凤梨叶色多样性评价及其呈色机制初探

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0276

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1623-1636.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0276

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

凤梨叶色多样性评价及其呈色机制初探

钟紫琴¹^,³^,⁴^,^*, 谢静瑶²^,^*, 张伟³, 吴竞³, 杨明哲³, 冯筠庭⁴, 陈程杰⁴, 冷妍³, 刘慧³, 汪州³, 刘朝阳³, 梁茵龙³, 曾丽萍³, 马丽³, 贺军虎⁴, 马均¹^,^**(), 何业华³^,^**(), 栾爱萍⁴^,^**()

¹ 四川农业大学风景园林学院，成都 611130
² 广东生态工程职业学院风景园林学院，广州 510520
³ 华南农业大学园艺学院，广州 510642
⁴ 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海口 571101

收稿日期:2025-12-22 修回日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-06-24 发布日期:2026-06-24
通讯作者:
^** E-mail：41185@sicau.edu.cn，
heyehua@hotmail.com，
aipingluan@catas.cn
作者简介:
*共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32472694); 海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025XDNY106); 广东省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2024-NPY-00-027)

Evaluation of Leaf Color Diversity and Preliminary Analysis of the Coloration Mechanisms in Ananas spp.

ZHONG Ziqin¹^,³^,⁴^,^*, XIE Jingyao²^,^*, ZHANG Wei³, WU Jing³, YANG Mingzhe³, FENG Junting⁴, CHEN Chengjie⁴, LENG Yan³, LIU Hui³, WANG Zhou³, LIU Chaoyang³, LIANG Yinlong³, ZENG Liping³, MA Li³, HE Junhu⁴, MA Jun¹^,^**(), HE Yehua³^,^**(), LUAN Aiping⁴^,^**()

¹ College of Landscape Architecture， Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu 611130， China
² College of Landscape Architecture， Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic， Guangzhou 510520， China
³ College of Horticulture， South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642， China
⁴ Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou 571101， China

Received:2025-12-22 Revised:2026-03-10 Published:2026-06-24 Online:2026-06-24
Contact:
^** E-mail：41185@sicau.edu.cn，
heyehua@hotmail.com，
aipingluan@catas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以凤梨属312份原始种质及3个叶色遗传群体为对象，通过测定叶片CIELAB颜色空间参数、色素光谱指数、色素含量构建量化的分类指标，显微观察解析组织细胞特异性对凤梨叶色性状形成的影响，旨在为凤梨叶色表型的精准鉴定和优异基因挖掘提供依据。根据颜色差异可将凤梨叶色划分为白、淡黄、黄绿、浅绿、绿、红和暗红7个类型，分别占材料总数的0.1%、0.1%、3.3%、7.5%、77.3%、4.5%和4.2%；不同类型主要是由3种植物色素的含量和比例差异造成，叶绿素主要分布在叶肉组织和维管组织中，花青苷则存在于表皮细胞、贮水组织中。颜色参数a^*可区分凤梨叶片是否积累花青苷而呈现红色。低温胁迫使叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷3种色素代谢发生改变，且同种色素在不同品种中的代谢响应存在差异。叶片中都含有一定量的花青苷，叶绿素含量在正常范围（≥ 2.0 mg · g^-1）、花青苷含量 > 0.5 mg · g^-1时才显色（肉眼能明显辨别）；叶片中花青苷积累与AcMYB267和AcMYB262表达模式一致，证实它们是调控叶片花青苷积累的转录因子。

关键词: 凤梨, 叶色, 多样性, 量化评价, 呈色机制

Abstract:

This study used 312 Ananas spp. germplasm accessions and three leaf-color genetic populations to establish quantitative classification indices based on measurements of CIELAB color space parameters，pigment spectral indices，and pigment contents. Microscopic observations were conducted to parameters，pigment spectral indices，and pigment contents. Microscopic observations were conducted to analyze how tissue-specific cellular characteristics influence the formation of leaf-color traits in pineapple，providing a basis for accurate phenotypic identification and the discovery of elite genes related to leaf pigmentation in Ananas. Based on color differences，pineapple leaf color was classified into seven types：white，light yellow，yellow green，light green，green，red and dark red，accounting for 0.1%，0.1%，3.3%，7.5%，77.3%，4.5%，and 4.2% of the total germplasm，respectively. These color types were mainly determined by differences in the contents and relative proportions of three plant pigments. Chlorophyll was distributed mainly in the mesophyll and vascular tissues，whereas anthocyanins were localized in the epidermal cells and water storage tissues. The color parameter a^* effectively distinguished whether anthocyanins accumulated in pineapple leaves，indicating the presence of red coloration. Cold stress altered the metabolism of chlorophylls，carotenoids，and anthocyanins，and the metabolic responses of the same pigment varied among different cultivars. Although anthocyanins were detected in all leaves，visible red coloration appeared only when anthocyanin content exceeded 0.5 mg · g^-1 while chlorophyll content remained within the normal physiological range（≥ 2.0 mg · g^-1）. Anthocyanin accumulation in leaves was consistent with the expression patterns of AcMYB267 and AcMYB262，confirming that they function as transcription factors regulating anthocyanin accumulation in pineapple leaves.

