不同供氮水平对番茄果实心室数量的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0867

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用不同氮浓度的营养液处理番茄幼苗，分析其茎尖内营养物质含量、酶活性、内源激素含量及基因表达变化，以探究不同供氮水平调控番茄心室数量的作用机制。结果显示，提高氮营养水平，可促进番茄花芽分化，增加果实心室数量和幼苗茎尖内可溶性蛋白质、淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖的含量及POD、NR、PPO酶活性，与果实心室数量密切相关的是可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量及POD、NR、PPO活性；提高氮营养水平还增加了幼苗茎尖细胞分裂素、赤霉素、茉莉酸含量。转录组筛选出与花芽分化密切相关的过氧化物酶基因PRX44-like、PRX3-like和PRX66，赤霉素合成基因GA2ox2，细胞分裂素合成基因TLOG1、CKX2。结合生理指标变化，推测提高苗期氮营养水平，可能通过调控PRX44-like和GA2ox2基因表达，增加POD酶活性和赤霉素含量，进而影响番茄果实心室数量。

关键词: 番茄, 氮营养, 花芽分化, 过氧化物酶, 赤霉素, 果实心室

Abstract:

Tomato seedlings were treated with nutrient solutions containing varying nitrogen concentrations. The nutrient content，enzyme activity，endogenous hormone levels，and gene expression changes in the shoot tips were analyzed to explore the mechanisms by which different nitrogen supply levels regulate the locule number of tomato fruit. The results indicate that increasing nitrogen nutrition levels accelerate tomato flower bud differentiation，increase the locule number of fruits and the content of soluble protein，starch，sucrose，and soluble sugar and enhances POD，NR，and PPO enzyme activities in the seedling stem tips. Closely related to the locule number of fruits is soluble protein，soluble sugar content and POD，NR and PPO activities. Furthermore，higher nitrogen nutrition levels lead to increased levels of cytokinins，gibberellins，and jasmonic acid in the stem tips. The transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes，including peroxidase genes PRX44-like，PRX3-like，and PRX66，alongside gibberellin synthesis gene GA2ox2 and cytokinin synthesis genes TLOG1 and CKX2. Based on the observed physiological changes，it is speculated that enhancing nitrogen nutrition levels during the seedling stage may regulate the expression of PRX44-like and GA2ox2 genes，thereby increasing POD enzyme activity and gibberellin content，ultimately influencing the locule number of tomato fruit.

Key words: tomato, nitrogen nutrition, flower bud differentiation, peroxidase, gibberellin, fruit locule

孙美华, 孙慧贤, 赵晏俪, 李婧, 田林林, 苗妍秀, 白龙强, 侯雷平, 张毅, 李天来. 不同供氮水平对番茄果实心室数量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(10): 2737-2747.

SUN Meihua, SUN Huixian, ZHAO Yanli, LI Jing, TIAN Linlin, MIAO Yanxiu, BAI Longqiang, HOU Leiping, ZHANG Yi, LI Tianlai. Effects of Different Nitrogen Concentration on the Locule Number in Tomato Fruit[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2737-2747.

图/表 8

表1 不同处理营养液配方（大量元素部分）

Table 1 Nutrient solution formulations for different treatments（large elements） mg · L-1

氮水平N level	KNO₃	Ca（NO₃）₂ · 4H₂O	NaH₂PO₄ · 4H₂O	KH₂PO₄	NH₄NO₃	CaCl₂	MgSO₄	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
标准Normal	301	912	395.5	--	--	--	400	150	180	140
多High	301	912	395.5	--	286	--	400	250	180	140
少Low	301	70	395.5	--	--	748	400	50	180	140

表2 实时荧光定量试验所用引物

Table 2 Primers used in real-time fluorescence quantitative experiments

目的基因Target gene	引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence
GA2ox2	F：ATTCGGGCTGCGGTTAATGA	R：TCAATCTCTGAGCATGGCGG
TLOG1	F：AAGAGCAGTGTCTGGGATGC	R：AATGATGTGACGGGCAGAGG
CKX2	F：CAAGAGGCCACGGTCATTCT	R：TGTCCACTGATGCCAGCATT
PRX44	F：GGGCCTAGTATAACGGTGCC	R：TGGCGACCCACCATTAGAAC
PRX3	F：ATGCACCATCTCTTGCTGCT	R：GCACATGACACAATCCCAGG
PRX66	F：CTCGAAAAGGCTTGCCCAAC	R：CCAAGTGTGTGTCCACCAGA
ACTIN	F：GATCAGCGTATCCTTCAGAG	R：GGCATTGTAGCAGAGAAAAC

图1 不同供氮水平对番茄花芽分化进程（A，B）、花大小（C，D）和花器官数量（E）的影响 Duncan’s检验，不同的小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 1 Effects of different nitrogen concentrations on tomato flowers bud differentiation process（A，B），flower size（C，D）and number of floral organs（E） Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments（P < 0.05）according to Duncan’s multiple range tests

图2 不同供氮水平对番茄果实（A）、果实大小（B）、单果质量（C）和心室数量（D）的影响 Duncan’s检验，不同的小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 2 Effects of different nitrogen concentrations on tomato fruit（A），fruit size（B），fruit weight（C）and locule number（D） Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments（P < 0.05）according to Duncan’s multiple range tests

图3 不同供氮水平对番茄幼苗茎尖内营养物质含量和酶活性的影响根据Duncan’s检验方法，不同的小写字母表示处理间差异显著性（P < 0.05）

Fig. 3 Effects of different nitrogen concentrations on nutrient content and enzyme activity in stem apex of tomato seedlings Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments（P < 0.05）according to Duncan’s multiple range tests

表3 番茄幼苗茎尖内营养物质含量和酶活性与花和果实性状的相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis of nutrient content and enzyme activity in stem apex of seedlings with flower and fruit traits

性状 Trait	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	淀粉 Starch	蔗糖 Sucrose	可溶性糖 Solube sugar	POD	NR	CAT	PPO
花直径Flower size	0.964^**	0.014	0.821^**	0.969^**	0.929^**	0.963^**	0.152	0.929^**
果实直径Fruit size	0.961^**	0.080	0.876^**	0.868^**	0.934^**	0.919^**	0.379	0.968^**
单果质量Single fruit weight	0.942^**	0.129	0.910^**	0.880^**	0.960^**	0.913^**	0.445	0.986^**
心室数量Locule number	0.845^**	-0.277	0.642	0.812^**	0.770^*	0.939^**	-0.040	0.785^*

图4 多氮对番茄幼苗茎尖中激素含量的影响独立样本t检验，* 表示在P < 0.05水平具有显著性，** 表示在P < 0.01水平具有显著性

Fig. 4 Effects of high nitrogen concentration on hormone content in stem apex of tomato seedlings * means significant at P < 0.05 level，** means significant at P < 0.01 level according to the Independent t-test

图5 多氮对番茄幼苗茎尖中基因表达的影响 * 表示在P < 0.05水平具有显著性，** 表示在P < 0.01水平具有显著性

Fig. 5 Effects of high nitrogen concentration on gene expression in stem apex of tomato seedlings * means significant at P < 0.05 level，** means significant at P < 0.01 level

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