马铃薯种薯催芽、切块和包衣对其立枯丝核菌病的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0119

园艺学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1151-1161.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0119

马铃薯种薯催芽、切块和包衣对其立枯丝核菌病的影响

范国权¹, 喻江², 高艳玲¹, 李庆全¹, 张抒¹, 于镇华³^,^*()

¹ 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所，马铃薯种薯质量监督检验测试中心，哈尔滨 150086
² 哈尔滨商业大学，哈尔滨 150028
³ 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑土区农业生态重点实验室，哈尔滨 150081

收稿日期:2023-11-16 修回日期:2024-03-01 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-29
通讯作者: * （E-mail：yuzhenhua@iga.ac.cn）
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32201411); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024-1-A005); 黑龙江省马铃薯产业技术协同创新推广体系项目; 黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程项目(CX23GG02); 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P16)

Effects of Sprouting，Cutting and Coating of Potato Seed on the Occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani Disease

FAN Guoquan¹, YU Jiang², GAO Yanling¹, LI Qingquan¹, ZHANG Shu¹, YU Zhenhua³^,^*()

¹ Supervision & Inspection Center for Seed Potatoes Quality，Industrial Crops Institute，Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Harbin 150086，China
² Harbin University of Commerce，Harbin 150028，China
³ Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology，Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Harbin 150081，China

Received:2023-11-16 Revised:2024-03-01 Published:2024-05-25 Online:2024-05-29
Contact: * （E-mail：yuzhenhua@iga.ac.cn）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

立枯丝核菌病（Rhizoctonia solani）严重制约了马铃薯的产业化发展。本研究中通过设置马铃薯原种种薯催芽、切块及种薯质量大小处理，原原种包衣等处理探讨其对立枯丝核菌病害防控的影响。结果表明，6月17日原种催芽、整薯和大薯处理与不催芽、切块和小薯处理各发病等级占比差异不显著；原原种包衣处理的病害发病等级差异不显著。然而，6月21日原种催芽、整薯和大薯处理3级病害发病率显著降低，且原原种包衣大薯处理的病害等级显著低于包衣小薯处理。种薯包衣、催芽、整薯和大种薯处理方式能有效降低生长早期立枯丝核菌病害危害程度，间接证实了种薯芽况良好和出苗速度快对降低立枯丝核菌危害的有效性。因此，在马铃薯生产中采取适当的质量管控技术措施，可以有效控制病害，提升种薯质量。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种薯处理, 立枯丝核菌, 病情分级, 质量控制

Abstract:

Rhizoctonia solani seriously hinders the industrialization of potato production. This study investigated the effect of the factors on the control of Rhizoctonia solani disease by sprouting，cutting，quality treatment and coating treatments. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of disease grade between elite sprouted potatoes，whole seed and large tuber treatment，and unsprouted treatment. Similarly，there was no significant difference in disease grade between cut seed potatoes，small tuber treatment，and elite pre-coating treatment on June 17th. The incidence of grade three diseases was significantly reduced in the treatment of elite sprouted potatoes，whole seeds，and large tubers. Additionally，the disease grade in the treatment of pre-elite coated large tubers was notably lower than that in the treatment of coated small tubers on June 21th. Therefore，treatments involving coated seeds，sprouted potatoes，whole seeds，and large tubers can effectively reduce the degree of damage caused by Rhizoctonia solani disease in the early growth stage. These results also indirectly confirm that optimal germination conditions and rapid seed potato emergence can effectively reduce the damage caused by Rhizoctonia solani. In summary，implementing appropriate technical measures for quality control in potato production can effectively manage the disease and improve the quality of seed potatoes.

Key words: potato, seed potato treatment, Rhizoctonia solani, disease grade, quality control

范国权, 喻江, 高艳玲, 李庆全, 张抒, 于镇华. 马铃薯种薯催芽、切块和包衣对其立枯丝核菌病的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(5): 1151-1161.

FAN Guoquan, YU Jiang, GAO Yanling, LI Qingquan, ZHANG Shu, YU Zhenhua. Effects of Sprouting，Cutting and Coating of Potato Seed on the Occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani Disease[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1151-1161.

图/表 9

表1 马铃薯种薯处理方式

Table 1 Potato seed treatments

材料 Material	处理方式 Treatment		质量/g Weight
原种	催芽 Sprouted	整薯 Whole seed potato	20
Elite			40
		切块 Cut seed potato	20
			40
	不催芽 Unsprouted	整薯 Whole seed potato	20
			40
		切块 Cut seed potato	20
			40
原原种	包衣 Coat		2 ~ 5
Pre-elite			20 ~ 35
	不包衣 Uncoat		2 ~ 5
			20 ~ 35

图1 马铃薯原种种薯催芽、切块及其大小处理对地下部分生长的影响

Fig. 1 Effect of potato elite sprouting，cutting and size treatment on the growth of underground growth

图2 马铃薯原种种薯催芽、切块及其不同大小（20和40 g）处理对立枯丝核菌病情等级的影响不同小写字母表示相同取样期内不同处理样品间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 2 The effect of sprouting, cutting and quality（20 and 40 g）of potato elite seed on the disease grade of Rhizoctonia solani Different lowercase letters meant significant differences in the same sampling date among different treatments at 0.05 level.

