枇杷F1代果实性状遗传倾向分析及综合品质评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0427

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨枇杷果实的多个性状在杂交后代中的变异和遗传倾向，以‘宁海白’（白肉，母本）、‘大房’（黄肉，父本）枇杷及其F₁代100个稳定开花结果的株系为材料，对成熟果实的品质、色泽、次生代谢功能组分、细胞壁组分等4个方面共14个性状进行了测定，并通过主成分分析对杂交后代果实综合品质进行评价。结果表明，果实质量、可溶性固形物、光泽明亮度（L^*）、色饱和度（C^*）、总酚、类黄酮、果胶、细胞壁纤维素、总半纤维素和总木质素含量等10个性状在F₁代中广泛分离且呈正态分布，可滴定酸、固酸比、色调角（H^*）、类胡萝卜素含量等4个性状在F₁代中呈偏态分布。可溶性固形物、可滴定酸表现为趋高遗传的变异趋势，L^*、C^*、H^*、类胡萝卜素含量、果胶含量、细胞壁纤维素含量表现为趋中遗传的变异趋势，果实质量、固酸比、总酚含量、类黄酮含量、总半纤维素含量、总木质素含量表现为趋小遗传的变异趋势。相关性分析显示，果实质量与L^*、C^*、类胡萝卜素含量、总酚含量、总半纤维素含量呈显著正相关，与可溶性固形物含量、H^*、类黄酮含量、果胶含量呈显著负相关。根据主成分分析得到了5个特征值大于1的主成分，累计贡献率为70.424%，主要归纳为果实色泽、风味以及质地等3个方面，并根据综合品质得分成功筛选出了26个品质优良的株系。

关键词: 枇杷, 果实性状, 遗传倾向, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to explore the variation and genetic tendency of multiple traits of loquat fruit in the hybrid offspring，the F₁ loquat lines of‘Ninghaibai’（white pulp，female parent）and‘Oobusa’（yellow pulp，male parent）were used as materials，a total of 14 traits，including quality，color，secondary metabolic functional components，and cell wall components were studied in the mature fruits of 100 lines and their parents. The comprehensive quality of hybrid offspring fruit was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that the 10 traits，including fruit weight，total soluble solids（TSS），gloss brightness（L^*）and color saturation（C^*），total phenolic，flavonoids，pectin，cellulose，total hemicellulose and total lignin were widely separated in the F₁ generation with a normal distribution. Four traits，including titrable acid（TA），ratio of TSS to TA，hue angle（H^*），and carotenoid content showed a skewed distribution in F₁ generation. TSS and TA showed a tendency of higher genetic variation，L^*，C^*，H^*，carotenoid content，pectin content and cell wall cellulose content showed a tendency of intermediate genetic variation，while fruit quality，solid acid ratio，total phenol content，flavonoids content，total hemicellulose content and total lignin content showed a trend of small genetic variation. Correlation analysis showed that fruit quality was positively correlated with L^*，C^*，carotenoid content，total phenol content and total hemicellulose content，and negatively correlated with TSS，H^*，flavonoids content and pectin content. According to the principal component analysis，five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained，and the cumulative contribution rate was 70.424%，which were mainly summarized into three aspects：fruit color，fruit flavor and fruit texture，and 26 excellent quality lines were successfully screened out according to the comprehensive quality score.

Key words: loquat, fruit trait, genetic tendency, principal component analysis, comprehensive quality evaluation

朱启轩, 李晓颖, 武军凯, 葛航, 陈俊伟, 徐红霞. 枇杷F₁代果实性状遗传倾向分析及综合品质评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(6): 1201-1215.

ZHU Qixuan, LI Xiaoying, WU Junkai, GE Hang, CHEN Junwei, XU Hongxia. Genetic Tendency Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Traits in Loquat F₁ Generation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1201-1215.

图/表 11

参考文献 34

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性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
质量/g Weight	33.65	32.24	32.94	31.00	17.36 ~ 57.83	30.37	94.10	-5.90	35.00	61.00
可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids（TSS）	13.96	13.37	13.67	13.67	9.84 ~ 20.13	11.96	99.98	-0.02	42.00	41.00
可滴定酸/% Titrable acid（TA）	0.31	0.15	0.23	0.45	0.08 ~ 1.97	80.89	197.57	97.57	64.00	11.00
固酸比TSS/TA	45.58	87.93	66.75	46.14	6.37 ~ 173.24	68.65	69.12	-30.88	10.00	62.00

