Fruit Trees

• Constructed the Cre/loxp Recombination Inducible Excision System and Obtained Marker-free Transgenic Apple Plants
• LI Mao-fu，WANG Yuan-hua，WANG Hua，and JIN Wan-mei*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 205-217. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0579
• Abstract ( 286 ) HTML ( 1104 ) PDF (2360KB) ( 1104 ) 　　　

• Used the Cre/loxp to establish inducible expression systems with site-specific recombination ability，to eliminate the selectable marker genes in transgenic plants specifically. Firstly，a binary expression vector PBI121-Cre-GUS with the Cre/loxp system was constructed to eliminate a marker gene from transgenic plants conveniently by digesting three intermediate vector and pBI121. Secondly，transgenic Malus hupehensis var. pinyiensis were obtained by using Agrobacterium mediated leaf disc method. These transgenic plants were induced by heat shock. Subsequently，the elimination efficiency was determined by GUS staining and PCR amplification. Finally，the transgenic plants without selectable marker gene were obtained.

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• Expression and Function Analysis of Potassium Transporter Gene PpeKUP5 in Peach
• SONG Zhi-zhong，MA Rui-juan*，GUO Shao-lei，YU Ming-liang，and XU Jian-lan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 218-226. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0442
• Abstract ( 310 ) HTML ( 702 ) PDF (1352KB) ( 702 ) 　　　
• An K+ transporter encoding gene（PpeKUP5）was isolated from‘Xiahui 8’peach（Prunus persica）trees. The PpeKUP5 encodes a protein of 625 amino acid residues，which contains 10 transmembrane regions. The PpeKUP5 gene was largely expressed in roots，less in leaves and stems，and very weakly in flowers and fruits. Abscisic acid（ABA）treatment，heavy-metal chromium（Cr）and heavy-metal zinc（Zn），respectively，significantly enhanced the expression level of PpeKUP5 gene throughout whole peach seedlings. Notably，PpeKUP5 gene was most sensitive to Cr treatment. While both K+ excess and heavy-metal copper（Cu）treatment significantly reduced the expression level of PpeKUP5 gene in plant roots. Functional complementation of bacterial mutant showed that PpeKUP5 can utilize external K+（either KCl or K2SO4），especially under neutral pH values. This study favorably reveals that PpeKUP5 is a key K+ transporter mediates roots K+ uptake and accumulation in peach，which may play an important role in response to K+ excess，heavy-metal and ABA stresses.
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• Analysis on the Senescence and the Expression of Aging-related Genes During Grape Berry Postharvest Storage
• LU Jun1,*，WANG Jian1,*，WU Wei-min2，LI Bing-rui1，WANG Xi-cheng2，JIA Hai-feng1，and FANG
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 227-238. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0495
• Abstract ( 334 ) HTML ( 1076 ) PDF (2306KB) ( 1076 ) 　　　
• This study analyzed the grape senescence conditions of eight cultivars postharvested and relative expression of related genes. It was found that the Euramerican hybrids‘Fujiminori’，‘Shinano Smile’and‘Xiyanghong’with higher relative expression levels of VvNCED1，VvACO1 and VvPG genes were analyzed the obvious decline of physiological index，such as pulling resistance，turgor pressure and berry dropping rate increased rapidly. Their storability was poor. However，Eurasian hybrids‘Yellow Italy’，‘Red Globe’and‘Manicure’with high expression of VvPOD2 and VvMnSOD were analyzed that the decline of physiological index was slow，berry dropping rate increased slowly and storability was eligible. The research illustrated that the relative expression of aging-related genes can reflect the storage capacity.
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• Expression of Two Citrus AP2/ERF Genes Under Different Hormone and#br# Stress Treatments
• DONG Cui-cui，MA Yan-yan，XIE Rang-jin，DENG Lie，YI Shi-lai，Lü Qiang，ZHENG Yong-qiang，
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 239-248. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0602
• Abstract ( 377 ) HTML ( 832 ) PDF (1830KB) ( 832 ) 　　　

