赤霉素调控连翘异型花柱生长发育的研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0893

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分别用赤霉素（Gibberellin，GA）和赤霉素合成抑制剂多效唑（Paclobutrazol，PAC）注射连翘（Forsythia suspensa）花芽，结果发现，外施GA₃后连翘花柱和花丝显著变长，外施100 μmol · L^-1PAC则连翘花柱和花丝显著变短；长花柱型连翘花柱中的GA₁、GA₄含量显著高于短花柱型连翘，说明GA参与连翘异型花柱的发育。转录组测序后筛选到16个与GA相关的差异表达基因，qRT-PCR分析发现GA生物合成基因CPS、KS、GA3ox及其降解基因GA2ox是影响连翘花柱中活性GA积累和分布的关键基因，GA的受体GID1编码基因EVM0006917的表达受GA的负调控。连翘GA相关基因的差异表达导致花柱中的GA浓度不同，调控花柱的长度。

关键词: 连翘, 异型花柱, 赤霉素, 转录组测序, 差异表达基因

Abstract:

The injection of gibberellin（GA）and the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol（PAC）into flower buds of Forsythia suspensa found that the application of GA₃ significantly lengthens the style and filament，while the application of 100 μmol · L^-1 PAC significantly shortens the style and filament. The GA₁ and GA₄ levels in the long morphs F. suspensa were significantly higher than those in the short morphs F. suspensa，indicating that GA is involved in the development of F. suspensa heterostyly. After transcriptome sequencing of F. suspensa styles，16 differentially expressed genes related to GA were screened. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the gibberellin biosynthesis genes CPS，KS，GA3ox，and their degradation gene GA2ox are key genes influencing the accumulation and distribution of active GA in F. suspensa styles. The expression of the GA receptor GID1 encoding gene EVM0006917 is negatively regulated by GA. The differential expression of GA-related genes in F. suspensa leads to variations in GAconcentration in the style，further regulating the length of the style.

Key words: Forsythia suspensa, heterostyly, gibberellin, transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed gene

樊阿梅, 靳亚鑫, 何龙娇, 李琦, 张燕青, 邵祺, 宋芸, 牛颜冰, 乔永刚. 赤霉素调控连翘异型花柱生长发育的研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(11): 3016-3030.

FAN Amei, JIN Yaxin, HE Longjiao, LI Qi, ZHANG Yanqing, SHAO Qi, SONG Yun, NIU Yanbing, QIAO Yonggang. Effects of Gibberellin on the Growth and Development of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 3016-3030.

图/表 11

表1 qRT-PCR的相关引物

Table 1 Related primers of qRT-PCR

用途 Purpose	正向引物 Forward primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	反向引物 Reverse primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
内参基因 Internal reference gene	HIS-F	ACAAAGGCGGCGAGAAA	HIS-R	CTCTGTGCTCTTCTGGTACTTC
GA合成通路 GA synthetic pathway	EVM0024583-F EVM0027506-F EVM0030789-F EVM0010307-F	CCAGGAACAACATCAGAGAGAA TGAAGTCACTAGCCTACCAAATC CTGTGCCAGAGAACTGAATTTG AGATAGCTCCATTGCCTTCAC	EVM0024583-R EVM0027506-R EVM0030789-R EVM0010307-R	GCCAAGAAATATGCGAGAAGAAG CGGGCAACAGGGATAAGAAT GCTAGGTTTCGGTTTCCCTTA TTTCTCAAACCGACCCAATCT
GA信号转导通路 GA signal transduction pathway	EVM0012399-F EVM0014378-F EVM0026148-F EVM0026697-F EVM0030590-F EVM0031238-F EVM0015149-F EVM0024372-F EVM0004636-F EVM0011029-F EVM0006917-F EVM0018971-F	GGAAGACAAGCAGCGGATTA GAACTTGAGAGGGCACTTCTT GAAGTGTAGGGAGCCAGAAAG TTGGCCCGGATTGCATAA GGTGAGATCAGGTTACCACAAA CTGTTTATGGGCTGGATGACT GAGAGTGCTCAAGAAGCATAGT CCGTGAGGCTCTGTTTCATTA GTGAGTGGGCTCAGGTAATG TTCCAGCAACCTGTATCTTCC CTCTCATGGCTGGTGGTAATG CACTCATTCCTCGGCCAATA	EVM0012399-R EVM0014378-R EVM0026148-R EVM0026697-R EVM0030590-R EVM0031238-R EVM0015149-R EVM0024372-R EVM0004636-R EVM0011029-R EVM0006917-R EVM0018971-R	CGGTATCCTCACACGCTATTATG GTCGGACCATTCACCATCTATT CACCATTTGCCGCCATATAAC GAAAGGGACAGAACTCGAAGAA TTCCAACAAGACAGGGCATAG CTCCTCCATTGCCACTAGATTT GTTTCCTCTCTCTCTCCTCTCA ATCGCTTCCCGTCCAAATAC GCATCACCCAACCCTGAATA CCTCTGTCATGGCGAGATTTAT CGGACGACGAAGCATGTTATAG GAGCGTCGGTAATTCACAGATA

图1 不同浓度GA和PAC对连翘花器官的影响不同小写字母表示连翘花柱和花丝长度在不同处理下差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentrations gibberellin and PAC on flower organs of Forsythia suspensa Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the length of F. suspensa styles and filaments under different concentrations（P < 0.05）

图2 GA3和PAC处理对长花柱型（A）和短花柱型（B）连翘细胞的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 2 The effects of GA3 and PAC treatments on long style morph（A）and short style morph（B）Forsythia suspensa cells Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）

图3 连翘花柱赤霉素的含量

Fig. 3 The content of gibberellin in the style of Forsythia suspensa * P < 0.05

图4 连翘花柱差异代谢物KEGG富集图

Fig. 4 KEGG enrichment map of differential metabolites in Forsythia suspensa style

图5 连翘COG注释分类统计图

Fig. 5 Statistical chart of COG annotation classification for Forsythia suspensa

图6 连翘GO富集柱状图

Fig. 6 Forsythia suspensa GO enrichment bar chart

图7 连翘KEGG通路富集散点图

Fig. 7 Scatter plot of KEGG pathway enrichment in Forsythia suspensa

图8 赤霉素信号转导途径中差异基因的表达分析 L：长花柱型；S：短花柱型。下同。* P < 0.05；** P < 0.01

Fig. 8 Analysis of differential gene expression in the gibberellin signal transduction pathway L：Long style morph；S：Short style morph. The same below. * P < 0.05；** P < 0.01

图9 连翘花柱GA合成、代谢和信号转导示意图

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of GA synthesis，metabolism，and signal transduction in the style of Forsythia suspensa

图10 GA3和PAC处理后赤霉素相关基因的表达

Fig. 10 Expression of gibberellin-related genes after GA3 and PAC treatment * P < 0.05；** P < 0.01

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