性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
质量/g Weight	33.65	32.24	32.94	31.00	17.36 ~ 57.83	30.37	94.10	-5.90	35.00	61.00
可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids（TSS）	13.96	13.37	13.67	13.67	9.84 ~ 20.13	11.96	99.98	-0.02	42.00	41.00
可滴定酸/% Titrable acid（TA）	0.31	0.15	0.23	0.45	0.08 ~ 1.97	80.89	197.57	97.57	64.00	11.00
固酸比TSS/TA	45.58	87.93	66.75	46.14	6.37 ~ 173.24	68.65	69.12	-30.88	10.00	62.00

性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
L^*	58.80	68.06	63.43	62.38	56.28 ~ 68.79	4.22	98.33	-1.67	1.00	9.00
C^*	37.30	16.63	26.97	27.62	18.40 ~ 41.03	18.20	102.44	2.44	7.00	0
H^*	62.98	82.51	72.74	77.13	63.32 ~ 83.72	8.31	106.03	6.03	7.00	0

性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
L^*	58.80	68.06	63.43	62.38	56.28 ~ 68.79	4.22	98.33	-1.67	1.00	9.00
C^*	37.30	16.63	26.97	27.62	18.40 ~ 41.03	18.20	102.44	2.44	7.00	0
H^*	62.98	82.51	72.74	77.13	63.32 ~ 83.72	8.31	106.03	6.03	7.00	0

性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
类胡萝卜素/（mg · kg^-1）Carotenoid	129.94	18.09	74.01	47.06	12.53 ~ 165.48	92.32	63.58	-36.42	8.00	9.00
总酚/（mg · kg^-1） Total phenolic	1 185.18	1 128.43	1 156.81	872.78	392.38 ~ 1 622.04	28.41	75.45	-24.55	12.00	84.00
类黄酮/（mg · kg^-1）Flavonoids	173.40	155.53	164.46	120.37	14.16 ~ 208.23	32.16	73.19	-26.81	7.00	82.00

枇杷F₁代果实性状遗传倾向分析及综合品质评价

Genetic Tendency Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Traits in Loquat F₁ Generation

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性状 Character	大房 Oobusa	宁海白 Ninghaibai	中亲值 Midparent value	F₁	分离范围 Separation range	CV/%	遗传力/% T_a	优势率/% H	超高亲/% HH	低低亲/% L
果胶/（mg · g^-1）Pectin	4.81	12.06	8.44	4.65	2.13 ~ 7.51	24.38	55.06	-44.94	0.00	47.00
细胞壁纤维素/（mg · g^-1）Cellulose	156.42	121.06	138.74	149.47	47.39 ~ 329.84	30.89	107.73	7.73	27.00	15.00
总半纤维素/（mg · g^-1） Total hemicellulose	461.46	452.76	457.11	352.41	86.03 ~ 700.87	23.68	77.10	-22.90	9.00	91.00
总木质素/（mg · g^-1） Total lignin	62.99	67.09	65.04	38.86	0.16 ~ 148.44	71.17	59.75	-40.25	16.00	79.00

性状 Trait	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉	x₁₀	x₁₁	x₁₂	x₁₃	x₁₄
x₁	1	-0.368^**	0.185	-0.082	0.271^**	0.330^**	-0.310^**	0.296^**	0.197^*	-0.390^**	-0.484^**	0.036	0.273^**	-0.043
x₂	-0.368^**	1	-0.038	0.172	0.011	-0.129	0.209^*	-0.149	0.093	0.115	0.365^**	-0.154	-0.170	0.075
x₃	0.185	-0.038	1	-0.630^**	0.329^**	0.005	0.158	-0.086	-0.096	0.101	-0.010	0.081	0.022	0.121
x₄	-0.082	0.172	-0.630^**	1	-0.231^*	0.082	-0.229^*	0.118	0.208*	-0.108	0.045	-0.170	-0.019	-0.100
x₅	0.271^**	0.011	0.329^**	-0.231^*	1	-0.092	0.307^**	-0.253^*	-0.047	-0.026	0.003	-0.052	0.081	0.062
x₆	0.330^**	-0.129	0.005	0.082	-0.092	1	-0.826^**	0.804^**	0.315^**	-0.507^**	0.024	-0.003	0.312^**	0.045
x₇	-0.310^**	0.209^*	0.158	-0.229^*	0.307^**	-0.826^**	1	-0.866^**	-0.277^**	0.390^**	0.056	0.064	-0.148	0.071
x₈	0.296^**	-0.149	-0.086	0.118	-0.253^*	0.804^**	-0.866^**	1	0.278^**	-0.419^**	-0.008	-0.013	0.221^*	-0.040
x₉	0.197^*	0.093	-0.096	0.208^*	-0.047	0.315^**	-0.277^**	0.278^**	1	-0.136	0.101	-0.164	0.220^*	-0.059
x₁₀	-0.390^**	0.115	0.101	-0.108	-0.026	-0.507^**	0.390^**	-0.419^**	-0.136	1	0.199^*	-0.019	-0.362^**	0.068
x₁₁	-0.484^**	0.365^**	-0.010	0.045	0.003	0.024	0.056	-0.008	0.101	0.199^*	1	-0.031	0.001	0.276^**
x₁₂	0.036	-0.154	0.081	-0.170	-0.052	-0.003	0.064	-0.013	-0.164	-0.019	-0.031	1	0.465^**	-0.097
x₁₃	0.273^**	-0.170	0.022	-0.019	0.081	0.312^**	-0.148	0.221^*	0.220^*	-0.362^**	0.001	0.465^**	1	-0.016
x₁₄	-0.043	0.075	0.121	-0.100	0.062	0.045	0.071	-0.040	-0.059	0.068	0.276^**	-0.097	-0.016	1

