Histone Deacetylases gene MdHDA19（MDP0000132078）was cloned from‘Gala’apple. Its ORF was 1 494 bp，which encoded 497 amino acids. The molecular mass of this protein was 55.73 kD，and pI was 4.98. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the HDA19 had sequence conservation among different species. MdHDA19 exhibited the highest sequence similarity with Theobroma cacao TcHDA19 （87.05%）. The MdHDA19 gene was expressed in all the tissues of apple，especially in root and flower. The MdHDA19 interacted with MdSAT18. The NaCl stress induces the expression level of MdHDA19. MdHDA19 might involve NaCl stress response. The resulted showed that MdHDA19 gene was induced in low temperature（4 ℃）and high temperature（40 ℃）. In addition，the MdHDA19 recombinant protein was obtained. The results established the foundation for the further functions research of MdHDA19 protein.

Two four-year-old Beta grafted grape cultivars‘Jingmi’（Vitis vinifera‘Jingmi’，a low light tolerant cultivar）and‘Summer Black’（V. inifera–V. labrusca‘Summer Black’，a low light intolerant cultivar）were sampled to study the grape flower buds differentiation of cultivars with different tolerance 

to low light，which can be used as theoretical foundation to solve the problem of‘alternate bearing’under protected cultivation to promote early maturing. The bud differentiation process at the 2nd to 7th nodes was observed by the paraffin section technique and the relating developmental process figure of sample dates and differentiation ratios was also made. The results indicate that：（1）The formation of inflorescence main axis can be used as the mark for the beginning of the flower buds differentiation.（2）The period from the young shoots having two leaf primordium to the formation of anlagen，which can also be called the stage of physiological differentiation，was key to inducing the flower buds differentiation，and the period of anlagen differentiation and after it breaking up to two branches was the key stage to regulate flower buds differentiation for the grape under greenhouse.（3）The synchronous development of the growing point at young shoots and the anlagen of buds was essential for flower buds differentiation. High activeness of vegetative growth of the growing point at young shoots can inhibit the flower bud differentiation，which might lead the problem of‘alternate bearing’.（4）The weak light resistant cultivar‘Jingmi’has high adaptability to protected cultivation to promote early maturing. Each stage of differentiation of their buds at each node was short and barely overlapped. The flower buds differentiation of‘Jingmi’，without evident difference of buds differentiation ability，was beginning at the basal nodes of shoot，and the differentiation of high nodes was late，but fast. The usual pruning measurements leaving the 2nd or 3rd bud could get sustainable production for protected cultivation to promote early maturing. By contrast，the weak light unresistant cultivar‘Summer Black’cannot completely adapt to the environment of early maturation cultivation. Each stage of the differentiation of the buds at each node was long and some of them overlapped irregularly. Although the number of flower buds increased and their quality improved gradually，the number and quality of flower buds from the 2nd to 7th nodes couldn’t meet the commercial production demands and the problem of‘alternate bearing’was still serious. Necessary measurements like renewal pruning are needed to keep the sustainable production of protected cultivation to promote early maturing for this cultivar.

Ziziphus jujuba‘Zhandong 1’and‘Zhandong 2’were chosen as the experimental material. The experimental materials were separately irrigated with magnetized fresh water and underground shallow saline water to test the influence of magnetized fresh water on the growth of bearing shoot，the growth and nutrient content of leaves and fruits. The results showed that：（1）Magnetized water irrigation treatment could improve the fresh weight of leaf，leaf area，chlorophyll content，organic acid，vitamin C and anthocyanin content significantly，and prolong the fruits storage period.（2）In the trial plot of Z. jujuba‘Zhandong 1’，treatment with magnetized（A400p） fresh water irrigation could increase the length and diameter of bearing shoot by 11.375% and 15.810%，single leaf area by 12.418%，single fruit weight by 23.779%，water content by 2.377%，fruit transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter by 3.650% and 5.071%. It had a significant difference（P < 0.05）compared with the un-magnetized fresh water irrigation treatment. In the trial plot of Z. jujuba‘Zhandong 2’，treatment with fresh water magnetized by imported magnetizer（A400p）could increase the length and diameter of bearing shoot by 23.602% and 13.710%，single leaf area by 23.622%，thickness by 13.825%，single fruit weight by 12.526% and fruits reducing sugar by 12.110%. It also had a significant difference（P < 0.05）compared with the un-magnetized fresh water irrigation treatment. （3）Treatment with magnetized（DS-948-1） underground shallow saline water irrigation could increase fruits water content by 4.386% and reducing sugar content by 9.158%. It also had a significant difference（P < 0.05）compared with the un-magnetized shallow saline water irrigation treatment.（4）The irrigation water treatment with magnetized could increase the leaf mineral nutrient content of N，P and Cu significantly（P < 0.05）. Irrigating with magnetized fresh water had good function to the growth and development of branch leaves and fruits，and improved the quality and storage of fruits.

