桃镁离子转运蛋白MGT基因家族鉴定与表达分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究桃树镁离子转运蛋白（Magnesium Transporters，MGT）家族基因在镁离子运输中所起的作用，全基因组鉴定、分析了桃树MGT家族成员（PpMGT），并研究外源施镁对PpMGT基因表达的影响。通过同源比对、保守位点分析鉴定获得了8个PpMGT，在Chr1、Chr3、Chr6、Chr8染色体上不均匀分布。系统发育研究表明植物MGT家族可分为5个分支，各分支成员数存在差异。基因和蛋白结构分析发现PpMGT含有4 ~ 13个外显子，蛋白中存在10个保守基序，启动子上游分布有不同数量的胁迫响应、转录调控、节律调控、激素响应和发育调控元件。PpMGT在桃树花、果、叶、根器官均有表达且具有组织表达特异性。桃树外源喷施MgCl₂ 24 h后，检测到PpMGT转录表达变化。喷施镁使叶片、果皮出现不同的差异表达基因类群，均涉及光合途径。研究发现PpMGT4、PpMGT6、PpMGT8与喷镁后光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素a/b蛋白复合体基因表达变化正相关。异源表达PpMGT4、PpMGT6、PpMGT8可补偿Mg²⁺转运缺陷突变株MM281（鼠伤寒沙门氏菌突变株）生长缺陷，表明PpMGT4、PpMGT6、PpMGT8具有镁离子转运功能。根据序列特征、表达模式及外源镁喷施结果，推测PpMGT可能具有功能分化，通过协同作用调节桃树镁转运，PpMGT4、PpMGT6、PpMGT8的表达变化可能与外源镁摄入和利用相关。

关键词: 桃, 镁, 镁离子转运蛋白, 基因表达, 功能分化

Abstract:

To investigate the roles of magnesium transporters（MGTs）in magnesium transportation，the genome-wide identification of peach（Prunus persica）MGTs（PpMGTs）was performed and their effects in exogenous magnesium application on peach tree were studied. A total of eight PpMGTs，which were unevenly distributed in four chromosomes（Chr1，Chr3，Chr6 and Chr8），were identified based on protein homology searches and conserved domain analyses. System evolution analysis results suggested that plant MGTs could be grouped into five different clades which show quantitative differences in species-specific MGTs. PpMGTs had 4-13 exons，ten conserved motifs in protein sequence，and diverse cis-elements of stress response，transcriptional regulation，circadian rhythm，phytohormone response and developmental growth in their upstream promoters. All PpMGTs were transcribed in flowers，fruits，leaves and roots with their unique tissue specific expression pattern. The distinct transcriptional changes of PpMGTs could be observed after exogenous magnesium spraying. Differentially expressed genes found before and after exogenous magnesium application were discrepant in peach leaves and peels，but some of them were commonly involved in the photosynthesis pathway. The transcriptional profile and correlation analysis results suggested that expressional changes of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex genes were positively corelated with transcriptional levels of PpMGT4，PpMGT6 and PpMGT8. Heterologous expression of PpMGT4，PpMGT6 and PpMGT8 were able to rescue growth defects of magnesium transport mutant MM281（Salmonella typhimurium mutant），suggesting these three proteins were serving important magnesium transport functions. Thus，the results from sequence characteristics，expressional profiles and exogenous magnesium application showed that PpMGTs had potential functional diversity and synergistic effects in magnesium transport and utilization. The expressional changes of PpMGT4，PpMGT6 and PpMGT8 may associate with exogenous magnesium intake and magnesium utilization.

Key words: Prunus persica, Mg, MGT, gene expression, functional diversity

周平, 颜少宾, 郭瑞, 金光. 桃镁离子转运蛋白MGT基因家族鉴定与表达分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(3): 463-478.

ZHOU Ping, YAN Shaobin, GUO Rui, JIN Guang. Identification and Expressional Analysis of MGT Gene Family in Prunus persica[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 463-478.

