泥炭和蘑菇渣改土对马铃薯根源微生物组及产量的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

改善水旱轮作土壤结构，可提高冬作马铃薯土壤养分供给效率。以马铃薯‘费乌瑞它’为试验材料，探究短期施加泥炭（PS）和蘑菇渣（MR）的土壤改良方式对稻田土壤物理特性及养分组成的综合影响；利用宏扩增子测序分析手段，明确改土处理对根源微生物组结构和功能的影响。结果表明：泥炭和蘑菇渣处理都在一定程度上改变了各粒级团聚体在土壤中的分布比例；两种处理也都可以显著提高土壤有机质含量，增加速效磷与速效钾含量。另外，改土处理提升了根际微生物群落多样性，其中变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门及厚壁菌门在根际和根系内生区域为共有优势菌门。主坐标分析（PCoA）结果显示，相较于细菌群落，马铃薯真菌群落构成相对稳定，受改土处理影响较少。共现网络分析结果显示泥炭土处理表现出更紧密的节点连接及更明显的模块化趋势，并在根系内生菌群中表现最为显著。环境因子与微生物关联分析（CCA）结果显示土壤有机碳（TOC）和全氮（TN）可显著影响细菌及真菌群落组成。综合改土处理下马铃薯的产量结果，认为泥炭土处理较适于稻田土壤改良，具有一定应用推广前景。

关键词: 马铃薯, 泥炭, 蘑菇渣, 微生物群落, 共现网络

Abstract:

Improving soil structure of the paddy-upland rotation is an important measure to enhance the efficiency of soil nutrient supply for winter potatoes. In this study，an investigation was undertaken to explore the comprehensive effects of peat soil（PS）and mushroom residue（MR）short-term application on the soil physicochemical properties and nutrient composition of paddy soils，using the potato cultivar ‘Favorita’as the experimental material. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was utilized to clarify the impact of soil improvement treatments on the structure and function of the root-associated microbiome. Results showed that PS and MR treatments have altered the proportionate distribution of soil aggregates to a certain extent；both treatments also significantly increased soil organic matter content，as well as the levels of available phosphorus and potassium. The soil improvement treatments also enhanced the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community，with Proteobacteria，Actinobacteria，Bacteroidetes，and Firmicutes being the dominant phyla in both rhizosphere and endophytic regions. Principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）results showed that，compared to bacterial communities，fungal community compositions were relatively stable，and less impact on changes induced by soil amendments. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that PS treatment resulted in tighter node connections and a more prominent network modularity tendency，especially among the endophytic compartment. Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）indicated that soil organic carbon（TOC）and total nitrogen（TN）significantly influenced the composition of both bacterial and fungal communities. Considering the potato yield results under the combined soil improvement treatments，peat soil amendment appears to be more suitable for the amelioration of paddy field soils and has potential for application.

Key words: potato, peat soil, mushroom residue, microbial community, co-occurrence network

仲阳, 秦亚芝, 罗帅, 荆玉玲, 王万兴, 李广存, 胡新喜, 秦玉芝, 程旭, 熊兴耀. 泥炭和蘑菇渣改土对马铃薯根源微生物组及产量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(9): 2143-2154.

ZHONG Yang, QIN Yazhi, LUO Shuai, JING Yuling, WANG Wanxing, LI Guangcun, HU Xinxi, QIN Yuzhi, CHENG Xu, XIONG Xingyao. Effects of Peat Soil and Mushroom Residue Application on the Potato Root-Associated Microbiome and Yield[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2143-2154.

图/表 8

表1 不同改土处理对土壤团聚体成分分布的影响

Table 1 Content distribution of soil aggregates under different treatments

处理 Treatment	大团聚体 Macro-aggregates			微团聚体 Micro-aggregates
处理 Treatment	> 2.0 mm	0.25 ~ 2.00 mm	合计Total	0.053 ~ 0.250 mm	< 0.053 mm	合计Total
对照 Control	20.56 ± 1.37	60.22 ± 3.10	80.78 ± 4.34	16.90 ± 3.16	2.32 ± 1.24	19.22 ± 4.34
泥炭土 Peat soil	20.40 ± 0.82	49.14 ± 1.48^*	69.54 ± 2.29^*	24.00 ± 1.94	6.47 ± 0.20^**	30.46 ± 2.12^*
蘑菇渣 Mushroom residue	56.65 ± 3.49^**	33.20 ± 2.40^**	89.86 ± 5.77	8.77 ± 2.16^*	1.37 ± 0.33	10.14 ± 2.48

表2 不同改土处理下土壤理化性质

Table 2 Soil physical and chemical properties under different treatments

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳/（g · kg^-1） Organic C	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N	速效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K	碳氮比 C/N
对照 Control	6.78 ± 0.06	9.78 ± 1.31	0.92 ± 0.11	96.69 ± 8.02	52.00 ± 5.05	10.58 ± 0.19
泥炭土 Peat soil	6.41 ± 0.04^**	89.43 ± 0.75^**	5.38 ± 0.02^**	67.66 ± 10.12^**	187.80 ± 20.16^**	16.63 ± 0.08^**
蘑菇渣Mushroom residue	7.19 ± 0.13^*	53.48 ± 5.15^**	4.93 ± 0.42^**	589.93 ± 3.06^**	1 111.77 ± 79.55^**	10.84 ± 0.13

图1 不同改土处理不同生态位土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性指数 CK：对照；PS：泥炭土；MR：蘑菇渣；EC：根系内生部分土壤；RH：根际土壤；BS：空白土壤。下同。

Fig. 1 Shannon index of bacterial and fungal communities in different potato niches and soil improvement treatments CK：Control；PS：Peat soil；MR：Mushroom residue；EC：Endophytic compartment；RH：Rhizosphere soil；BS：Bulk soil. The same below.

图2 不同改土处理不同生态位土壤细菌和真菌群落的相对丰度 A：细菌门水平；B：真菌门水平；C：真菌属水平。

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in different potato niches and soil improvement treatments A：Bacterial phylum-level；B：Fungal phylum-level；C：Fungal genus-level.

图3 不同改土处理不同生态位土壤细菌和真菌群落主坐标分析

Fig. 3 PCoA of bacterial and fungal community in different potato niches and soil improvement treatments

图4 不同改土处理不同生态位土壤微生物群落的共现网络分析 A：基于ASV水平构建的共出现网络；B ~ D：细菌与真菌群落节点、边及平均度的分布统计。

Fig. 4 Co-occurrence network analysis of microbial communities in different potato niches and soil improvement treatments A：Co-occurrence network based on the ASV level in all treatments；B-D：Distribution statistics of nodes，edges and average degree of bacterial and fungal communities.

图5 不同改土处理不同生态位土壤环境因子与不同菌群的CCA相关性分析 MA：土壤团聚体；TOC：有机碳；TN：全氮；AP：速效磷；AK：速效钾。

Fig. 5 CCA correlation analysis of environmental factors and different microbial communities in different potato niches and soil improvement treatments MA：Soil aggregate；TOC：Organic C；TN：Total；AP：Available P；AK：Available K.

图6 不同改土处理对马铃薯单株产量及商品薯率的影响对照与处理间的差异分析为t检验，*表示差异显著（P < 0.05），****表示差异极显著（P < 0.0001）。

Fig. 6 The effects of soil improvement treatments on the yield of potato per plant and commercial potatoes rate Statistical differences between treatment and control groups were analysed using a Student’s t-test. * indicates significance at P < 0.05，**** indicates highly significance at P < 0.0001.

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