浙江枇杷根腐病病原菌鉴定及其诱导的寄主内源激素响应特征

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0323

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 2200-2212.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0323

• 植物保护 • 上一篇

浙江枇杷根腐病病原菌鉴定及其诱导的寄主内源激素响应特征

勾秀红¹, 魏悦¹, 秦忆¹, 陈俊伟², 郭启高¹, 梁国鲁¹, 周灿³, 吴頔¹^,^*()

¹ 长江上游农业生物安全与绿色生产教育部重点实验室，三峡库区森林生态修复与利用重庆市重点实验室，西南大学园艺园林学院，重庆 400715
² 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所，杭州 310021
³ 蒙自市芷村镇农业农村发展和财务服务中心，云南蒙自 661102

收稿日期:2026-04-08 修回日期:2026-06-12 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-23
通讯作者:
^* E-mail：wudisuper610@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1600804-4); 中央高校基本科研业务费科研启动项目(SWU-KQ22067); 大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202410635101)

Identification of Pathogen Causing Loquat Root Rot in Zhejiang and Characteristics of Host Endogenous Hormone Response

GOU Xiuhong¹, WEI Yue¹, QIN Yi¹, CHEN Junwei², GUO Qigao¹, LIANG Guolu¹, ZHOU Can³, WU Di¹^,^*()

¹ Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River（Ministry of Education）;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological Restoration and Utilization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture， Southwest University， Chongqing 400715， China
² Institute of Horticulture， Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou 310021， China
³ Agricultural and Rural Development and Financial Services Center of Zhicun Town， Mengzi City，Mengzi， Yunnan 661102， China

Received:2026-04-08 Revised:2026-06-12 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

枇杷根腐病病原菌具多样性与地域特异性，明确产区病原菌种类及致病特性对精准防控至关重要。通过组织分离、形态学观察、分子生物学鉴定和致病性检测，明确了尖孢镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum）为引发浙江省枇杷根腐病的重要致病菌。该菌最适培养温度为30 ℃，最适pH为7 ~ 8，最适碳源为可溶性淀粉，最适氮源为酵母膏和硝酸钾。利用液相色谱—串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）与实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术，系统解析尖孢镰孢菌侵染诱导的枇杷内源激素时空响应动态。结果显示，侵染初期，根部茉莉酸（jasmonic acid，JA）含量下降，中后期含量升高，JA代谢相关茉莉酸羧基甲基转移酶基因（jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase 5，JMT5）先上调后下调表达；而水杨酸（salicylic acid，SA）及其非活性形式水杨酸葡萄糖苷（SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside，SAG）在中期显著积累，后期快速下降。茎部SA含量无显著变化，但SAG和JA在后期大量累积；防御相关基因如几丁质酶基因（chitinase，CHI）和病程相关基因（pathogenesis-related protein 1，PR1）在侵染初期上调表达，但PR1在后期被显著抑制，而JA合成相关脂氧合酶基因（lipoxygenase 22，Lox22）在后期上调表达。综上，尖孢镰孢菌通过干扰枇杷内源激素信号促进侵染，侵染初期干扰JA代谢稳态削弱局部防卫，中期诱导SA积累拮抗JA信号，后期通过抑制SA介导的系统性获得性抗性（systemic acquired resistance，SAR）进一步促进侵染。

关键词: 枇杷, 根腐病, 尖孢镰孢菌, 生物学特性, 水杨酸, 茉莉酸

Abstract:

The pathogens causing loquat root rot exhibit high diversity and regional specificity，making the identification and pathogenicity characterization essential for precise disease management. Through tissue isolation，morphological observation，molecular identification，and pathogenicity assays，Fusarium oxysporum was identified as an important pathogen causing loquat root rot in Zhejiang Province. Biological characterization of the representative isolate（R1）revealed that the optimal culture conditions for mycelial growth of F. oxysporum were 30 ℃ and pH 7-8，with soluble starch as the optimal carbon source，and yeast extract and potassium nitrate as the optimal nitrogen sources. To elucidate the host-pathogen interaction，the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous hormones in loquat following F. oxysporum infection were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）and real-time quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）. The results showed that during the early stage of infection（1 day post-inoculation，1 dpi），the jasmonic acid（JA）content in roots decreased，followed by an increase in the middle（7 dpi）and late（14 dpi）stages. Correspondingly，the expression of jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase 5（JMT5）was initially up-regulated and subsequently down-regulated. Conversely，salicylic acid（SA）and its inactive glucoside form，SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside（SAG），accumulated significantly during the middle stage before declining rapidly in the late stage. In the stems，the SA content showed no significant change，whereas SAG and JA accumulated substantially in the late stage. The expression of defense-related genes，such as chitinase（CHI）and pathogenesis-related 1（PR1），was up-regulated initially；however，PR1 was suppressed in the late stage. In contrast，the JA synthesis-related lipoxygenase 22（Lox22）was up-regulated during the late stage. In conclusion，F. oxysporum facilitates colonization by regulating loquat endogenous hormone signaling networks. In the early stage，it disrupts JA metabolic homeostasis to weaken local defense；in the middle stage，it induces SA accumulation to antagonize JA signaling；and in the late stage，it further facilitates infection by suppressing SA-mediated systemic acquired resistance（SAR）.

