Effect of the Salinity of Irrigation Water on Growth，Yield，and Quality of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0404

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 714-726.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0404

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect of the Salinity of Irrigation Water on Growth，Yield，and Quality of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’

CONG Xin¹, HU Qianyuan², PANG Guibin¹, XU Lirong¹, XU Zhenghe¹^,^*(), LIU Hongfei¹, PEI Xiangli¹

¹ School of Water Conservancy and Environment，University of Jinan，Ji’nan 250022，China
² Shandong Province Water Diversion Project Operation and Maintenance Center，Muping Management Station，Yangtai，Shandong 264100，China

Received:2024-07-17 Revised:2025-01-22 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25
Contact: XU Zhenghe

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the irrigation effects and applicability of slight saline water on natural production conditions of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’，a three-year field experiment on irrigation water salinity was conducted in Zhanhua District，Binzhou City from 2020 to 2022. The experimental variety was Ziziphus jujuba‘Zhandong 2’，with five salinity levels[1（the control），2，3，4，and 5 g · L^-1]set for irrigation water. The study revealed the effects of irrigation mineralization on the physiological characteristics，growth，yield and fruit quality of‘Dongzao’jujube. The results indicated that，physiologically，the peak values of relative chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，dark respiration rate，and apparent quantum efficiency in leaves occurred at salinity levels of 3 or 4 g · L^-1，and these values were significantly higher compared to the 1 g · L^-1 treatment. For the 5 g · L^-1 treatment，relative chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，apparent quantum efficiency，initial fluorescence，and maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ decreased significantly compared to the 3 or 4 g · L^-1 treatments，while maximum fluorescence increased significantly. Regarding quality，as irrigation water salinity increases，the content of soluble sugars，total soluble solids，titratable acidity，and vitamin C content significantly increased，with the best quality observed under the 4 g · L^-1 treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that jujube hanging length and the maximum quantum yield of PSII were the main factors affecting yield. Based on a random algorithm，the importance ranking of physiological indicators influencing fruit quality indicated that maximum net photosynthetic rate，apparent quantum efficiency，dark respiration rate，and maximum fluorescence were the primary factors influencing fruit quality. Analysis of soil salt balance after the three-year irrigation cycle showed that 3 or 4 g · L^-1treatments had potential risks of soil salt accumulation. In‘Zhandong 2’orchards in Binzhou，Shandong，fruits can resist salt stress by adjusting its own photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics，maintaining normal growth，and promoting quality treated with 2-3 g · L^-1slightly saline water.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, salt stress, physiological indicator, yield, quality

CONG Xin, HU Qianyuan, PANG Guibin, XU Lirong, XU Zhenghe, LIU Hongfei, PEI Xiangli. Effect of the Salinity of Irrigation Water on Growth，Yield，and Quality of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 714-726.

Figures/Tables 13

References 25

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水质类型 Type of water quality	TDS/ (g · L^-1)	EC/ (μS · cm^-1)	pH	K⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Na⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Ca²⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Mg²⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Cl^-/ (mg · L^-1)	SO₄^2-/ (mg · L^-1)	HCO₃^-/ (mg · L^-1)	CO₃^2-/ (mg · L^-1)
淡水 Fresh water	0.70	1 400	7.2	6.99	127	61.4	24.5	150	193	20.8	117
咸水 Saline water	4.60	9 500	8.4	30.3	1071	212	221	1 785	853	21.3	394

水质类型 Type of water quality	TDS/ (g · L^-1)	EC/ (μS · cm^-1)	pH	K⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Na⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Ca²⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Mg²⁺/ (mg · L^-1)	Cl^-/ (mg · L^-1)	SO₄^2-/ (mg · L^-1)	HCO₃^-/ (mg · L^-1)	CO₃^2-/ (mg · L^-1)
淡水 Fresh water	0.70	1 400	7.2	6.99	127	61.4	24.5	150	193	20.8	117
咸水 Saline water	4.60	9 500	8.4	30.3	1071	212	221	1 785	853	21.3	394

生育期 Growing period	2020		2021		2022
生育期 Growing period	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount
萌芽—展叶期Sprout leaves period	57.6	48	60.3	48	203.8	24
开花—幼果期Blossom-young fruit period	70.5	48	124.8	24	76.1	48
果实膨大期Developing fruit period	244.9	48	268.4	24	384.9	24
着色—成熟期Fruit ripe period	55.3	24	120.1	0	103.7	24
全生育期Whole growth period	428.3	168	573.6	96	768.5	120

生育期 Growing period	2020		2021		2022
生育期 Growing period	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount	降水量 Precipitation	灌溉量 Irrigation amount
萌芽—展叶期Sprout leaves period	57.6	48	60.3	48	203.8	24
开花—幼果期Blossom-young fruit period	70.5	48	124.8	24	76.1	48
果实膨大期Developing fruit period	244.9	48	268.4	24	384.9	24
着色—成熟期Fruit ripe period	55.3	24	120.1	0	103.7	24
全生育期Whole growth period	428.3	168	573.6	96	768.5	120

