content is 12.5%，the edge sugar content is about 10%. The whole growth periods of‘Yilan’in spring cultivation and autumn cultivation were 80 days and 75 days，respectively，and the fruit development period is around 30 days. More importantly，this cultivar has a high resistance to low temperature and low light. It is suitable for protected cultivation in Jianghuai River Basin and the same ecological area.

Key words: watermelon, yellow flesh, cultivar