基于桃需冷量探讨气温变化对其适应性的挑战

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1297

园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 724-736.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1297

基于桃需冷量探讨气温变化对其适应性的挑战

严娟¹^,^*, 赵滨涛¹^,²^,^*, 孙朦¹, 宋宏峰¹, 蔡志翔¹, 李垍峣¹^,², 宿子文¹^,², 张明昊³, 沈志军¹, 许建兰¹, 马瑞娟¹, 俞明亮¹^,^**()

1.江苏省农业科学院果树研究所，江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室，南京 210014
2.南京农业大学园艺学院，南京 210014
3.上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所，上海 201403

收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期:2022-11-29 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-27
作者简介:第一联系人：^*共同第一作者
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX（21）3014);国际现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-30);农业农村部物种保护项目(19210137);国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NHGRC2021-NH16)

Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

YAN Juan¹^,^*, ZHAO Bintao¹^,²^,^*, SUN Meng¹, SONG Hongfeng¹, CAI Zhixiang¹, LI Jiyao¹^,², SU Ziwen¹^,², ZHANG Minghao³, SHEN Zhijun¹, XU Jianlan¹, MA Ruijuan¹, YU Mingliang¹^,^**()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement，Institute of Pomology，Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanjing 210014，China
2. College of Horticulture，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210014，China
3. Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute，Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shanghai 201403，China

Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2022-11-29 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以12个地理位置和气候类型不同的地区2011—2021年气温数据为基本资料，通过0 ~ 7.2 ℃模型对各地区用于打破桃休眠的累积冷量（h）进行评估，同时统计已报道的基于0 ~ 7.2 ℃模型估算的589份桃品种资源的需冷量，分析各地区气温变化情况及其对冷量积累的影响，研判各地区桃品种资源面临的适应性挑战，并提出应对策略。研究结果表明，10年间，在11月初至翌年3月底（桃需冷量积累时间段），12个地区的气温均逐年升高，平均升高2 ℃，部分年份气温波动大。各地区冷量积累差异明显。随着纬度降低，冷量起始日期由早到迟，结束日期则由迟到早，冷量积累时间逐渐减少；各地平均累积冷量4.5 ~ 1 315 h，逐年降低趋势较明显，且纬度越低，降低趋势越明显。另外，气候带类型也对冷量累积有影响。累积冷量降低对各地桃的适应性产生了轻度、中度或重度影响。基于以上结果，对各地适宜生长的桃需冷量区间范围进行了预判，具体为：北京、蒙阴、郑州和南京以 < 1 000 h为宜，上海和杭州以600 ~ 700 h为宜，桂林以 < 400 h为宜，文山和古田以 < 200 h为宜（古田一些高海拔区域需冷量400 h的桃也可适应），福州以 < 100 h为宜，广州以 < 50 h为宜，海南需要基本不休眠、常绿类型的桃。未来桃产业发展需要加大低需冷量桃种质的创制和品种选育，优化主产区品种布局，合理制定南延栽培计划。

关键词: 桃, 需冷量, 气温变化, 适应性, 挑战

Abstract:

The objective of this research is to provide reference for the new germplasms creating，new cultivar breeding and regions of peach with low chilling requirement through clarifying the impact of air temperature change on the adaptability. Based on the air temperature data of 12 regions with different geographical locations and climate types in China from 2011 to 2021，this paper evaluates the chilling accumulation of the tested regions for breaking peach dormancy，and counts the chilling requirement of 589 peach resources by 0-7.2 ℃ model. Then，this study analyzes the air temperature change in the studied regions and its impact on the chilling accumulation to judge the peach adaptability challenge and point out some strategies. The results show that the temperature in the regions increased year by year with an average increase of 2 ℃ in 10 years，during the period of peach chilling accumulation from early November to the end of March of the following year，but some great fluctuation of the temperature in some years. There are significant differences of chilling accumulation in various regions. As the reduced latitude （from North to South），the start date of chilling accumulation changes from early to late，and the end date changes from late to early，and days of the chilling accumulation gradually decreased. The average chilling accumulation in each region varies from 4.5 to 1 315 h in 10 years. There is an obvious downward trend of the chilling accumulation year by year in each region with the lower the latitude，the more lowering tendency. In addition，the climate type also affects the chilling accumulation. The decrease of chilling accumulation in each region had a slight or moderate or severe impact on the peach adaptability with different chilling requirement. Based on these results，the range of peach chilling requirement in tested regions is predicted. The range of peach cold requirements for growth in different regions was predicted as follows：< 1 000 h for Beijing，Mengyin，Zhengzhou and Nanjing，600-700 h for Shanghai and Hangzhou，< 400 h for Guilin，< 200 h for Wenshan and Gutian（400 h adaption for some high-altitude areas in Gutian），< 100 h for Fuzhou and < 50 h for Guangzhou. There is non-dormant and evergreen peach in Hainan Province. In the future，the development of peach industry needs to increase the creating and breeding new germplasms and varieties with low chilling requirement，and also optimize the variety layout，and reasonably formulate the south extension cultivation plan.

