Investigation of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources and Their Characters from Timian Town，Guangzhou

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0873

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2691-2702.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0873

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Investigation of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources and Their Characters from Timian Town，Guangzhou

QIN Dandan¹, FANG Kaixing¹, WANG Qiushuang¹, WANG Qing¹, PAN Chendong¹, NI Erdong¹, FENG Shaofang¹^,³, WU Zhanhong², WU Hualing¹^,^*()

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization，Tea Research Institute，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangzhou 510640，China
² People’s Government of Timian Town，Huadu District，Guangzhou 510870，China
³ Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou 510550，China

Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-28
Contact: WU Hualing

Abstract

Abstract:

This study conducted a systematic investigation into their ecological environment，biological characteristics，biochemical composition，and processing suitability of ancient tea trees Tiamian Town in Huadu District，Guangzhou. The study reveals that most tea germplasm resources exist in the form of clustered communities，which are relatively close to each other. The major tea tree resources include Maoyecha（Camellia.sinensis var. ptilophylla Chang），Qinggui Daye[C. sinensis（L.）O. Kuntze]，Guangzhou Xiaoye[C. sinensis（L.）O. Kuntze]，and Xianghua Caoguocha（C. suaveolens），among which Maoyecha is the most abundant and well-preserved. Among the 150 representative ancient tea trees surveyed，the majority exhibited an arborous or small-arborous growth habit. Maoyecha displayed distinct morphological characteristics，including a tall and slender canopy，densely pubescent buds and leaves，extensive branching，and leathery leaves. Leaf morphology varied significantly，ranging from extra-large to small leaves，with considerable diversity in venation，shape，and serration patterns. The young shoots exhibited significant variations in coloration and pubescence，while most resources showed weak flowering and fruit-setting ability. Cross-sectional analysis of leaves revealed substantial variation in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis，palisade tissue，and spongy tissue. Biochemical analysis indicated high and unique levels of tea polyphenols，alkaloids，and catechins，with Maoyecha exhibiting particularly high levels of theobromine and non-epicatechins. The processing suitability assessment demonstrated that Maoyecha is suitable for producing white tea，black tea，and yellow tea，whereas Guangzhou Xiaoye and Qinggui Daye are more suitable for black tea and green tea production.

Key words: tea plant, germplasm resource, trait evaluation, biochemical components, processing suitability

QIN Dandan, FANG Kaixing, WANG Qiushuang, WANG Qing, PAN Chendong, NI Erdong, FENG Shaofang, WU Zhanhong, WU Hualing. Investigation of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources and Their Characters from Timian Town，Guangzhou[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2691-2702.

Figures/Tables 9

References 23

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流动相/% Mobile phase	洗脱时间/ min Elution time
流动相/% Mobile phase	0.01	30.00	34.00	39.00	40.00	45.00	50.00
A	93.50	84.00	80.00	80.00	65.00	65.00	93.50
B	6.50	16.00	20.00	20.00	35.00	35.00	6.50

流动相/% Mobile phase	洗脱时间/ min Elution time
流动相/% Mobile phase	0.01	30.00	34.00	39.00	40.00	45.00	50.00
A	93.50	84.00	80.00	80.00	65.00	65.00	93.50
B	6.50	16.00	20.00	20.00	35.00	35.00	6.50

指标 Indicator	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation	多样性指数 Diversity index
地径/cm Tree diameter	230.00	9.00	67.96	35.65	52.45	39.46
叶长/cm Leaf length	20.30	4.70	13.00	3.86	29.65	1.23
叶宽/cm Leaf width	8.80	2.00	4.81	1.23	25.50	0.17
叶面积/cm²Leaf area	112.72	6.91	46.45	22.53	48.50	17.86

指标 Indicator	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation	多样性指数 Diversity index
地径/cm Tree diameter	230.00	9.00	67.96	35.65	52.45	39.46
叶长/cm Leaf length	20.30	4.70	13.00	3.86	29.65	1.23
叶宽/cm Leaf width	8.80	2.00	4.81	1.23	25.50	0.17
叶面积/cm²Leaf area	112.72	6.91	46.45	22.53	48.50	17.86

性状 Indicator	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% Coefficient of Variation	多样性指数 Diversity Index
叶片厚/ μm Thickness of leaf	392.40	197.23	301.2	40.89	13.58	624.23
上表皮厚度/ μm Thickness of upper epidermis	50.79	13.57	20.65	5.36	20.90	4.58
下表皮厚度/ μm Thickness of lower epidermis	33.41	9.94	21.32	4.07	19.10	3.14
栅栏组织厚度/ μm Thickness of palisade tissue	132.62	41.64	71.91	17.55	24.41	36.52
海绵组织厚度/ μm Thickness of spongy tissue	252.80	101.75	174.64	29.33	16.79	209.02
角质层厚度/ μm Cuticle thickness	14.05	1.69	7.07	2.49	35.18	0.37

Investigation of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources and Their Characters from Timian Town，Guangzhou