• Two AP2/ERF genes，CitERF9 and CitAP2-7 were analyzed in Citrus junos‘Ziyang’. The
  data showed that CitERF9 genomic sequence contained a single exon of 735 bp long，which could encode
  a protein of 244 amino acid residues. In contrast，CitAP2-7 genomic sequence possessed 5 introns and its 6
  exons could encode a protein of 360 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment showed that CitERF9 and
  CitAP2-7 shared 81%–84% amino acid identities with corresponding AP2/ERF members from soybean，
  castor，peach and alfalfa. Real time quantitative analysis revealed that the expression of CitAP2-7 and
  CitERF9 in different tissues exhibited different patterns. In roots，CitERF9 was induced by all hormone
  and stress treatments，whereas CitAP2-7 was mainly modulated by NaCl，ABA and dehydration. In leaves，
  CitERF9 was up-regulated by all treatments，similar to that in roots. But CitAP2-7 was suppressed by
  ABA，ACC，MeJA，SA and NaCl treatments. The results suggested the involvement of both CitERF9 andCitAP2-7 in the responses of citrus to stresses and relevant hormones.

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• AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity and a Construction of the core Collection of Partial Ancient Ginkgo Trees in China
• WANG Xuan1,*，LIU Xiao-jing1,*，XING Shi-yan1,**，KONG Qian-qian1，ZHANG Yan-hui1，SUN Li-min1，and GAO Yan2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 249-260. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0601
• Abstract ( 283 ) HTML ( 928 ) PDF (716KB) ( 928 ) 　　　

• Ginkgo biloba L.，endemic to China，is one of the oldest remained tree species. Studies
  were initiated to analyze the genetic diversity of 180 ancient ginkgo trees from 20 provinces in China
  based on amplified fragment length polymorphic（AFLP）marker，and a preliminary construction of the
  core core collection was established by using stepwise UPGMA clustering sampling approach. Eight AFLP
  primers selected were used to generate 1 646 discernible DNA bands，100% were polymorphic. High
  genetic diversity was revealed（number of different alleles，Na = 2.0000；number of effective alleles，Ne =
  1.2575；Nei’s gene diversity，H = 0.1662；Shannon’s information index，I = 0.2746）. The molecular genetic
  similarity coefficients rang from 0.6904 to 0.9115，with an average of 0.7919. The core collection of
  ancient ginkgo trees with 63 individuals account for 35% of original collection. The results of t-testshowed that no significant different was found in genetic diversity indexes between the core collection and
  original collection. These results demonstrated that the core collection could stand for original collection
  excellently.

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Vegetables

• Obtaining and Genetic Stability of Chinese Cabbage – Cabbage Translocation Lines with Fragment of Cabbage Chromosome 2
• GENG Qian-qian，WANG Yan-hua*，XUAN Shu-xin，MAO Qing-yun，ZHAO Jian-jun，and SHEN Shu-xing*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 261-270. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0858
• Abstract ( 278 ) HTML ( 547 ) PDF (2717KB) ( 547 ) 　　　

• In order to create Chinese cabbage–Cabbage translocation lines，M2 plants obtained
  through pollen radiation of Chinese cabbage–Cabbage monosomatic alien addition line AC2，were carried
  out to isolated microspore culture. Six translocation lines with cabbage chromosome 2 fragment were
  identified using 26 specific InDel markers corresponding cabbage chromosome 2 and cytological
  observation. The exogenetic fragment for those translocation lines was further identified to contain
  cabbage specific InDel markers C09-4 and C09-4-52 and the fragment size was about 788.3 kb by
  additional InDel markers. Two translocation lines‘AT2-1’and‘AT2-2’from two M2 plants were selfed，
  backcrossed with‘85-1’，and hybridized with Chinese cabbage inbred lines‘14-28’and‘14-36’，and the progenies were detected using the cabbage specific InDel markers C09-4 and C09-4-52 of cabbage.
  The results showed that 85 selfing progenies，82 backcrossing progenies and 188 hybrids contained the two
  cabbage specific markers，which indicated that the cabbage chromosome fragment could be transmitted to
  the next generation stability.