Key words: peach, chilling requirement, air temperature change, adaptability, challenge

中图分类号:

S662.1

严娟, 赵滨涛, 孙朦, 宋宏峰, 蔡志翔, 李垍峣, 宿子文, 张明昊, 沈志军, 许建兰, 马瑞娟, 俞明亮. 基于桃需冷量探讨气温变化对其适应性的挑战[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(4): 724-736.

YAN Juan, ZHAO Bintao, SUN Meng, SONG Hongfeng, CAI Zhixiang, LI Jiyao, SU Ziwen, ZHANG Minghao, SHEN Zhijun, XU Jianlan, MA Ruijuan, YU Mingliang. Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(4): 724-736.

图/表 6

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地点 Region	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	气候类型 Climate type	海拔/m Altitude	站点号 Site number
北京Beijing	40°08′	116°58′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	35.35	54511099999
山东蒙阴 Mengyin，Shandong	36°18′	118°15′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	302.00	54836099999
郑州Zhengzhou	34°52′	113°84′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	150.87	57083099999
南京Nanjing	31°74′	118°86′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	14.93	58238099999
上海Shanghai	31°20′	121°33′	沿海亚热带季风Coastal subtropical monsoon	3.04	58367099999
杭州Hangzhou	30°23′	120°43′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	7.01	58457099999
福建古田 Gutian，Fujian	26°63′	118°15′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	153.00	58834099999
福州Fuzhou	26°08′	119°28′	沿海亚热带海洋季风 Continental subtropical marine monsoon	85.00	58847099999
广西桂林 Guilin，Guangxi	25°22′	110°04′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	173.73	57957099999
云南文山 Wenshan，Yunnan	24°07′	105°07′	内陆高原中亚热带季风 Continental plateau mid-subtropical monsoon	1 251.00	59007099999
广州Guangzhou	23°39′	113°30′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	15.24	59287099999
海南Hainan	19°93′	110°46′	沿海热带季风 Coastal tropical monsoon	22.86	47031199999

地点 Region	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	气候类型 Climate type	海拔/m Altitude	站点号 Site number
北京Beijing	40°08′	116°58′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	35.35	54511099999
山东蒙阴 Mengyin，Shandong	36°18′	118°15′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	302.00	54836099999
郑州Zhengzhou	34°52′	113°84′	内陆温带季风 Continental temperate monsoon	150.87	57083099999
南京Nanjing	31°74′	118°86′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	14.93	58238099999
上海Shanghai	31°20′	121°33′	沿海亚热带季风Coastal subtropical monsoon	3.04	58367099999
杭州Hangzhou	30°23′	120°43′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	7.01	58457099999
福建古田 Gutian，Fujian	26°63′	118°15′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	153.00	58834099999
福州Fuzhou	26°08′	119°28′	沿海亚热带海洋季风 Continental subtropical marine monsoon	85.00	58847099999
广西桂林 Guilin，Guangxi	25°22′	110°04′	内陆亚热带季风 Continental subtropical monsoon	173.73	57957099999
云南文山 Wenshan，Yunnan	24°07′	105°07′	内陆高原中亚热带季风 Continental plateau mid-subtropical monsoon	1 251.00	59007099999
广州Guangzhou	23°39′	113°30′	沿海亚热带季风 Coastal subtropical monsoon	15.24	59287099999
海南Hainan	19°93′	110°46′	沿海热带季风 Coastal tropical monsoon	22.86	47031199999

