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Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2691-2702.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0873

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Investigation of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources and Their Characters from Timian Town,Guangzhou

QIN Dandan1, FANG Kaixing1, WANG Qiushuang1, WANG Qing1, PAN Chendong1, NI Erdong1, FENG Shaofang1,3, WU Zhanhong2, WU Hualing1,*()   

  1. 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization,Tea Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China
    2 People’s Government of Timian Town,Huadu District,Guangzhou 510870,China
    3 Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510550,China
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-28
  • Contact: WU Hualing

Abstract:

This study conducted a systematic investigation into their ecological environment,biological characteristics,biochemical composition,and processing suitability of ancient tea trees Tiamian Town in Huadu District,Guangzhou. The study reveals that most tea germplasm resources exist in the form of clustered communities,which are relatively close to each other. The major tea tree resources include Maoyecha(Camellia.sinensis var. ptilophylla Chang),Qinggui Daye[C. sinensis(L.)O. Kuntze],Guangzhou Xiaoye[C. sinensis(L.)O. Kuntze],and Xianghua Caoguocha(C. suaveolens),among which Maoyecha is the most abundant and well-preserved. Among the 150 representative ancient tea trees surveyed,the majority exhibited an arborous or small-arborous growth habit. Maoyecha displayed distinct morphological characteristics,including a tall and slender canopy,densely pubescent buds and leaves,extensive branching,and leathery leaves. Leaf morphology varied significantly,ranging from extra-large to small leaves,with considerable diversity in venation,shape,and serration patterns. The young shoots exhibited significant variations in coloration and pubescence,while most resources showed weak flowering and fruit-setting ability. Cross-sectional analysis of leaves revealed substantial variation in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis,palisade tissue,and spongy tissue. Biochemical analysis indicated high and unique levels of tea polyphenols,alkaloids,and catechins,with Maoyecha exhibiting particularly high levels of theobromine and non-epicatechins. The processing suitability assessment demonstrated that Maoyecha is suitable for producing white tea,black tea,and yellow tea,whereas Guangzhou Xiaoye and Qinggui Daye are more suitable for black tea and green tea production.

Key words: tea plant, germplasm resource, trait evaluation, biochemical components, processing suitability