This experiment was based on the changes between the content of anthocyanins and the activities of biosynthetic enzymes in blueberry during the development，which aimed at further testing accumulations of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds in blueberry and the enzyme activities，transcriptional level of anthocyanin biosynthetic gene under the environmental stimulus of UV-A，UV-B，UV-C with the veraison fruit of 3-year old blueberry‘Northland’. The results indicated that three types of UV irradiation both significantly induced the accumulation of anthocyanins in blueberry，especially UV-C，increased by 236% after irradiation. In addition，the activities of PAL，UFGT and the expression of VcPAL，VcUFGT mRNA were induced by UV irradiation，but the enzyme activity，transcriptional level of VcDFR were suppressed. Among them，PAL，UFGT enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of anthocyanin（r = 0.807^**，r = 0.894^**），while DFR was the opposite（r =–0.854^**）. The results suggest that UV irradiation can induced some key genes，which responded to UV treatment，transcriptional enhancement（such as VcPAL，VcUFGT）or inhibition（such as VcDFR），and affected the changes of the corresponding enzyme activities，which resulted in the accumulation of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds.

In this experiment，the genetic populations including P₁，P₂，F₁ and F₂ were generated by using green fruit tomato inbred line‘Lüying’and red fruit tomato inbred line‘TTD1003A’. The ripened fruit color，pericarp color，flesh color and placenta jelly color were observed by the standard color cards. The results showed that：In F₂ generation separation groups，the separation of fruit color was red︰brown︰yellow︰green = 9︰3︰3︰1，χ² = 3.09；Pericarp color was yellow：transparency = 3︰1，χ² = 0.06 and flesh color was red︰light yellow︰light green = 12︰3︰1，χ² = 0.91，respectively，which showed that genetics of fruit color，and pericarp color and flesh color fitted the Mendel law，and controlled by two pairs，one pair and two pairs nuclear genes respectively. The fruit green color to red，pericarp transparency color to yellow and the flesh light green color to red are recessive. The genetics between pericarp and flesh color were completely independent. While，the L value，a value and b value of fruit surface color were measured by colorimeter，the color-light value was calculated to study the law of fruit color with the major-gene plus 

multi-gene of quantitative traits genetic analysis method in plant. The analysis results showed that the genetics of tomato fruit color between green and red may be accord with the additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance polygene（MX2-ADI-AD model）. Among them，the two main gene was given priority to with additive effect，and the first a pair of main gene additive effect is more apparent. For F₂ generation，the genetic rate of main gene genetic rate was 76%–89% and the multi-genes was near 0. The artificial selection to fruit color of tomato should be carried out in the early generations.

Taking the seedlings of cucumber cultivar‘Jinchun 4’as experimental material and using irrigation root method，this paper studied the effect of exogenous melatonin（MT）on the antioxidant system of cucumber seedlings under nitrate stress，providing theoretical basis and reference for the application of MT in vegetable protected production. The results showed that under the nitrate stress the leaf superoxide radical（）production rate，hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and malonadehyde（MDA）contents of the cucumber seedling increased significantly；the contents and the activities of ascorbic acid（AsA）and glutathione（GSH）had a decrease. The activities of superoxide radical（SOD），perxidase（POD），ascorbate peroxidase（APX）and glutathione（GR）in the seedling leaves under nitrate stress increaded markly，with the maximun after 3 d stress. The activities of catalase（CAT）had a maximum after 6d stress and the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase（DHAR）had a maximum after 9 d stress，while the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR）decreased persistently under the nitrate stress. The exogenous melatonin could significantly decrease the leaf superoxide radical（）production rate，hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）content and malonaldehyde（MDA）content，but increase ascorbic acid（AsA）and glutathione（GSH）contents，improve the activities of superoxide radical（SOD），peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT），ascorbate peroxidase（APX），monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR），dehydroascorbate reductase（DHAR）and glutathione（GR）. In addtion，it added photosynthetic rate and maked accumulation of the leaf dry matter. These results suggest that exogenous melatonin can effectively alleviate the damage of cucumber seedlings and improve the resistance of cucumber seedling under the nitrate stress，and the exogenous melatonin which of concentration was 100 μmol · L^-1 is the most effecttive.