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• The Phenotype Evolution and Transfer Breeding of Black Rot Resistance in Somatic Hybrids Between Cauliflower and Black Mustard
• ZHANG Jie1,2，WANG Gui-xiang2，HAN Shuo2，YAN Hong3，ZONG Mei2，GUO Ning2，and LIU Fan2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 271-280. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0821
• Abstract ( 367 ) HTML ( 658 ) PDF (2763KB) ( 658 ) 　　　

• Black rot is one of the main diseases of cauliflower（Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.，
  2n = 18，CC）. Somatic hybrids were obtained by asymmetric cell fusion between susceptible cauliflower
  cultivar‘Korso’and resistance black mustard line‘G1/1’（B. nigra，2n = 16，BB）. Different advanced
  generations were got after years of selfing and backcrossing. According to the characters of the plants such
  as leaf morphology and flower curd，the somatic hybrids were classified into four types. Type M：having
  characters between cultivated‘Korso’and wild species‘G1/1’. Type M-K：having traits between two
  parents and bias to‘Korso’. Type -K：having most cauliflower-like phenotypes. Type K：exactly
  cauliflower-like type. The results of resistance identification from year 2010 to 2014 showed that disease
  index （DI）of‘Korso’were in 44–57，and DI of‘G1/1’were in 12–32 for the inoculated pathogenic
  bacterium. The DI were gradually increased in hybrids from type M to type M-K，type -K and type K
  displaying the high resistance，resistance to tolerance degree，respectively. The results of phenotype
  evolution and resistance tracing showed that cauliflower-like morphology changes occurred in S1BC4，S5，
  S1BC3 and BC3，and along with the morphology changes，DI of black rot increased sharply. Little DI
  difference was detected among lines with the same or similar derivation. Further resistance identification
  was carried out in 2015 in the selfed progeny lines. Overall，the DIs showed a downward trend in most of
  the lines and only increased in a few lines. Plants from the same derivation showed the similar changing
  trend indicating that the disease resistances in the progenies became stable after years’ selection. Up to
  now，six promising lines displaying significant black rot resistance compared with the receptor parent
  ‘ Korso ’ were obtained ，which including PFCN13-15-4.1 ， PFCN13-15-5.1 ， PFCN13-29-1.1 ，
  PFCN13-29-1.2，PFCN13-14-1.1 and PFCN13-14-1.2，respectively.

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• Identification and Expression Analysis Under Abiotic Stresses of the bHLH Transcription Factor Gene Family in Watermelon
• HE Jie，GU Xiu-rong，WEI Chun-hua，YANG Xiao-zhen，LI Hao，MA Jian-xiang，ZHANG Yong，YANG Jian-qiang，and ZHANG Xian*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 281-294. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0886
• Abstract ( 296 ) HTML ( 1571 ) PDF (1356KB) ( 1571 ) 　　　
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Ornamental Plants