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生化成分 Biochemical components	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	标准差 Mean	平均值 SD	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation	多样性指数 Diversity index
可可碱/（mg · g^-1）Theobromine	97.57	0	33.44	38.54	86.77	17.42
没食子儿茶/（mg · g^-1）Gallocatechin	20.88	0.83	2.85	5.83	48.79	0.28
表没食子儿茶素/（mg · g^-1） Epigallocatechin	41.85	1.45	9.00	7.92	113.39	0.96
儿茶素/（mg · g^-1）Catechin	30.34	0.25	7.13	10.34	69.09	1.06
咖啡碱/（mg · g^-1） Caffeine	38.00	0	10.34	7.22	143.18	1.06
表儿茶素（mg · g^-1）Epicatechin	24.82	0.24	4.67	3.80	122.79	0.24
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯/（mg · g^-1） Epigallocatechin gallate	104.34	0.55	25.34	21.00	120.64	7.24
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯/（mg · g^-1） Gallocatechin gallate	84.44	0.74	23.54	33.52	70.25	11.23
表儿茶素没食子酸酯/（mg · g^-1） Epicatechin gallate	50.98	0.34	12.15	9.50	127.92	1.59
儿茶素没食子酸酯/（mg · g^-1） Catechingallate	23.99	0.26	2.96	2.38	124.37	0.10
茶多酚/% Tea polyphenols	28.81	7.44	3.81	18.07	21.10	2.29
游离氨基酸/% Free amino acids	2.30	1.38	0.17	2.11	7.89	0.48
可溶性糖/% Soluble sugars	4.70	2.16	0.58	3.14	18.47	1.09

茶类 Tea types	资源 Resources		外形（25%） Appearance			分数 Score
红茶 Black tea	清桂大叶、广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		条索细紧，乌润，带金毫 Wiry，black bloom，with little golden tpekoe			93
红茶 Black tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		条索肥壮，乌润，多金毫Fat and bold， black bloom，fairly golden pekoe			95
绿茶Green tea	清桂大叶，广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		条索细紧，褐绿，润 Wiry，brownish-green，bloom			93
绿茶Green tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		条索粗壮，黄绿，银毫满披 Coarse and bold，yellowish-green，silvery pekoe			90
白茶 White tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		芽头肥硕，银毫满披 Fat bud，silvery pekoe			93
黄茶Yellow tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		条索肥壮重实，满披茸毛 Fat and bold， slightly pekoe			95
茶类 Tea types	资源 Resources		香气（25%） Aroma			分数 Score
红茶 Black tea	清桂大叶、广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		花果甜香浓郁 Floral and fruity sweetness，fragrant and lasting			95
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		花果甜香、高长浓郁持久、带甘草甜香 Floral and fruity sweetness，fragrant and lasting，with a hint of sweet licorice aroma			95
绿茶 Green tea	清桂大叶，广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		花香，果香，较浓郁持久 Floral and fruity aroma，moderately lasting			98
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		清甜浓郁持久，带甘草甜香 Refreshing sweetness，fragrant and lasting， with sweet licorice notes			95
白茶 White tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		清甜较浓郁，兰气芳香，带甘草甜香 fragrant orchid aroma，with sweet licorice notes			98
黄茶 Yellow tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		蜜甜香清长 Honey-like sweetness，clean and lasting			98
茶类 Tea types	资源 Resources		滋味（30%） Taste			分数 Score
红茶 Black tea	清桂大叶、广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		甜醇鲜爽、果甜香 Sweet，mellow，and fresh with fruity sweetness			95
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		浓厚苦涩，甘草香 Full-bodied bitterness，licorice aroma			90
绿茶 Green tea	清桂大叶，广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye		浓，强，较爽，回甘 Strong，intense，relatively brisk，with a sweet aftertaste			92
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		浓厚苦涩，回甘，带甘草甜香 Full-bodied bitterness，with a sweet aftertaste and sweet licorice notes			90
白茶 White tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		鲜爽，奶甜毫香显，带甘草甜香 Fresh and mellow，with creamy and sweet licorice notes			95
黄茶 Yellow tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha		浓强微苦 Strong，intense，and slightly bitter			85
茶类 Tea types	资源 Resources	汤色（10%） Soup color	分数 Score	叶底（10%） Infused leaf	分数 Score	总分 Total score
红茶 Black tea	清桂大叶、广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye	橙红明亮 Orange red，bright	93	褐红、柔软 Reddish-brown，soft	90	93.80
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha	红艳亮 Red and brilliant	95	红亮，较柔软 Bright red，relatively soft	95	93.50
绿茶 Green tea	清桂大叶，广州小叶 Qinggui Daye，Guangzhou Xiaoye	绿黄明亮 Greenish yellow，bright	95	绿，柔软，嫩 Green，soft，and tender	95	94.35
	毛叶茶 Maoyecha	黄明亮 Yellow，bright	95	黄绿，柔软，嫩 Yellowish-green，soft，and tender	93	92.05
白茶 White tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha	浅黄明亮 Light，yellow，bright	98	黄绿有红边，较柔软 Yellowish-green with red edges，relatively soft	90	95.05
黄茶 Yellow tea	毛叶茶 Maoyecha	杏黄亮 Apricot bright	98	绿黄，柔软，嫩 Yellow-green，soft，and tender	90	92.55

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