Key words: loquat, root rot, Fusarium oxysporum, biological characteristics, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid

勾秀红, 魏悦, 秦忆, 陈俊伟, 郭启高, 梁国鲁, 周灿, 吴頔. 浙江枇杷根腐病病原菌鉴定及其诱导的寄主内源激素响应特征[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(7): 2200-2212.

GOU Xiuhong, WEI Yue, QIN Yi, CHEN Junwei, GUO Qigao, LIANG Guolu, ZHOU Can, WU Di. Identification of Pathogen Causing Loquat Root Rot in Zhejiang and Characteristics of Host Endogenous Hormone Response[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2200-2212.

图/表 8

表1 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR

目的基因 Target	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Sequence	用途 Purpose
CHI	CHI-F	TGGAGGATGGGAAAGTGC	SA信号通路基因 SA signal pathway
CHI	CHI-R	GGGTGAGTTGGATGGGTC
PR1	PR1-F	GCAGCAGTAGGCGTTGGTCCCT
PR1	PR1-R	CCAGTGCTCATGGCAAGGTTTT
Lox22	Lox22-F	GAAGGGGTATGGGCACAA	JA信号通路基因 JA signal pathway
Lox22	Lox22-R	ACATTAACAGTGCCGTTTGG
JMT5	JMT5-F	AGGACCATACTTCCTCCG
JMT5	JMT5-R	CCAAGGAAGGAGAGGGAC

图1 枇杷根腐病的田间自然发病症状 A：地上部症状；B：根部症状；C：病根剖面

Fig. 1 Natural field symptoms of loquat root rot disease A：Above-ground symptoms；B：Root rot symptom；C：Dissection section symptom of an infected root

图2 枇杷根腐病菌的形态学特征 A：代表菌株R1的菌落形态；B：大型分生孢子；C：小型分生孢子

Fig. 2 Morphological characteristics of the loquat root rot pathogen A：Colony morphology of strain R1；B：Macroconidium；C：Microconidium

图3 基于ITS-TEF1-RPB2序列构建的系统发育树

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree based on ITS-TEF1-RPB2 combined gene sequences

图4 枇杷根腐病菌的致病性检测

Fig. 4 Pathogenicity test of loquat root rot pathogen

图5 尖孢镰孢菌R1的生物学特性 A：碳源；B：氮源；C：pH；D：温度。不同小写字母表示处理间的差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 5 Biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum R1 A：Carbon source；B：Nitrogen source；C：pH；D：Temperature. The lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among different treatments（P < 0.05）

图6 尖孢镰孢菌R1侵染对枇杷内源激素含量的影响 A：受尖孢镰孢菌R1侵染后枇杷根和茎中激素的含量变化，其中水杨酸类包含水杨酸（SA）和水杨酸葡萄糖苷（SAG），茉莉酸类包含茉莉酸（JA）、二氢茉莉酸（H2JA）、茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）、氧化戊烯基环戊烷丁酸（OPC-4）、氧化戊烯基环戊烷己酸（OPC-6）、12-氧—植物—二烯酸（OPDA）、茉莉酸—缬氨酸（JA-Val）和茉莉酸—异亮氨酸（JA-Ile），赤霉素类包含赤霉素4（GA4）和赤霉素24（GA24），脱落酸类包含脱落酸（ABA）和脱落酸葡萄糖酯（ABA-GE）；B：侵染后不同时间点根和茎中JA、SA和SAG的含量。星号表示同一时间点R1处理与对照的差异显著性（* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01，*** P < 0.001）

Fig. 6 Effects of Fusarium oxysporum R1 infection on endogenous hormone contents in loquat A：Changes in hormone contents in roots and stems upon F. oxysporum R1 infection. The analyzed hormones include：salicylic acids（SA and SAG），jasmonates（JA，H2JA，MeJA，OPC-4，OPC-6，OPDA，JA-Val，and JA-Ile），gibberellins（GA4 and GA24），and abscisic acids （ABA and ABA-GE）. B：Contents of JA，SA and SAG in the roots and stems at different time post-inoculation. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the R1 treatment and the control group at the same time（* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01，*** P < 0.001）

图7 枇杷根部和茎部SA和JA信号通路相关基因的表达模式分析 A：根部；B：茎部。星号表示同一时间点处理间差异显著（* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01，*** P < 0.001）

Fig. 7 Expression patterns of genes related to SA and JA signaling pathways in loquat roorts and stems A：Roots；B：Stems. The asterisks indicate the significant difference between different groups at the same time（*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01，***P < 0.001）

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浙江枇杷根腐病病原菌鉴定及其诱导的寄主内源激素响应特征

Identification of Pathogen Causing Loquat Root Rot in Zhejiang and Characteristics of Host Endogenous Hormone Response

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浙江枇杷根腐病病原菌鉴定及其诱导的寄主内源激素响应特征

Identification of Pathogen Causing Loquat Root Rot in Zhejiang and Characteristics of Host Endogenous Hormone Response

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