年 Year	矿化度/（g · L^-1）Salinity	P_n,max/(μmoL · m^-2 · s^-1)	I_sat/(μmoL · m^-2 · s^-1)	I_c/(μmoL · m^-2 · s^-1)	R_d/(μmoL · m^-2 · s^-1)	α
2020	1（对照control）	19.90 ± 0.85 c	1 242.89 ± 102.62 a	61.14 ± 5.48 c	4.41 ± 0.06 b	0.0806 ± 0.0057 bc
	2	20.19 ± 0.91 c	1 073.15 ± 49.41 b	63.98 ± 6.14 c	4.18 ± 0.06 b	0.0710 ± 0.0035 c
	3	28.65 ± 0.84 a	950.19 ± 87.71 bc	112.38 ± 2.57 b	13.85 ± 0.91 a	0.1474 ± 0.0124 a
	4	29.02 ± 0.74 a	915.48 ± 20.36 c	115.37 ± 4.98 b	15.85 ± 1.65 a	0.1684 ± 0.0098 a
	5	25.11 ± 0.45 b	1 494.97 ± 150.41 a	155.79 ± 2.64 a	12.89 ± 1.34 a	0.1031 ± 0.0192 bc
2021	1（对照control）	8.99 ± 1.12 c	1 859.22 ± 86.52 a	108.43 ± 7.47 b	2.59 ± 0.08 c	0.0276 ± 0.0001 d
	2	15.68 ± 0.34 b	1 930.57 ± 62.88 a	100.19 ± 8.96 b	3.44 ± 0.04 c	0.0381 ± 0.0004 c
	3	21.93 ± 0.78 a	874.33 ± 20.16 c	175.89 ± 8.25 a	20.05 ± 0.18 a	0.1489 ± 0.0018 a
	4	21.18 ± 1.24 a	937.60 ± 114.48 c	99.80 ± 13.98 b	11.49 ± 1.49 b	0.1455 ± 0.0016 a
	5	19.39 ± 1.59 a	1 302.94 ± 31.80 b	126.90 ± 14.54 b	8.99 ± 1.18 b	0.0866 ± 0.0002 b
2022	1（对照control）	15.56 ± 0.28 a	1 219.47 ± 48.92 c	17.29 ± 6.67 c	0.68 ± 0.01 c	0.0401 ± 0.0001 a
	2	7.93 ± 1.98 b	1 148.68 ± 90.20 c	30.90 ± 6.64 bc	0.64 ± 0.02 c	0.0212 ± 0.0009 c
	3	12.17 ± 2.47 b	1 713.03 ± 78.16 a	37.38 ± 5.98 b	1.49 ± 0.05 b	0.0429 ± 0.0001 a
	4	8.74 ± 0.98 b	1 474.51 ± 62.2 b	64.12 ± 3.45 a	1.91 ± 0.04 a	0.0335 ± 0.0003 b
	5	8.59 ± 1.21 b	994.32 ± 81.27 c	43.91 ± 3.55 b	1.44 ± 0.04 b	0.0353 ± 0.0004 b

Effect of the Salinity of Irrigation Water on Growth，Yield，and Quality of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’

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矿化度/（g · L^-1）Salinity	2020	2021	2022
1（对照control）	29.5 ± 1.05 a	30.4 ± 1.08 a	28.6 ± 2.14 a
2	27.4 ± 2.09 a	29.8 ± 2.08 a	29.2 ± 1.54 a
3	25.1 ± 2.52 a	28.9 ± 1.87 a	27.9 ± 1.57 a
4	24.1 ± 2.90 b	28.1 ± 3.88 b	25.8 ± 1.90 b
5	23.2 ± 2.07 c	27.1 ± 1.29 b	23.1 ± 2.20 c