性状 Character	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
果实质量 Fruit weight	-0.520	-0.529	0.035	0.148	0.428
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids（TSS）	0.289	0.458	-0.358	-0.004	0.050
可滴定酸 Titrable acid（TA）	-0.147	0.681	0.368	-0.282	0.218
固酸比 TSS/TA	-0.192	0.709	0.190	-0.195	0.388
L^*	0.245	-0.460	-0.382	0.042	0.564
C^*	0.873	-0.007	0.215	-0.122	0.182
H^*	0.886	-0.189	0.024	-0.175	0.221
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	-0.872	0.122	-0.125	0.126	-0.249
总酚 Total phenolic	-0.406	0.255	-0.350	-0.063	0.378
类黄酮 Flavonoids	0.609	0.152	-0.047	0.066	-0.287
果胶 Pectin	-0.222	-0.388	0.674	0.266	0.097
细胞壁纤维素 Cellulose	0.059	0.382	-0.137	0.738	0.349
总半纤维素 Total hemicellulose	0.419	0.288	0.228	0.714	-0.109
总木质素 Total lignin	-0.105	-0.021	0.600	-0.104	0.192
特征值 Eigenvalues	3.556	2.187	1.520	1.346	1.250
方差贡献率/% Rate of variance	25.399	15.624	10.854	9.616	8.931
累计贡献率/% Rate of cumulative variances	25.399	41.023	51.877	61.493	70.424

种质编号 Germplasm No.	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	综合得分 Synthesis scores	排序 Sorting
ND-083	3.738	-0.242	-0.415	3.093	-0.490	1.591	1
ND-163	1.995	1.726	-0.780	0.110	1.144	1.142	2
ND-257	1.548	1.857	1.000	-0.769	0.152	1.039	3
ND-097	1.501	1.669	0.741	-0.063	-0.137	1.000	4
ND-166	1.898	0.024	1.337	0.418	-0.034	0.949	5
ND-345	0.243	2.966	0.528	-0.773	1.789	0.948	6
ND-092	1.561	2.076	0.229	-1.116	0.089	0.918	7
ND-039	1.973	1.028	-0.246	0.988	-1.018	0.908	8
ND-091	1.216	0.804	2.356	0.085	-0.980	0.868	9
ND-225	0.885	2.046	0.877	-0.345	-0.073	0.852	10
ND-168	0.681	2.731	-0.131	-0.503	0.661	0.847	11
ND-192	2.483	-0.057	-0.577	-0.197	0.390	0.816	12
ND-284	1.470	1.303	-0.214	-0.472	0.490	0.784	13
ND-160	1.298	0.756	0.029	-0.035	0.985	0.760	14
ND-110	1.791	-0.290	1.112	-0.193	0.115	0.741	15
ND-170	1.388	-0.397	1.276	0.623	0.355	0.739	16
ND-256	1.389	0.922	0.596	0.249	-0.931	0.713	17
ND-172	1.690	0.391	0.497	-0.652	0.034	0.688	18
ND-407	0.486	0.186	1.692	0.610	0.961	0.683	19
ND-106	1.210	0.097	0.848	-0.350	0.798	0.642	20
ND-155	1.552	-0.263	0.034	0.447	0.542	0.636	21
ND-059	1.996	0.368	0.142	-0.496	-0.987	0.631	22
ND-048	2.488	0.067	-0.287	-0.167	-1.746	0.624	23
ND-096	0.892	0.943	1.146	-0.170	-0.489	0.622	24
ND-171	0.960	-0.012	1.542	-0.239	0.543	0.617	25
ND-087	2.215	0.291	-0.474	-0.056	-1.572	0.584	26
宁海白 Ninghaibai	2.225	1.720	-3.781	-2.247	2.148	0.567	27
大房 Oobusa	-3.059	1.062	-1.153	-0.188	-1.648	-1.280	96

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