• A Study on Cold Tolerance Difference and Its Mechanisms in Azalea Cultivars
• LIU Bing，CAO Sha，ZHOU Hong*，and XIA Yi-ping*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 295-306. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0428
• Abstract ( 505 ) HTML ( 1260 ) PDF (741KB) ( 1260 ) 　　　
• To analyze the cold tolerance differences in azalea cultivars of‘Elsie Lee’，‘Zi’e’and ‘Zihudie’，under natural low temperatures in Hangzhou（during Dec. 2013 to Mar. 2014），the relative leaf electric conductivities at seven sampling periods were determined and LT50 values were calculated using logistic equation. Moreover，some cold tolerance related physiological factors were measured，and through principal components analysis and correlation analysis，it was shown that the content of sucrose，soluble proteins，MDA and proline were closely related to cold tolerance in azalea. The accumulation of high level of sucrose as well as soluble proteins and proline played important roles in the cold tolerance in‘Elsie Lee’. Based on the data on the concent of MDA，it was suggested that the increase in contents of unsaturated fatty acid in lipid membrane may be another explanation for the stronger cold tolerance in ‘Elsie Lee’. Using subordinate function method to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance in three cultivars，it was found that‘Elsie Lee’ranked first and followed by‘Zihudie’and‘Zi’e’which had similar cold tolerance according to the data from tolerance evaluation by LT50 and SF method，and it can be concluded that the cold tolerance of‘Zihudie’is slightly stronger than‘Zi’e’based on their growth behaviors during winter seasons.
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• Cloning of Five House-keeping Genes and Their Application in Phylogenetic Analysis of Tree Peony
• YANG Yong1,2，WANG Shun-li1,*，XUE Jing-qi1，REN Xiu-xia1，LI Dan-dan1，YANG Ruo-wen1，ZENG Xiu-li3,**，and ZHANG Xiu-xin1,**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 307-319. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0758
• Abstract ( 419 ) HTML ( 720 ) PDF (5510KB) ( 720 ) 　　　
• Coding sequences（CDS）of five house-keeping genes i.e. Ubiquitin（UBI），Cyclophilin（CYP），Actin，Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase（G6PD）and Beta-tubulin（TUB）were obtained by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction（RT-PCR）from 7 wild and 1 cultivated tree peonies. Sequence comparative analysis demonstrated that nucleotide sequences of five genes were relatively conservative and the similarity of nucleotide sequences was about 99.04% to 99.69%. Furthermore，5 phylogenetic trees were constructed by using nucleotide sequences of these house-keeping genes from the 8 tree peonies. The phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the 8 tree peonies could be clearly divided into two groups，viz. subsect. Vagiantae and Delavayanae. While each phylogenetic relationship of wild species in different sect. had a few differences，because of the degree of conservatism from 5 kinds of house-keeping genes. Considering to the five phylogenetic trees，it was found that Paeonia ostii and P. suffruticosa always cluster together. And these results indicated that there was close relationship between P. ostii and P. suffruticosa and it was deduced that P. ostii may take part in the origin of tree peony cultivars. In addition，P. rockii and P. decomposita was always clustered together，and it was demonstrated that the relationship between P. rockii and P. decomposita was very close；P. lutea and P. delavayi was always clustered together，and it was demonstrated that their relationship was also close. P. potaninii divergence time is earlier than P. lutea and P. delavayi. According to previous phylogenetic relationships of P. potaninii，P. lutea and P. delavayi，we recommend P. potaninii as a separate species.
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Research Notes

