基于群体转录组的葡萄远缘杂交遗传机制分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0115

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前主要酿酒葡萄品种均为欧亚种，遗传背景单一。本研究中系统分析了51份葡萄核心种质（包括野生种、欧亚种、欧美杂交种品种和种间杂交种4类）绿果期、转色期以及成熟期的果实转录组数据，并从多个角度对不同类型种质进行多样性评估。结果表明欧亚种的多样性极低且自交衰退严重，而野生葡萄保持了较高的多样性，通过远缘杂交可以有效地将野生种的多样性引入栽培种。表达聚类分析和表型分析也表明利用远缘杂交和人工选择可以快速获得具有良好果实品质和较高抗性的新品种。基于转录组的多样性分析可以提供更多DNA水平多样性分析所不具备的信息，可以作为传统多样性研究方法的一种补充。综上，野生种对葡萄育种具有重要作用，远缘杂交是恢复葡萄种群多样性的重要手段。

关键词: 葡萄, 育种, 基因表达, 多样性, 远缘杂交

Abstract: The main grape varieties for wineamking are all belongs to Vitis vinifera，and the genetic background is relative narrow. This study investigated the transcriptome diversity of grape berries in 51 accessions，including wild species，Vitis. vinifera，V. labrusca × V. vinifera and interspecific hybrid at green hard，veraison and ripening stages. The result indicated that the diversity of V. vinifera was extremely low and self-incompatibility was severe. Wild accessions maintained greater diversity，while interspecific hybrids can effectively bring these diversities to the cultivated varieties. Gene expression cluster and phenotypic data analysis also revealed that distant hybridization of cultivated and wild species could obtain good berry quality and strong resistance. In addition，transcriptome based diversity analysis can provide more information，and can serve as a supplement to traditional methods. In summary，wild varieties play an important role in grape breeding，and distant hybridization is an important way to recover grape population diversity.

Key words: grape, breeding, gene expression, diversity, distant hybridization

中图分类号:

S 663.1

王毅, 梁振昌. 基于群体转录组的葡萄远缘杂交遗传机制分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 835-845.

WANG Yi, LIANG Zhenchang. Analysis of Genetic Mechanism of Grape Distant Hybridization Based on Population Transcriptome[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 835-845.

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