Significant difference in adventitous root number（ARNs）was found between waterlogging tolerant line Zaoer-N and waterlogging sensitive line Pepino after 72 hours of waterlogging treatment，the average number of ARNs generated in Zaoer-N was 24.6，but only 1.5 in Pepino. Cucumis sativus calcium-dependent protein kinase 5（CsCDPK5）was cloned from the two lines，which shared a sequence identity of 100%，the length of CsCDPK5 was 1 887 bp，and encoded 629 amino acids. It was predicted that the molecular mass of this protein was 59.17 kD，and pI was 5.65. CsCDPK5 protein was predicted to be localized in cytoplasm. The two lines shared a sequence identity of 99% in promoter sequence，and include 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Both of the two lines contained cis-acting regulatory elements essential for phytohormone and anaerobic induction，whereas AT-rich sequence and F-box were special in Zaoer-N. The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that：(1) CsCDPK5 was predominantly expressed in hypocotyls；(2) CsCDPK5 transcripts were upregulated at the beginning followed a slight down regulated in both hypocotyls of Zaoer-N and Pepino during waterlogging treatment，but higher in the former than latter；(3) CsCDPK5 transcripts were irregular in roots and leaves of both lines；(4) compared with controls，no significant changes were observed in CsCDPK5 transcripts when pretreatment with 1-MCP. In conclusion，CsCDPK5 is a waterlogging responsive gene and significant difference in transcripts were observed in hypocotyls of Zaoer-N and Pepino during waterlogging，and might play an important role in waterlogging-induced adventitious root formation.

The inheritance of seed characteristic was studied by using the populations derived from the Egusi watermelon PI186490 and the cultivated watermelon LSW-177. A F₂ genetic linkage map which included 195 CAPS markers was constructed. The map contained 11 linkage groups which corresponded with the chromosome and spanned 2 029.8 cM with a mean marker interval of 10.46 cM. Twenty-three QTLs for the seed traits were detected on LG1，LG2，LG3，LG5，LG6，LG8，LG11 and explained 2.2014%–28.8950% of the phenotypic variation. Of all the QTLs，4 QTLs for seed length，seed width，seed thickness and 100-seed weight explained over 17% of the phenotypic variation. Ten QTLs were identified on LG6，which contain 3 QTLs for seed length，4 QTLs for seed width，1 QTL for seed thickness and 2 QTLs for 100-seed weight. Four QTLs which explained over 17% of the phenotypic variation were also located on LG6 and QTL for seed width and 100-seed weight were both located on the two CAPS markers WⅢ6-503 and WⅢ6-502.

The leaf structure，reactive oxygen species generation，antioxidant enzyme activities，polyamine contents，and expression profiles of polyamine synthesis related genes were compared between a resistant melon variety（Yuntian 930）and a susceptible cultivar（0544）after the inoculation with Podosphaera xanthii. The results showed that the bristles number，waxes content，and ratio of palisade/spong were significantly higher in‘Yuntian 930’than those in‘0544’. After inoculation with P. xanthii，the contents of H₂O₂，，and MDA in‘0544’rose more slowly and kept a lower level in‘Yuntian 930’than in‘0544’. However，the activities of SOD，POD，CAT in‘Yuntian 930’were markedly higher. In addition，the polyamine content and the abundance of polyamine synthesis related genes were increased quickly and reach higher levels in‘Yuntian 930’than those in‘0544’，after the inoculation with P. xanthii. These results indicated that，the higher resistance to powdery mildew in‘Yuntian 930’was related to the leaf morphological structure，higher antioxidant capacity，and higher polyamine synthesis capability.

Two CBF/DREB1 genes named CcCBFc and CcCBFd were isolated from Cinnamomum camphora with the help of homologous cloning strategy and RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA ends）technique，and their GenBank accession numbers are KP336741 and KP336742，respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of the two CcCBF genes were 897 and 1 010 bp，including an open reading frame（ORF）of 654 and 621 bp，respectively，and no introns existed in their coding regions. The CcCBFc and CcCBFd genes encode 217 and 206 amino acids with predicted molecular masses of 24.0 and 22.9 kD，and pI of 5.01 and 5.11. CcCBFc and CcCBFd were classified into the CBF/DREB1 subfamily，and had relatively close evolutionary relationship with dicotyledons，according to the homology comparison and phylogeny tree analysis of the deduce amino acids sequences with other CBF/DREB homologues. The expression level of both CcCBFc and CcCBFd could be upregulated by all tested treatments such as cold （4 ℃），drought（20% PEG），salinity（250 mmol ? L-1 NaCl）and ABA（100 μmol ? L-1）. The observations presented in this study might indicate that both CcCBFc and CcCBFd were involved in response to various abiotic stresses.