• A Group of β-tubulin Genes and Their Expression Difference in Stem Tips Between the Dwarf and Standard Type Pears
• HOU Dong-liang，WANG Cai-hong*，TIAN Yi-ke，XIAO Yu-xiong，and ZHANG Bei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 320-328. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0696
• Abstract ( 251 ) HTML ( 640 ) PDF (2273KB) ( 640 ) 　　　
• Using the β-tubulins of Arabidopsis as references，9 β-tubulin genes were identified from the Pyrus communis genome. These genes were mapped in the corresponding chromosomes based on the principle of conservation and collinearity between the genomes of apple and pear. Sequence analysis showed that each of these genes contain 3 exons and 2 introns. For the genes located in the pair of chromosomes which originated from the genome wide duplication in evolution，the lengths of exons and introns are more conserved，and their coding sequences of amino-acid residues are with higher similarity. The result of qRT-PCR showed that，7 out of the 9 β-tubulin genes expressed normally in the tissue of stem tips. Among them，the transcriptional level of the gene with the transcript number of PCP044487.1，mapped in chromosome 16，is significantly different at P ≤ 0.01 between the dwarf type and the standard type pears stem tips，which suggested that this gene probably related to molecular regulation of the dwarf trait formation.
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• Identification of Kolra Fragrant Pear Calyx-end Black Spot Pathogen and Its Sequence Analysis of ITS，GPD and EF-1α
• SONG Bo，ZHU Xiao-feng，XU Bing-qiang，Abudu Keyimu ? Kader，and YANG Sen*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 329-336. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0879
• Abstract ( 486 ) HTML ( 850 ) PDF (1849KB) ( 850 ) 　　　
• A study was conducted to definitude the disease pathogen and its taxonomic status. The pathogen was isolated from disease tissue samples of Kolra Fragrant pear calyx-end black spot with conventional tissue isolation. The pathogenicity test was conducted and confirmed by Koch’s postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphology and molecular identification. Determination of pathogenic field confirmed that the Alternaria sp. as the pathogen，and meanwhile，the general primer of fungal conserved genes（ITS，GPD and EF-1α）was taken advantage of for PCR amplification. After that，it was cloned and sequenced，and got the GenBank accession number：KU145269，KU145271，KU145273. Confirmed Alternaria alternata as the causative agent of Kolra Fragrant pear calyx-end black spot disease using morphological analysis，pathogenicity test and phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes.
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• Construction and Application of SRAP-PCR System to Analyze Genetic Relationship of Actinidia
• JING Zhao-bin1,3,*，XU Ming1,3，and LEI Yu-shan1,2,3
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 337-346. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0331
• Abstract ( 289 ) HTML ( 661 ) PDF (2276KB) ( 661 ) 　　　
• An improved SDS method，suitable for extracting genomic DNA of Actinidia young leaves，was established. Based on this result，an orthogonal design and a factor analysis method were combined to optimize the SRAP-PCR reaction system of Actinidia. The results indicated that the optimum concentrations of each component in the 20 μL reaction system included：DNA（40 ng ? μL-1）1 μL，Taq Polymerase（5 U ? μL-1）0.2 μL，dNTPs（2.5 mmol ? L-1）1.4 μL，primer（10 μmol ? L-1）1.5 μL，Mg2+ （25 mmol ? L-1）2.0 μL，10× Buffer 2.5 μL，ddH2O 9.9 μL. The genetic diversity and relationships of 32 kiwifruit varieties were analyzed based on this PCR reaction system. Fourteen SRAP primer combinationsgenerating a total of 275 bands，and the polymorphic bands were 100% for all primer sets. The results showed that SRAP could be as an efficient technique to assess genetic diversity for Actinidia. The dendrogram showed that all varieties could be divided into four clusters at the similarity level of 0.73，that including A. chinensis，A. deliciosa，A. melanandra，and A. eriantha. The relationship between A. chinensis and A. deliciosa，A. deliciosa and A. melanandra is close，whereas A. chinensis and A. eriantha is distant.
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• Isolation and Expression Analysis of PoFAD2 Gene in Paeonia ostii
• SONG Shu-xiang1，GUO Xian-feng1,2,*，MA Yan1，LI Jun-jie1，and HAN Lu-lu1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 347-354. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0634
• Abstract ( 313 ) HTML ( 814 ) PDF (1171KB) ( 814 ) 　　　