表2 马铃薯原种催芽、切块及其不同大小（20和40 g）处理因素下不同病情等级的发病率

Table 2 The incidence of different disease grade in potato elite seed sprouting，cutting and quality（20 and 40 g）treatment %

调查日期（M-D） Sampling date	处理因素 Treatment	病情等级Disease grade
调查日期（M-D） Sampling date	处理因素 Treatment	0	1	2	3
06-17	催芽 Sprouted	19.17 a	66.67 a	9.17 a	5.00 a
	不催芽 Unsprouted	13.33 a	76.67 a	10.00 a	0 a
	整薯 Whole seed	23.33 a	65.83 a	9.17 a	1.67 a
	切块 Cut seed	9.17 a	77.50 a	10.00 a	3.33 a
	大薯 Big tuber	16.67 a	73.33 a	8.33 a	1.67 a
	小薯 Small tuber	15.83 a	70.00 a	10.83 a	3.33 a
06-21	催芽 Sprouted	2.78 a	72.22 a	21.30 a	3.70 b
	不催芽 Unsprouted	0 a	65.74 a	25.00 a	9.26 a
	整薯 Whole seed	1.85 a	68.52 a	26.85 a	2.78 b
	切块 Cut seed	0.93 a	69.44 a	19.44 a	10.19 a
	大薯 Big tuber	0 a	75.00 a	22.22 a	2.78 b
	小薯 Small tuber	2.78 a	62.96 a	24.07 a	10.19 a

图3 马铃薯原种种薯催芽、切块及其不同大小（20和40 g）处理对其主茎数的影响不同小写字母表示相同取样期内不同处理样品间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 3 Effects of sprouting，cutting and different sizes（20 and 40 g）of potato elite seed on the number of main stems Different lowercase letters meant significant differences in the same sampling date among different treatments at 0.05 level.

图4 马铃薯原种种薯催芽、切块及其不同大小（20和40 g）处理对其株高的影响不同小写字母表示相同取样期内不同处理样品间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 4 Effect of sprouting，cutting and different size（20 and 40 g）treatment on potato pre-elite height Different lowercase letters meant significant differences in the same sampling date among different treatments at 0.05 level.

图5 马铃薯原原种包衣及种薯大小对立枯丝核菌病情等级的影响不同小写字母表示相同取样期内不同处理样品间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 5 The effect of potato pre-elite coating and size on disease grade of Rhizoctonia solani disease Different lowercase letters meant significant differences in the same sampling date among different treatments at 0.05 level.

表3 马铃薯原原种包衣及种薯大小处理立枯丝核菌病情等级发病率

Table 3 The incidence disease grade of Rhizoctonia solani disease on pre-elite coating and size %

调查日期（M-D） Sampling date	处理因素 Treatment	病情等级 Disease grade
调查日期（M-D） Sampling date	处理因素 Treatment	0	1	2	3
06-17	大薯 Big tuber	14.81	62.96	18.52	3.70
	小薯 Small tuber	5.56	77.78	12.96	3.70
	包衣 Coating	12.96	72.22	11.11	3.70
	不包衣 Uncoating	7.41	68.52	20.37	3.70
06-21	大薯 Big tuber	0	81.25	14.58	4.17
	小薯 Small tuber	0	72.92	22.92	4.17
	包衣 Coating	0	81.25	16.67	2.08
	不包衣 Uncoating	0	72.92	20.83	6.25

图6 马铃薯原原种包衣及种薯大小处理对其主茎数和株高的影响不同小写字母表示相同取样期内不同处理样品间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 6 Effects of potato pre-elite coating and seed size treatment on stems number and height of potato Different lowercase letters meant significant differences in the same sampling date among different treatments at 0.05 level.

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[31]	Yang Y, Yang X H, Guo X, Hu X X, Dong D F, Li G C, Xiong X Y. 2022. Exogenously applied methyl Jasmonate induces early defense related genes in response to Phytophthora infestans infection in potato plants. Horticultural Plant Journal, 8 (4):511-526.

马铃薯种薯催芽、切块和包衣对其立枯丝核菌病的影响

Effects of Sprouting，Cutting and Coating of Potato Seed on the Occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani Disease

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马铃薯种薯催芽、切块和包衣对其立枯丝核菌病的影响

Effects of Sprouting，Cutting and Coating of Potato Seed on the Occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani Disease

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