地区 Region	起始日期/结束日期/区间天数/d Start date/end date/interval days
地区 Region	2011—2012	2012—2013		2013—2014	2014—2015	2015—2016
北京Beijing	11-13/03-22/131	11-03/03-31/149		11-17/03-13/117	11-07/03-15/129	11-06/03-17/133
蒙阴Mengyin	11-20/03-26/128	11-04/03-27/144		11-10/03-15/126	11-16/03-15/120	11-17/03-17/122
郑州Zhengzhou	11-23/03-22/121	11-23/03-26/124		11-19/03-09/111	11-27/03-12/106	11-22/03-01/101
南京Nanjing	11-30/03-14/106	11-24/03-21/118		12-06/03-08/93	12-01/03-13/103	11-24/02-26/95
上海Shanghai	12-01/03-13/104	12-04/03-04/91		11-27/03-11/105	12-01/03-11/101	12-04/03-14/102
杭州Hangzhou	11-30/03-14/106	12-07/03-04/88		12-09/03-14/96	12-01/03-11/101	11-26/03-15/110
古田Gutian	12-23/02-29/68	12-30/02-13/44		12-19/02-21/65	—	01-22/02-17/27
福州Fuzhou	01-04/02-28/56	—		02-09/02-21/13	—	—
桂林Guilin	01-03/03-10/68	12-18/03-03/76		12-20/03-09/79	01-28/03-08/40	01-12/02-27/47
文山Wenshan	12-09/03-13/96	12-29/02-22/56		12-15/02-21/69	12-11/02-12/64	12-15/02-27/75
广州Guangzhou	—	—		02-09/02-20/12	—	01-23/02-03/12
海南Hainan	—	—		—	—	—
北京Beijing	11-01/03-24/144		11-03/03-13/131	11-13/03-24/132	11-18/03-16/120	11-02/03-21/140
蒙阴Mengyin	11-22/03-17/116		11-17/03-23/127	12-03/03-14/102	11-25/03-15/112	11-19/03-22/124
郑州Zhengzhou	11-21/03-08/108		11-29/03-09/101	12-04/03-11/98	11-29/03-06/96	11-20/03-02/103
南京Nanjing	11-22/03-02/101		11-30/03-11/102	12-06/03-04/89	11-27/03-11/105	11-27/03-09/103
上海Shanghai	12-14/03-17/94		12-05/03-10/96	12-06/03-08/93	12-18/02-20/65	12-13/03-09/87
杭州Hangzhou	12-14/03-16/93		12-01/03-21/111	12-06/03-10/95	12-18/03-06/80	12-13/03-09/87
古田Gutian	—		01-08/02-14/38	12-29/01-25/28	—	12-31/01-20/21
福州Fuzhou	—		01-29/02-09/12	—	—	12-31/01-14/15
桂林Guilin	01-11/03-02/51		01-04/02-23/51	12-08/03-02/85	01-14/03-04/51	12-29/01-20/23
文山Wenshan	02-09/03-01/21		01-08/02-13/37	12-28/01-23/27	01-25/02-18/25	12-14/01-29/47
广州Guangzhou	—		01-28/02-06/10	—	—	—
海南Hainan	—		—	—	—	—