Key words: Ananas spp., leaf color, diversity, quantitative evaluation, coloration mechanism

钟紫琴, 谢静瑶, 张伟, 吴竞, 杨明哲, 冯筠庭, 陈程杰, 冷妍, 刘慧, 汪州, 刘朝阳, 梁茵龙, 曾丽萍, 马丽, 贺军虎, 马均, 何业华, 栾爱萍. 凤梨叶色多样性评价及其呈色机制初探[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(6): 1623-1636.

ZHONG Ziqin, XIE Jingyao, ZHANG Wei, WU Jing, YANG Mingzhe, FENG Junting, CHEN Chengjie, LENG Yan, LIU Hui, WANG Zhou, LIU Chaoyang, LIANG Yinlong, ZENG Liping, MA Li, HE Junhu, MA Jun, HE Yehua, LUAN Aiping. Evaluation of Leaf Color Diversity and Preliminary Analysis of the Coloration Mechanisms in Ananas spp.[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1623-1636.

图/表 11

表1 本试验中所用的定量引物及其序列

Table 1 The sequences of qRT-PCR primers in this study

引物名称	引物序列（5′-3′）
Primer name	Primer sequence
qAcactin	F：CTGGCCTACGTGGCACTTGACTT；R：CACTTCTGGGCAGCGGAACCTTT
qAcMYB263	F：ATGTAATGGCAGTACTGACTGGT；R：CCAGCTATCCACTCATCCACT
qAcMYB262	F：TTCTCGCTTCCTCCACATGC；R：CCGTCGTCTTTGTCCTCGTT
qAcMYB266	F：GACCGTGTCAAGCCCATCTC；R：CCAGTCAATACTGCCACTGC
qAcMYB267	F：AGCTTCGCGGATGATGGATT；R：ATCCTCACCGGCATGAGAAC

图1 凤梨叶色表型多样性及7种叶色类型 A：部分凤梨种质叶片颜色与形态；B：同一种质叶尖与中段颜色对比；C：叶片正、背面颜色差异；D：扫描电镜观察叶背鳞毛；E：7种叶色类型：白色（W，代表材料‘金边红苞’×‘紫叶’实生苗）、淡黄色（LY，代表材料‘金边红苞’植株上的突变吸芽）、黄绿（YG）、浅绿（LG）、绿色（G）、红色（R）、暗红（DR）；F：嵌合类型叶片

Fig. 1 Phenotypic diversity and seven types of leaf coloration in Ananas spp. A：Leaf color and morphology of representative Ananas spp. germplasms；B：Color comparison between leaf tip and mid-section within the same germplasm；C：Adaxial and abaxial leaf coloration；D：Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）of abaxial leaf trichomes；E：Seven leaf color types：white（W，A. bracteatus‘Jinbian Hongbao’× A. lucidus‘Ziye’seedling），light yellow（LY，Mutant sucker on A. bracteatus‘Jinbian Hongbao’），yellow green（YG），light green（LG），green（G），red（R）， and dark red（DR）；F：Chimeric leaf type

图2 凤梨叶片结构及色素分布的徒手切片观察 A：绿叶品种‘绿珍珠’；B：红叶品种‘紫叶’；C：彩带绿叶品种‘神湾’。A1、B1：叶片中部的横切面；A2、B2、C2、C3：叶片横切面组织结构；A3、B3：上表皮结构。St：气孔；Ue：上表皮；Le：下表皮；WSP：贮水组织；VB：维管束；LS：叶彩带

Fig. 2 Free-hand sectioning observation of Ananas spp. leaf structure and pigmented tissues A：Green-leaf cultivar‘Lüzhenzhu’；B：Red-leaf cultivar‘Ziye’；C：Green-leaf cultivar‘Shenwan’with leaf streamers. A1，B1：Mid-region transverse section of the leaf；A2，B2，C2，C3：Histological structures of transverse leaf sections；A3，B3：Upper epidermal structures of leaves. St：Stomata；Ue：Upper epidermis；Le：Lower epidermis；WSP：Water storage parenchyma；VB：Vascular bundle；LS：Leaf streamers

图3 不同类型叶色L*、a*、b*值及其空间分布特征 A：亮度值L*；B：红绿值a*；C：黄蓝值b*；D：叶色a*b*二维图；E：叶色 L*a*b*三维图。W：白色；LY：淡黄色；YG：黄绿；LG：浅绿；G：绿色；R：红色；DR：暗红。不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05 水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 3 Bar charts of L*，a*，b* values and spatial distribution characteristics of different leaf color types A：Lightness（L*）；B：Red-green value（a*）；C：Yellow-blue value（b*）；D：Two-dimensional distribution of leaf color in a*b* space；E：Three-dimensional distribution of leaf color in L*a*b* space. W：White；LY：Light yellow；YG：Yellow green；LG：Light green；G：Green；R：Red；DR：Dark red. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05. The same below