• A fatty acid desaturase2（FAD2）gene，designated as PoFAD2，was isolated from the ovule of Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang using reverse transcription PCR and RACE technology. The full-length cDNA was 1 695 bp with an open reading frame of 1 152 bp，encoding a putative protein of 383 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that PoFAD2 had the highest similarity with FAD2 from P. lactiflora. In addition，the amino acid sequences encoded by PoFAD2 contained three highly conservative histidine clusters，four transmembrane domains and a specific hit of Delta12-FADs，which peculiarly belong to the family of fatty acids desaturase. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that PoFAD2 was differentially expressed in various tissues of P. ostii. It was barely expressed in stems，sepals，stamens or petals，weakly present in leaves（about one seventieth of ovules），moderately in buds and pistils（aboutone tenth of ovules），and extremely highly in ovules. This gene was therefore considered as seed specific. During seed development，PoFAD2 transcript in ovules rapidly increased and reached the highest level at 75 day after florescence，followed by a sharp decline and gradual recovery.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene from Jasminum sambac
• YU Ying1,*，CHEN Dan1,*，SUN Jun2，Lü Shi-heng1，CHEN Gui-xin1,**，and YE Nai-xing1,**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 356-364. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0803
• Abstract ( 244 ) HTML ( 839 ) PDF (1479KB) ( 839 ) 　　　
• The full length cDNA of terpene synthase gene（JsTPS）was cloned by combination of RT-PCR and RACE from petals of Jasminum sambac. The results showed that full length cDNA contained 1 491 bp including an 1 884 bp ORF，encoding a 56 989.7 D protein with 496 amino acids whose molecular weight was consistent to that of product of the gene by prokaryotic expression；The result of alignment of amino acid showed that the gene had a homology of 75% to that of olive（Olea europaea），belonging to α-Farnesene synthases；Quantities of the gene were detected by real-time PCR in process of opening of flower，the results showed that the expressing level of the gene was minimum at 18：00 when the flowers were not open，then had been increasing until at 22：00 when the expressing level reached to maximum and the flowers was opening.
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• Identification of Red Spot Pathogens on Peony in Shandong Province
• LI Li1，SONG Shu-xiang1，LIU Hui-xiang2，and GUO Xian-feng1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 365-372. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0590
• Abstract ( 404 ) HTML ( 702 ) PDF (1288KB) ( 702 ) 　　　
• Red spot has been one of the most serious diseases in herbaceous peony production. Identification of the pathogen causing the disease is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. In the present study，firstly，the fungi were isolated and purified from the infected leaves and the pathogenicity was detected by artificial inoculation. Then the morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence of the pathogens causing red spot disease was studied. The results demonstrated that two kinds of suspected fungi，A and B，were isolated from the disease-infected samples，with the isolation ratio of 4.8︰1. Both fungi were further confirmed pathogenic and therefore determined as the pathogens. The morphological characteristics revealed that these two pathogens were Alternaria alternate and A. tenuissima，which was validated by further rDNA-ITS analysis. ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences of pathogen A and pathogen B were respectively highly homogenic with those of KF380822.1 and HM467832.1 in GenBank database，hence they were respectively identified as A. alternate and A. tenuissima. The sequences of these two pathogens have been submitted to GenBank，and the accession numbers are KR912224 and KR912225. Based on the above results，it was concluded that red spot diseaseon herbaceous peony in Shandong province was caused by both A. alternate and A. tenuissima.
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• Variation Analysis of Four Microsatellite Loci Within Maire Yew Species
• XIE Wei-dong1,2，WEN Ya-feng3,*，HAN Wen-jun1，ZHOU Hong4，XU Gang-biao1，and CHEN Jian-hua1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 373-383. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0418
• Abstract ( 310 ) HTML ( 576 ) PDF (719KB) ( 576 ) 　　　
• This paper focused on the variation and phylogeny relationship of four microsatellite loci originated from maire yew（Taxus chinensis var. mairei）. Comparison of allelic size and sequences indicated that abundant variation and complex SSR structure existed in four SSR loci. Inter-allelic size variation in SSR loci was due to the mutation of SSR repeats and insertions or deletions（Indels） in flanking regions，which also the main reason caused the allelic size mismatch with sequences data. Two sets allelic homoplasy were observed in TY05 locus where alleles identical in state are not identical by descent. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy was detected in one mitochondrial SSR locus（TB01）. Allelic distribution and their phylogeny relationship suggested that stepwise mutation model（SMM）appropriated for these loci，common allele have the characteristic of aboriginality on evolution phylogeny.
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Review