图/表 10

表1 PpMGT蛋白特性

Table 1 The properties of PpMGTs

基因 Gene	ID	染色体 Chromosome	氨基酸数 Number of amino acids	分子量/kD MW	等电点 pI	跨膜域 Transmem- brane	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
PpMGT1	Prupe.1G027800	Chr1	393	43.71	4.64	2	质膜，叶绿体 Plasma membrane，chloroplast
PpMGT2	Prupe.1G287300	Chr1	433	47.53	4.98	2	高尔基体，细胞质 Golgi，cytoplasm
PpMGT3	Prupe.1G575700	Chr1	455	50.79	5.14	2	叶绿体，线粒体 Chloroplast，mitochondrion
PpMGT4	Prupe.3G100200	Chr3	472	53.39	5.30	1	高尔基体，细胞质 Golgi，cytoplasm
PpMGT5	Prupe.6G116100	Chr6	452	50.71	6.21	2	质膜，叶绿体 Plasma membrane，chloroplast
PpMGT6	Prupe.8G147300	Chr8	491	54.70	4.64	2	叶绿体，细胞质 Chloroplast，cytoplasm
PpMGT7	Prupe.8G147400	Chr8	460	51.20	4.84	2	叶绿体，液泡 Chloroplast，vacuole
PpMGT8	Prupe.8G231400	Chr8	435	48.81	4.54	2	质膜，叶绿体 Plasma membrane，chloroplast

图1 桃MGT蛋白多序列比对 η代表蛋白质310螺旋；螺旋线代表α-螺旋；箭头代表β-折叠；TT代表β-转角。

Fig. 1 Multiple protein sequence alignment of the PpMGTs The η symbols refer to 310-helix，and squiggles and arrows indicate α-helices and β-strands. TT letters show β-turns.

图2 MGT家族成员演化分析物种为桃（Pp，）、拟南芥（At，）、水稻（Os，）、番木瓜（Cp，）、毛果杨（Pt，）、番茄（Sl，）、葡萄（Vv，）、无油樟（Amt，）、苹果（Md，）、梨（Pc，）、梅（Pm，）、喜阴悬钩子（Ro，）、草莓（Fv，）、樱桃（Pa，）、野蔷薇（Rm，）、江南卷柏（Sm，）、莱茵衣藻（Cr，）、盐生杜氏藻（Ds，）。

Fig. 2 Evolutionary analysis of MGT family members Prunus persica（Pp，），Arabidopsis thaliana（At，），Oryza sativa（Os，），Carica papaya（Cp，），Populus trichocarpa（Pt，），Solanum lycopersicum（Sl，），Vitis vinifera（Vv，），Amborella trichopoda（Amt，），Malus × domestica（Md，），Pyrus communis（Pc，），Prunus mume（Pm，），Rubus occidentalis（Ro，），Fragaria vesca（Fv，），Prunus avium（Pa，），Rosa multiflora （Rm，），Selaginella moellendorffii（Sm，），Chlamydomonas reinhardti（Cr，），and Dunaliella salina（Ds，）.

图3 基于已知系统演化关系的18个物种MGT成员数量统计

Fig. 3 Statistics of MGT family members in 18 species based on their reported phylogenetic relationships

图4 桃、拟南芥与水稻MGT家族成员基因结构（a）及蛋白保守基序分布（b）

Fig. 4 Gene structures（a）and protein motif distributions（b）of MGT families in peach，Arabidopsis，and rice

图5 桃PpMGT启动子顺式作用元件预测分析

Fig. 5 Analysis of cis-acting elements at PpMGTs promoters

图6 桃树PpMGT转录表达水平

Fig. 6 Transcriptional expression analysis of PpMGTs in peach tree

图7 桃树喷镁后叶片、果皮PpMGT表达变化（a）、光合速率（b）比较和代谢通路富集分析（c） * 代表处理与对照有统计学差异（Student t检验）。

Fig. 7 Gene expressional changes（a），photosynthetic rate comparison（b）and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis（c）after magnesium treatment * represents a significant difference between treatment and control group（Student t-test）.

图8 镁处理桃叶片、果皮中光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素a/b蛋白复合体（LHC）基因表达变化（a）及其与MGT基因表达的皮尔逊相关性（b） *和**分别代表DEseq2分析结果中相应基因在对照—处理两组间表达差异处于P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平。

Fig. 8 Expressional changes of Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex（LHC）genes（a）and their correlative relations to MGTs transcriptional changes（b） Symbols * or ** indicate that the corresponding genes were differentially expressed in control-treatment comparisons at P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 levels，analyzing by DEseq2.

图9 利用MM281菌株验证PpMGT功能 MM1927为阳性对照。

Fig. 9 Functional verification of PpMGTs in MM281 strain MM1927 is the positive control in experiment.

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