图4 不同叶色类型叶片的光谱指数分析 A：叶色表型及光谱成像（同种叶片依次为表型、叶绿素光谱图像、花青苷光谱图像）；B：叶绿素指数（ChlIdx）；C：花青苷指数（AnIdx）

Fig. 4 Spectral index analysis of leaves with different color types A：Leaf color phenotypes and spectral imaging（for each type：phenotype，chlorophyll spectral image，anthocyanin spectral image）；B：Chlorophyll index（ChlIdx）；C：Anthocyanin index（AnIdx）

图5 不同叶色类型叶绿素（Chl）、花青苷（Anth）、类胡萝卜素（Car）含量及比例分析

Fig. 5 Contents and ratios of chlorophyll（Chl），anthocyanins（Anth），and carotenoids（Car）in leaves of different color types

表2 凤梨叶片颜色空间参数、光谱指数与色素含量的相关性分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis of color space parameters，spectral indices，and pigment contents in Ananas spp. leaves

指标 Item	L^*	a ^*	b^*	叶绿素指数 ChlIdx	花青苷指数 AnIdx	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoid content	花青苷含量 Anthocyanin content
L^*	1
a ^*	-0.599	1
b^*	0.753	-0.225	1
叶绿素指数 ChlIdx	-0.779	-0.016	-0.835^*	1
花青苷指数 AnIdx	-0.917^*	0.867^*	-0.591	0.474	1
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content	-0.657	-0.150	-0.624	0.936^**	0.323	1
类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoid content	-0.642	-0.182	-0.630	0.942^**	0.299	0.999^**	1
花青苷含量Anthocyanin content	-0.836^*	0.930^**	-0.502	0.322	0.984^**	0.151	0.126	1

表3 凤梨不同叶色类型量化分类标准

Table 3 Quantitative classification criteria for different leaf color types of Ananas spp.

类型 Type	含量/（mg · g^-1） Content			a^*	叶绿素指数 ChlIdx	花青苷指数 AnIdx
类型 Type	叶绿素 Chlorophyll	花青苷 Anthocyanin	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	a^*	叶绿素指数 ChlIdx	花青苷指数 AnIdx
白White	< 0.9	< 0.05	< 0.02	-2 ~ 0	0 ~ 0.02	0 ~ 0.5
淡黄Light yellow	< 0.9	< 0.05	0.02 ~ 0.2	-5 ~-2	0.02 ~ 0.2	0 ~ 0.5
黄绿Yellow green	1.0 ~ 1.9	< 0.05	0.2 ~ 0.5	-15 ~-5	0.2 ~ 1.0	0 ~ 0.5
浅绿Light green	2.0 ~ 4.9	0.05 ~ 0.5	0.5 ~ 1.0	<-15	1.0 ~ 2.0	0 ~ 1.5
绿Green	≥ 5.0	0.05 ~ 0.5	≥ 1.0	<-15	> 2.0	0 ~ 4.0
红Red	< 4.9	≥ 3.0	0 ~ 1.0	> 10	0.02 ~ 2.0	> 4.0
暗红Dark red	≥ 5.0	≥ 3.0	≥ 1.0	> 5	> 2.0	> 4.0

表4 不同月份温度变化情况

Table 4 Temperature variations across different months

温度指标 Temperature index	2022-11	2022-12	2023-01	2023-02	2023-03
平均高温 Average high temperature	26	25	18	18	25
平均低温 Average low temperature	18	18	9	10	14
最高温 Maximum temperature	31	30	22	26	28
最低温 Minimum temperature	9	9	4	7	11

图6 冬季低温对‘台农17’（绿叶类型）和‘紫叶’（暗红类型）凤梨叶片呈色及叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷含量的影响 1：入冬前；2：寒潮时；3：寒潮后5 d；4：寒潮后15 d

Fig. 6 Winter chilling effects on leaf coloration and contents of chlorophyll，carotenoids，and anthocyanins in Ananas‘Tainong 17’（green leaf type）and‘Ziye’（dark red leaf type） 1：Before winter；2：During the cold wave；3：5 days after the cold wave；4：15 days after the cold wave

图7 花青苷合成调控基因（串联基因簇AARM）在不同叶色类型中的表达

Fig. 7 Expression of AARM-cluster genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in different leaf color types

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凤梨叶色多样性评价及其呈色机制初探

Evaluation of Leaf Color Diversity and Preliminary Analysis of the Coloration Mechanisms in Ananas spp.

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凤梨叶色多样性评价及其呈色机制初探

Evaluation of Leaf Color Diversity and Preliminary Analysis of the Coloration Mechanisms in Ananas spp.

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