• Advances in on Flavonoid Composition and Metabolism in Citrus
• CHEN Jia-jing，PENG Zhao-xin，SHI Mei-yan，and XU Juan*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 384-400. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0689
• Abstract ( 695 ) HTML ( 1985 ) PDF (445KB) ( 1985 ) 　　　

• Citrus is one of the major sources of dietary flavonoids that are polyphenolic compounds biosynthesized in secondary metabolism pathways. Possibly due to their strong antioxidant activity，flavonoids have many health-promoting properties，including anticancer，antiviral，anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial functions. The types of flavonoids detected in Citrus so far consist of flavanones，flavones，flavonols，dihydrochalcones and anthocyanins. Flavanone glycosides are the most abundant flavonoids in Citrus. Flavonoid composition varied significantly between different Citrus species and between tissue types，i.e. pummelo fruit contains large amounts of the bitter compound neohesperidosides，while sweet orange and mandarin have tasteless rutinosides as their dominant flavonoids. So far，our understanding of flavonoid metabolism is mostly on the structural genes in main biosynthesis pathways，while information on genes regulating the pathways and enzymes involving in glycosylation，acylation and methylation of flavonoid are relatively scarce. Future researches in flavonoid biosynthesis in citrus will reveal more genetic mechanisms controlling the synthesis，modification and distribution of the flavonoids. A better understandingof these mechanisms will provide guidance for citrus breeding programs to produce functional fruit with enhanced levels of flavonoids.

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New Cultivars

• A New Pecan Cultivar‘Lüzhou 1’
• LI Yong-rong1,*，ZHANG Ji-yu2，and LE Dong-liang1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 401-402. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1080
• Abstract ( 304 ) HTML ( 626 ) PDF (1046KB) ( 626 ) 　　　
• ‘Lüzhou 1’is a new Carya illinoinensis cultivar which is selected from wild resources in Nanjing，Jiangsu. It is a medium-large sized fruit. Flowering is protogynous type. Flowering time is different. It is self-unfruitful. The average fruit weight is 7.83 g. Pecan husk thickness is about 0.80 mm. Kernel rate is 47.78%. Oil content rate is 78.04%. Fruit shape index is 2.10. Linoleic acid content of nutlet is 266.70 g ? kg-1. Linolenic acid content is 13.21 g ? kg-1. Total protein content is 92.25 g ? kg-1. Seven kind essential amino acids of people are 36.60 g ? kg-1. It is higher resistance to vary diseases and with early bearing and high yield and yield stability. So the multiple characteristic is excellent.
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• A New Cherry Tomato Hybrid‘Hangza 5’
• ZHENG Ji-rong1,* and WANG Hui-li2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 403-404. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1113
• Abstract ( 268 ) HTML ( 591 ) PDF (999KB) ( 591 ) 　　　
• ‘Hangza 5’is a new cherry tomato hybrid which developed by crossing‘0598-3-2-1-2- 1-1-1-1’as female parent with‘0615-1-3-1-2-1-1-1-1’as male parent. It is indeterminate growth type and mid-early maturity，which grows vigorously. Its first inflorescence is 8th to 9th leaf，per panicle has 17.5 fruits. The matured fruit is bright orange yellow color，elliptic type and tastes very well. The average weight of single fruit is 26.1 g. It is highly tolerated to storage and transportation. Especially，it is highly resistance to leaf mold and root knot nematode. The average yield of‘Hangza 5’was 59.8 t ? hm-2. It is suitable for protected cultivation in early spring.
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• A New Non-thorn Chinese Prickly Ash Cultivar‘Hanyuan Wuci’
• WANG Jing-yan1，GONG Wei1,*，XIAO Qian-wen1，HU Wen2，WANG Yue2，LU Chun-you3，ZHANG Yan-yun2，and GOU Guo-jun3
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2016, 43(2): 405-406. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0012
• Abstract ( 539 ) HTML ( 711 ) PDF (1135KB) ( 711 ) 　　　
• ‘Hanyuan Wuci’is a new，excellent and indigenous Chinese prickly ash cultivar which was derived from Hanyuan County，Sichuan Province. It has thorn during the seedling and sapling stage，while has no thorn on the fruit branch and few or nearly no thorn on trunk. The fruit grain is large and thick，with high volatile oil，strong spicy and pure aroma. It is easy to regenerate and rejuvenate. It has better adaptability and resistance，and high and stable yield. It is suitable to plant in the Chinese prickly ash production region where the annual mean temperature is about 16 ℃，annual sunshine duration is about 1 400 h，annual precipitation is 700–1 000 mm，and soil pH range from 4.5 to 8.0.
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