年份	矿化度/（g · L^-1）Salinity	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	总可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	维生素C/（mg · g^-1） Vitamin C
2020	1（对照control）	0.95 ± 0.04 a	24.57 ± 1.77 a	19.78 ± 0.20 c	21.10 ± 0.75 b	0.12 ± 0.01 b	2.82 ± 0.16 c
	2	1.01 ± 0.01 a	22.99 ± 0.59 a	20.26 ± 0.20 b	22.27 ± 0.68 a	0.12 ± 0.01 b	2.93 ± 0.14 b
	3	1.01 ± 0.02 a	23.99 ± 0.40 a	21.68 ± 0.20 b	23.70 ± 1.73 a	0.16 ± 0.01 a	3.12 ± 0.08 b
	4	1.01 ± 0.01 a	21.90 ± 0.68 b	22.34 ± 0.20 a	24.23 ± 0.30 a	0.16 ± 0.01 a	3.65 ± 0.06 a
	5	0.98 ± 0.02 a	19.57 ± 2.12 b	20.72 ± 0.20 b	22.13 ± 0.80 a	0.14 ± 0.01 ab	3.07 ± 0.13 b
2021	1（对照control）	0.97 ± 0.01 a	23.78 ± 1.89 a	17.06 ± 0.50 a	20.07 ± 1.36 b	0.29 ± 0.01 b	2.41 ± 0.04 b
	2	0.98 ± 0.01 a	24.16 ± 2.77 a	16.59 ± 0.57 a	21.42 ± 0.89 b	0.27 ± 0.02 b	2.53 ± 0.16 a
	3	0.96 ± 0.07 a	23.79 ± 2.45 a	17.47 ± 0.98 a	21.27 ± 0.92 b	0.32 ± 0.01 a	2.60 ± 0.20 a
	4	0.99 ± 0.05 a	21.73 ± 1.91 b	19.18 ± 1.24 a	22.89 ± 0.59 b	0.32 ± 0.02 a	2.62 ± 0.18 a
	5	0.98 ± 0.05 a	20.10 ± 3.07 b	18.05 ± 0.3 a	24.18 ± 1.03 a	0.34 ± 0.03 a	2.51 ± 0.05 a
2022	1（对照control）	0.96 ± 0.11 a	15.44 ± 1.44 a	17.06 ± 0.50 a	20.07 ± 1.36 b	0.22 ± 0.02 b	2.41 ± 0.04 b
	2	0.92 ± 0.06 a	17.56 ± 1.52 a	16.59 ± 0.57 a	21.42 ± 0.89 b	0.26 ± 0.02 b	2.53 ± 0.16 a
	3	1.01 ± 0.10 a	18.31 ± 1.56 a	17.47 ± 0.98 a	21.27 ± 0.92 b	0.29 ± 0.03 a	2.60 ± 0.20 a
	4	1.04 ± 0.08 a	14.55 ± 1.56 b	19.18 ± 1.24 a	22.89 ± 0.59 b	0.36 ± 0.02 a	2.62 ± 0.18 a
	5	0.98 ± 0.09 a	10.41 ± 2.81 c	18.05 ± 0.3 a	24.18 ± 1.03 a	0.33 ± 0.03 a	2.51 ± 0.05 a

指标 Indicator	单果质量 Single fruit weight		可溶性糖 Soluble sugar		总可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids		可滴定酸 Titratable acid		维生素C Vitamin C
指标 Indicator	重要度 Importance	排序 Ranking	重要度 Importance	排序 Ranking	重要度 Importance	排序 Ranking	重要度 Importance	排序 Ranking	重要度 Importance	排序 Ranking
SPAD	-0.100	11	-0.019	7	0.080	4	-0.122	11	0.011	3
P_n	-0.093	10	-0.086	10	-0.022	7	0.090	3	-0.089	9
T_r	0.014	6	0.243	1	-0.092	9	0.458	1	0.338	1
α	0.014	5	0.129	3	0.038	6	-0.036	6	-0.033	4
P_n,max	0.159	2	0.220	2	0.047	5	0.021	4	0.017	2
I_sat	-0.048	8	0.012	5	-0.095	10	-0.093	8	-0.090	10
I_c	0.103	4	-0.085	9	-0.063	8	-0.007	5	-0.049	6
R_d	0.132	3	0.087	4	0.141	3	-0.096	9	-0.061	7
F₀	-0.091	9	-0.099	11	-0.129	11	0.121	2	-0.119	11
F_m	0.255	1	-0.009	6	0.154	2	-0.082	7	-0.046	5
F_v/F_m	-0.011	7	-0.026	8	0.174	1	-0.100	10	-0.068	8

年Year	矿化度/（g · L^-1）Salinity	背景值 Background	萌芽—展叶期 Sprout leaves period	开花—幼果期 Blossom-young fruit period	果实膨大期 Developing fruit period	着色—成熟期 Fruit ripe period	积盐量 Salt accumulation
2020	1（对照control）	1.25	1.20	1.32	1.17	1.24	-0.01
	2	1.24	1.36	1.52	1.37	1.40	0.16
	3	1.17	1.46	1.73	1.50	1.60	0.43
	4	1.24	1.62	1.91	1.74	1.89	0.65
	5	1.27	1.94	2.02	1.82	1.98	0.71
2021	1（对照control）	1.19	1.04	1.17	1.07	0.89	-0.30
	2	1.03	0.94	1.10	1.05	0.86	-0.16
	3	1.27	1.29	1.56	1.41	0.78	-0.50
	4	1.57	1.69	1.93	1.69	0.97	-0.60
	5	1.69	1.87	2.09	1.65	1.02	-0.67
2022	1（对照control）	0.97	0.82	0.52	0.59	0.52	-0.45
	2	0.98	1.22	0.88	1.00	0.92	-0.06
	3	0.99	1.40	1.01	1.40	1.03	0.04
	4	1.09	1.59	1.24	1.77	1.17	0.08
	5	1.23	1.87	1.18	1.75	1.26	0.03

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