柑橘褪绿矮缩相关病毒侵染对青柚和柠檬组织结构及酶活的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0784

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确柑橘褪绿矮缩相关病毒（CCDaV）诱发柑橘症状形成的组织结构及酶活特征，以枳砧‘红宝石’青柚苗和‘尤力克’柠檬实生苗为试验材料，分别接种CCDaV，对其症状表现、组织结构、叶绿体超微结构和酶活性进行研究。结果显示CCDaV可引起两品种叶片明显畸形和褪绿症状，并引起叶脉韧皮部和木质部组织结构畸形发育；‘红宝石’症状产生的更早且更严重，出现脉明症状，叶绿体中淀粉粒更大，淀粉粒与类囊体片层存在较大间隙，造成叶绿体体积膨大、畸形，叶绿体被膜解体；‘红宝石’叶片中SOD、POD、CAT活性极显著升高，‘尤力克’的MDA含量和SOD、CAT、APX活性显著升高。综上所述，CCDaV侵染可导致柑橘叶脉组织发育异常，叶绿体膨大、畸形，以及膜损伤，诱发严重的叶片畸形和褪绿症状，从而影响植物的健康生长和发育。

关键词: 青柚, 柠檬, 柑橘褪绿矮缩相关病毒, 症状, 组织结构, 酶活

Abstract:

To elucidate the histological characteristics and enzymatic activities associated with symptom development in citrus induced by citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated viru（CCDaV），‘Ruby’green pomelo seedlings on trifoliate orange rootstock and‘Eureka’lemon seedlings were inoculated with CCDaV. The symptomatic manifestations，histological structures，chloroplast ultrastructure，and enzyme activities were investigated. The results demonstrated that CCDaV induced pronounced leaf malformation and chlorosis in both cultivars，accompanied by abnormal development in the phloem and xylem tissues of leaf veins. Symptoms appeared earlier and were more severe in‘Ruby’，exhibiting vein clearing. Chloroplasts in ‘Ruby’displayed enlarged starch granules with significant gaps between the granules and thylakoid lamellae，leading to chloroplast swelling，deformation，and disintegration of the chloroplast envelope. The activities of SOD，POD，and CAT increased extremely significantly in‘Ruby’leaves，while MDA content and the activities of SOD，CAT，and APX increased significantly in‘Eureka’. In conclusion，CCDaV infection causes abnormal development in citrus vein tissues，chloroplast swelling and deformation，and membrane damage，inducing severe leaf malformation and chlorosis，thereby impairing plant health，growth，and development.

Key words: green pomelo, lemon, citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus, symptoms, tissue structure, enzyme activity

周俊, 方书洁, 郭雪扬, 张晓男, 徐紫彤, 周冰, 易龙. 柑橘褪绿矮缩相关病毒侵染对青柚和柠檬组织结构及酶活的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(10): 2727-2736.

ZHOU Jun, FANG Shujie, GUO Xueyang, ZHANG Xiaonan, XU Zitong, ZHOU Bing, YI Long. Effects of Citrus Chlorotic Awarf-Associated Virus on the Tissue Structure and Enzyme Activity of Green Pomelo and Lemon[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2727-2736.

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品种 Citrus cultivar	样品 Sample	叶脉 Vein	木质部和髓部 Xylem and medullary part	韧皮部Phloem	叶肉组织Mesophyll tissue	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue	海绵组织 Spongy tissue
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	621.7 ± 1.3	244.4 ± 4.7 （39.3%）^a	141.0 ± 2.7（22.7%）^a	267.9 ± 7.4	49.8 ± 3.2 （18.6%）^b	176.7 ± 20.3（65.9%）^b
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	670.8 ± 4.4^***	169.7 ± 13.6^** （25.3%）^a	146.9 ± 15.4（21.9%）^a	303.0 ± 12.3^*	67.9 ± 7.5^* （22.4%）^b	223.9 ± 6.0*（73.9%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	551.9 ± 1.7	159.9 ± 1.1 （29.0%）^a	130.7 ± 2.7（23.7%）^a	230.9 ± 8.7	47.0 ± 2.5 （20.4%）^b	142.2 ± 4.6 （61.6%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	868.6 ± 2.5^***	322.9 ± 2.9^*** （37.2%）^a	175.8 ± 2.8^***（20.2%）^a	273.2 ± 15.3^*	54.0 ± 2.9 （19.8%）^b	189.7 ± 6.9^**（69.4%）^b