地区 Region	起始日期/结束日期/区间天数/d Start date/end date/interval days
地区 Region	2011—2012	2012—2013		2013—2014	2014—2015	2015—2016
北京Beijing	11-13/03-22/131	11-03/03-31/149		11-17/03-13/117	11-07/03-15/129	11-06/03-17/133
蒙阴Mengyin	11-20/03-26/128	11-04/03-27/144		11-10/03-15/126	11-16/03-15/120	11-17/03-17/122
郑州Zhengzhou	11-23/03-22/121	11-23/03-26/124		11-19/03-09/111	11-27/03-12/106	11-22/03-01/101
南京Nanjing	11-30/03-14/106	11-24/03-21/118		12-06/03-08/93	12-01/03-13/103	11-24/02-26/95
上海Shanghai	12-01/03-13/104	12-04/03-04/91		11-27/03-11/105	12-01/03-11/101	12-04/03-14/102
杭州Hangzhou	11-30/03-14/106	12-07/03-04/88		12-09/03-14/96	12-01/03-11/101	11-26/03-15/110
古田Gutian	12-23/02-29/68	12-30/02-13/44		12-19/02-21/65	—	01-22/02-17/27
福州Fuzhou	01-04/02-28/56	—		02-09/02-21/13	—	—
桂林Guilin	01-03/03-10/68	12-18/03-03/76		12-20/03-09/79	01-28/03-08/40	01-12/02-27/47
文山Wenshan	12-09/03-13/96	12-29/02-22/56		12-15/02-21/69	12-11/02-12/64	12-15/02-27/75
广州Guangzhou	—	—		02-09/02-20/12	—	01-23/02-03/12
海南Hainan	—	—		—	—	—
北京Beijing	11-01/03-24/144		11-03/03-13/131	11-13/03-24/132	11-18/03-16/120	11-02/03-21/140
蒙阴Mengyin	11-22/03-17/116		11-17/03-23/127	12-03/03-14/102	11-25/03-15/112	11-19/03-22/124
郑州Zhengzhou	11-21/03-08/108		11-29/03-09/101	12-04/03-11/98	11-29/03-06/96	11-20/03-02/103
南京Nanjing	11-22/03-02/101		11-30/03-11/102	12-06/03-04/89	11-27/03-11/105	11-27/03-09/103
上海Shanghai	12-14/03-17/94		12-05/03-10/96	12-06/03-08/93	12-18/02-20/65	12-13/03-09/87
杭州Hangzhou	12-14/03-16/93		12-01/03-21/111	12-06/03-10/95	12-18/03-06/80	12-13/03-09/87
古田Gutian	—		01-08/02-14/38	12-29/01-25/28	—	12-31/01-20/21
福州Fuzhou	—		01-29/02-09/12	—	—	12-31/01-14/15
桂林Guilin	01-11/03-02/51		01-04/02-23/51	12-08/03-02/85	01-14/03-04/51	12-29/01-20/23
文山Wenshan	02-09/03-01/21		01-08/02-13/37	12-28/01-23/27	01-25/02-18/25	12-14/01-29/47
广州Guangzhou	—		01-28/02-06/10	—	—	—
海南Hainan	—		—	—	—	—

地方 Region	不同等级需冷量桃适应性挑战 Adaptability challenge of peach with different chilling requirement					适应的需冷量范围预判 Prediction of peach with suitable chilling requirement range
地方 Region	< 300 h	300 ~ 600 h	600 ~ 900 h	900 ~ 1200 h	≥1 200 h
北京Beijing	√	√	√	√	*	< 1 200 h（考虑到有特殊年份，< 1 000 h为最佳） < 1 200 h（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
蒙阴Mengyin	√	√	√	√	√	基本不受限（考虑到有特殊年份，< 1 000 h为最佳）Basically unlimited（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
郑州Zhengzhou	√	√	√	√	√	基本不受限，（考虑到有特殊年份 < 1 000 h为最佳）Basically unlimited（< 1 000 h is the best considering special years）
南京Nanjing	√	√	√	*	×	< 1 000 h
上海Shanghai	√	√	*	**	×	< 700 h
杭州Hangzhou	√	√	*	**	×	< 600 h
古田Gutian	*	**	×	×	×	< 200 h（海拔高的区域，可放宽到 < 400 h） < 200 h（< 400 h is ok in areas with high altitude）
福州Fuzhou	*	×	×	×	×	< 100 h
桂林Guilin	√	*	***	×	×	< 400 h
文山Wenshan	*	**	***	×	×	< 200 h
广州Guangzhou	***	×	×	×	×	< 50 h
海南Hainan	×	×	×	×	×	基本不休眠的桃（如常绿系列） Non-dormant peach（for example：evergreen peach）

基于桃需冷量探讨气温变化对其适应性的挑战

Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

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基于桃需冷量探讨气温变化对其适应性的挑战

Adaptability of Peach Under Air Temperature Change Based on Chilling Requirment

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图/表 6

参考文献 43

相关文章 15

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