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园艺学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1101-1108.

• 果树 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温对杧果花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中核仁及染色体行为的影响

黄镜浩1,2,3;武红霞1;王松标1;梁国鲁3;汪卫星3;马蔚红1*   

  1. (1中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江 524091;2福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福州 350013;3西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716)
  • 收稿日期:2008-04-24 修回日期:2008-06-17 出版日期:2008-08-25 发布日期:2008-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 马蔚红

Effect of Low Temperature on Nucleolus and Chromosomes’ Behavior of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) PMC During Meiosis

HUANG Jing-hao1,2,3, WU Hong-xia1, WANG Song-biao1, LIANG Guo-lu3, WANG Wei-xing3, and MA Wei-hong1*   

  1. (1South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China; 2Pomological Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuhzou 350013, China; 3College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China)
  • Received:2008-04-24 Revised:2008-06-17 Online:2008-08-25 Published:2008-08-25
  • Contact: MA Wei-hong

摘要: 采用改良涂片法对低温和常温条件下杧果‘台农1号’和‘Irwin’花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行观察,结果表明:杧果花粉母细胞胞质分裂为同时型。常温(25~30℃)条件下,花粉母细胞减数分裂过程较为正常,双线期染色体主要形成二价体,二价体构型以“V”型、“O”型、“Y”型、“X”型、点状和棒状等形式存在,并以点状、“V”型和“O”型较多见,出现少量的单价体和多价体,其中台农1号为0.79%和4.76%,Irwin为0和3.57%;同时仅在少量中期Ⅱ和后期Ⅱ花粉母细胞中观察到落后染色体。低温(10~20℃)条件下,减数分裂过程中核仁的行为发生大量异常,微核仁的平均检出率高达22.88%,明显高于常温条件下的平均4.56%;双线期单价体和多价体的发生频率有明显增加,其中台农1号为8.82%和17.65%,Irwin为14.52%和24.19%;减数分裂中期Ⅰ、Ⅱ及后期Ⅰ、Ⅱ均观察到落后染色体,其中台农1号异常率为12.73%、5.63%、15.79%和4.76%,Irwin为11.11%、7.61%、9.52和6.38%。低温条件下减数分裂异常可能是造成雄性不育的重要原因。

关键词: 杧果, 低温, 减数分裂, 异常

Abstract: The developed smearing method was adopted to observe the process of PMC meiosis of 'Tainong 1' and 'Irwin' (Mangifera indica L.) in this article. Results were as follow: The cytoplasm devision of mango PMC was simultaneous type. under normal temperature (25-30℃), the process of pollen mother cell meiosis is normal; The most of chromosomes become bivalents which like "V", "O", "Y", "X", sticks and dots, and mainly like dots, "V" and "O"; and a few of univalent (0.79% of Tainong 1 and 0 of Irwin) and multivalent (4.76% of Tainong 1 and 3.57% of Irwin) had been observed. While under natural low temperature (10-20℃), a great deal of abnormalities, including micro nucleoli, scattered and lagged chromosomes and anaphase bridges were detected during PMC meiosis, even though the abnormalities were different between the two cultivars; the ratio of micro nucleoli was 22.88% of average, which was obviously higher than that of control (4.56% of average under normal temperature); and the ratios of univalent and multivalent in diplotene, which increased seriously, were 8.82% and 17.65% of Tainong 1, and 14.52% and 24.19% of Irwin under natural low temperatures. Abnormalities during meiosis under natural low temperatures might play a role in male sterile.

Key words: Mangifera indica L., low temperature, meiosis, abnormality

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