品种 Citrus cultivar	样品 Sample	叶脉 Vein	木质部和髓部 Xylem and medullary part	韧皮部Phloem	叶肉组织Mesophyll tissue	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue	海绵组织 Spongy tissue
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	621.7 ± 1.3	244.4 ± 4.7 （39.3%）^a	141.0 ± 2.7（22.7%）^a	267.9 ± 7.4	49.8 ± 3.2 （18.6%）^b	176.7 ± 20.3（65.9%）^b
‘红宝石’ 青柚 ‘Ruby’ green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	670.8 ± 4.4^***	169.7 ± 13.6^** （25.3%）^a	146.9 ± 15.4（21.9%）^a	303.0 ± 12.3^*	67.9 ± 7.5^* （22.4%）^b	223.9 ± 6.0*（73.9%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	551.9 ± 1.7	159.9 ± 1.1 （29.0%）^a	130.7 ± 2.7（23.7%）^a	230.9 ± 8.7	47.0 ± 2.5 （20.4%）^b	142.2 ± 4.6 （61.6%）^b
‘尤力克' 柠檬 ‘Eureka' lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	868.6 ± 2.5^***	322.9 ± 2.9^*** （37.2%）^a	175.8 ± 2.8^***（20.2%）^a	273.2 ± 15.3^*	54.0 ± 2.9 （19.8%）^b	189.7 ± 6.9^**（69.4%）^b

品种 Citrus cultivar	处理 Treatment	MDA含量/ （μmol · g^-1） MDA content	SOD活性/ （U · g^-1） SOD activities	POD活性/ （×10⁴U · g^-1） POD activities	CAT活性/ （U · g^-1） CAT activities	APX活性/ （U · g^-1） APX activities
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	41.03 ± 10.07	23.89 ± 5.27	9.87 ± 111439.14	156.22 ± 31.07	0.82 ± 0.13^∗∗
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	58.97 ± 3.79	62.40 ± 10.52^∗∗	15.67 ± 9454.88^∗∗	499.37 ± 33.38^∗∗	0.02 ± 0.01
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	40.20 ± 1.00	263.20 ± 47.89	5.09 ± 3167.17	198.83 ± 62.71	2.31 ± 0.63
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	65.00 ± 7.96^∗	476.98 ± 72.38^∗	5.07 ± 1851.14	454.34 ± 19.28^∗	4.60 ± 0.34^∗

品种 Citrus cultivar	处理 Treatment	MDA含量/ （μmol · g^-1） MDA content	SOD活性/ （U · g^-1） SOD activities	POD活性/ （×10⁴U · g^-1） POD activities	CAT活性/ （U · g^-1） CAT activities	APX活性/ （U · g^-1） APX activities
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	41.03 ± 10.07	23.89 ± 5.27	9.87 ± 111439.14	156.22 ± 31.07	0.82 ± 0.13^∗∗
‘红宝石’青柚 ‘Ruby’green pomelo	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	58.97 ± 3.79	62.40 ± 10.52^∗∗	15.67 ± 9454.88^∗∗	499.37 ± 33.38^∗∗	0.02 ± 0.01
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	健康叶片 Healthy leaf	40.20 ± 1.00	263.20 ± 47.89	5.09 ± 3167.17	198.83 ± 62.71	2.31 ± 0.63
‘尤力克’柠檬 ‘Eureka’lemon	患病叶片 Diseased leaf	65.00 ± 7.96^∗	476.98 ± 72.38^∗	5.07 ± 1851.14	454.34 ± 19.28^∗	4.60 ± 0.34^∗