Polyphenolic profiles in peel，pulp and core（without seeds）of two kinds of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.，one is Dangshan Suli and the other is Qiubaili，were respectively studied by UPLC– PDA–MS/MS–ESI. The results showed that forty-two kinds of phenolic component of the two kinds of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. were identified. Most kinds of the phenolic component contained in peel were more than those contained in pulp or core. But only 5-caffeoylquinic acid（chlorogenic acid）and Z-caffeoylquinic acid focused on the fruit core tissue. The peel tissue contained more types of phenolic compounds. In peel of Dangshan Suli，there were 42 kinds of phenolic substances belong to 5 groups. And in peel of Qiubaili，there were 30 kinds belong to 4 groups. Phenolics of flavanols，flavonols and flavones were not detected in the fruit core tissues or the pulp tissues. The peel’s phenolic compounds were further compared，the Dangshan Suli’s have 7 more kinds of flavones glycosides and 3 more kinds of quercetin glycosides than Qiubaili’s. The apigenin 7-O rutinoside was first identi?ed from Dangshan Suli peel by UPLC–PDA–MS/MS–ESI. No such kind of report was seen for other kinds of pear fruit tissues. B1，B2，C1，C-1，C-2 and C-3 were also identified tentatively from the Dangshan Suli and Qiubaili peel for the first time.

The effects of foliar application of calcium and silicon on Solanum lycopersicum ‘Hongshuangxi’fruits firmness，cell wall components and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes were studied. The results showed that foliar application of 7 mmol · L^-1 H₄SiO₄，7 mmol · L^-1 K₂SiO₃，7 mmol · L^-1 H₄SiO₄ + 45 mmol · L^-1 CaCl₂ and 7 mmol · L^-1 K₂SiO₃ + 45 mmol · L^-1 CaCl₂ significantly increased the fruit firmness at the time of harvest and 7 days after harvest. The contents of protopectin and cellulose were higher，while the content of soluble pectin was lower，and the activities of polygalacturonase（PG），pectin methylesterase（PME） and cellulose enzyme（Cx）reduced in the fruits of these four treatments. Among the treatments，foliar application of 7 mmol · L^-1 H₄SiO₄ and 7 mmol · L^-1 K₂SiO₃ showed the most significant effect. Compared to the control，in the fruits of these two treatments at 7 days after harvest，the firmness increased by 14.31% and 13.84%；protopectin increased by 75.00% and 68.10%；cellulose increased by 68.66% and 80.60%；soluble pectin decreased by 28.41% and 29.55%；polygalacturonase（PG）activity decreased by 18.70% and 20.87%；pectin methylesterase（PME）activity decreased by 13.61% and 17.66%；and cellulose enzyme（Cx）activity decreased by 31.42% and 31.38%，respectively.

‘Yongzha 5’is a new tuber mustard hybrid developed by crossing male sterile line ‘09-05A’as female parent and inbred line‘Yuyao Suotouzhong’as male parent. Its growth period is 170 days from sowing to harvest. It is of early and medium maturity. It is characterized by middle-split leaves，strong growth potential，erected plant type，far-surface base. The tuberous stem is of cylinder shape. The tuberous stem shape index is 1.1，the average fresh weight is 413 g. The processing quality is better. The cold resistance and bolting-tolerance is stronger. The yield is higher than other cultivars. The hollow heart percentage is lower. It is resistant to virus disease. The cultivar was suitable for planted in Zhejiang spring tuber mustard field.

Rosa‘Yanni’is a cut rose cultivar for the wedding and festivals with orange-pink petal colors and light fragrance，which the annual production are about 20 branches per plant. Rosa‘Lüye’and Rosa‘Haleihuixing’are suitable for the garden roses with the vigorous growth，recurrently flowering and strong stress-resistances. Rosa‘Lüye’presents the plate-shape flowers with the light-yellow to green petal colors，while the petals of Rosa‘Haleihuixing’are golden colors with red blush after sunshine.