辣椒疫病不同抗性品种内生微生物群落多样性、结构及功能分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0620

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以辣椒感疫病品种（伏地尖和茄门）和抗疫病品种（CM334和SJ-0948）为试验材料，分别提取根、茎、叶部位的DNA，并利用Illumina平台进行细菌16S rRNA基因v3-v4区域和真菌ITS1区域测序。结果表明，不同抗性品种在自然种植状态下内生微生物组成存在明显差异。易感品种伏地尖的根、茎和叶真菌群落的多样性、丰富度指数均显著低于抗病品种。门水平，不同抗性品种根、茎、叶的细菌和真菌优势菌门组成一致，但易感品种伏地尖根、茎、叶的子囊菌门（Ascomycota）真菌丰度均远高于抗病品种。属水平，抗病品种CM334根中优势细菌属有分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium，相对丰度36.96%），茎中有2013Ark19i（15.21%）、发光杆菌属（Photobacterium，5.50%）、甲基杆菌属（Methylobacterium_ Methylorubrum，4.11%），叶中有金色单胞菌属（Aureimonas，3.02%）。易感品种伏地尖中存在较多的有害真菌属，其中镰刀菌属（Fusarium）在根、茎中的占比分别为9.50%和4.23%，枝孢菌属（Cladosporium）在茎、叶中的占比分别为45.46%和51.74%，均显著高于抗性品种。真菌属中，只发现抗性品种中异壳二孢属（Neoascochyta）（根、叶）和被孢霉属（Mortierella）（根）的相对丰度稍高于感病品种。此外，通过Funguild数据库对真菌群落营养型进行分析，易感品种伏地尖的茎、叶中病理营养型真菌的相对丰度较抗性品种（SJ-0948和CM334）高。

关键词: 辣椒, 疫病, 抗性, 内生微生物, 生态位

Abstract:

The total DNA of the roots，stems and leaves samples of peppers were extracted from the susceptible pepper cultivars（Fudijian and Qiemen）and resistant pepper cultivars（CM334 and SJ-0948） respectively，and the v3-v4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS1 region were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The results showed that there were significant differences in the composition of endophytic microorganisms in different pepper cultivars under natural planting. The diversity and richness index of fungal communities in roots，stems and leaves of susceptible cultivars. were significantly lower than those of resistant pepper cultivars. At the phylum level，the dominant bacterial and fungal phyla in the rhizosphere，root and leaves between two types of resistant peppers were the same，but the relative abundance of fungal Ascomycota phylum in the roots，stems and leaves of susceptible pepper（Fudijian）was much higher than that of resistant cultivars at the genus level，the dominant bacterial genera of the resistant pepper（CM334）were Mycobacterium（36.96%）in the root，and 2013Ark19i（15.21%），Photobacterium（5.50%），and Methylobacterium_Methylorubrum（4.11%）in stem，and Aureimonas （3.02%）in the leaves. Moreover，there were more harmful fungal genera in the endogenous parts of susceptible pepper（Fudijian），such as Fusarium accounting for 9.50% and 4.23% in roots and stems，and Cladosporium accounting for 45.46% and 51.74% in stems and leaves，respectively，which were significantly higher than those of two resistant cultivars. Among the fungal genera，only the relative abundance of Neoascochyta（root，leaf）and Mortierella（root）in resistant pepper cultivars was slightly higher than that of the susceptible pepper cultivars. In addition，the analysis of fungal community trophic types through the Funguild database showed that the relative abundance of the fungal communities in pathotroph in the stems and leaves of susceptible pepper（Fudijian）was higher than that of resistant pepper （SJ-0948 and CM334）.

Key words: pepper, phytophthora blight, resistance characteristic, endophytic microbes, ecological niche

蔡泽彦, 张明星, 周池, 陶禹, 杨莎, 李鑫, 李雪峰. 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种内生微生物群落多样性、结构及功能分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(2): 322-336.

CAI Zeyan, ZHANG Mingxing, ZHOU Chi, TAO Yu, YANG Sha, LI Xin, LI Xuefeng. Analysis of Endogenous Microbial Community Diversity，Structure and Function of Pepper Different Resistant Phytophthora Blight Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 322-336.

图/表 8

图1 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种3个生态位的细菌和真菌稀释曲线图

Fig. 1 Endophytic bacterial and fungal rarefaction curves of plant tissues samples from three ecological niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图2 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种3个生态位的微生物群落多样性

Fig. 2 Diversity of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in three ecological niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图3 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种3个生态位的细菌和真菌PCoA分析

Fig. 3 PCoA Analysis of bacterial and fungal communities in three ecological niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图4 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种各生态位细菌群落门水平的相对丰度 R1：SJ-0948；R2：CM334；S1：茄门；S2：伏地尖。下同

Fig. 4 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level in three niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars R1：SJ-0948；R2：CM334；S1：Qiemen；S2：Fudijian. The same below

图5 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种各生态位细菌群落属水平的相对丰度

Fig. 5 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the genus level in three niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图6 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种各生态位真菌群落门水平的相对丰度

Fig. 6 Relative abundance of fungal communities at the phylum level in three niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图7 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种各生态位真菌群落属水平的相对丰度

Fig. 7 Relative abundance of fungal communities at the genus level in three niches of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

图8 辣椒疫病不同抗性品种细菌群落Bugbase表型预测（A）和真菌群落Funguild营养类型分析（B）

Fig. 8 Phenotypic prediction of bacterial community by Bugbase database（A）and trophic type analysis of fungal community by Funguild database（B）of resistant and susceptible pepper cultivars

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