Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Local Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0286

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 561-574.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0286

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Local Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang

BI Qingrui¹, CUI Dongsheng¹, MA Xinyuan¹, XUE Yuran¹, ZHANG Shikui², FAN Guoquan², NIU Yingying¹^,^*()

¹ Horticultural College/Characteristic Fruit Tree Research Center，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
² Luntai Fruit Tree Resource Nursery，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Luntai，Xinjiang 841600，China

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25
Contact: NIU Yingying

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study，phenotypic，SSR and SNP markers were used to study the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of 28 Xinjiang local pear cultivars. A total of 43 310 SSR markers and 2 045 692 SNP markers were developed and used for genetic diversity and genetic relationship analysis. The Shannon-Weaver index of 10 quantitative traits of 28 Xinjiang local pear cultivars ranged from 4.145 to 5.663，and the diversity index of the number of flowers per inflorescence was the highest and the diversity was rich. The coefficient of variation of each trait was between 4.49% and 67.36%，and the stability of petal number was higher than that of other traits. The primer development polymorphism rate of SSR markers was 96.15%. The clustering results were divided into 2 groups based on SSR markers，and the pear cultivars were divided into 4 groups based on SNP markers. The average fixation index（F）of SSR markers was 0.169，and the F_st value of SNP was between 0.0538 and 0.3387，indicating that there was genetic differentiation in Xinjiang local pear cultivars. ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’，‘Kuikeamute 1’and ‘Naixiput’should be classified as Xinjiang pear system，and‘Koteamute’belongs to Western pear system.

Key words: pear, phenotype, SSR, SNP, genetic diversity, genetic relationship

BI Qingrui, CUI Dongsheng, MA Xinyuan, XUE Yuran, ZHANG Shikui, FAN Guoquan, NIU Yingying. Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Local Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 561-574.

Figures/Tables 10

References 53

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代号 Code	品种（系） Cultivar（strain）	分类及文献 Classification and reference
01	褐色句句 Hese Jujuli	新疆梨 Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
02	轮台句句梨 Luntai Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
03	霍城句句梨 Huocheng Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）
04	黄句句梨 Huang Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
05	伊犁红句句梨 Ili Hongjujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
06	库车阿木特 Kuqa Amut	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
07	绿梨 Lüli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）
08	耐西普特 Naxput	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
09	阿克苏句句梨 Aksu Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
10	莎车晚红香 Shache Wanhongxiang	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
11	句句梨 Jujuli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）西洋梨 P. communis L.（新疆植物志编辑委员会，1995）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
12	棉梨 Mianli	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
13	也历克阿木特（嵌合体）Yilikamut（Chimera）	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
14	黑酸梨（3n）Heisuanli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
15	库尔勒黄酸梨 Korla Huangsuanli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
16	艾温切可（3n）Aiwenqieke	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
17	莎车耐西普特 Shache Naxput	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
18	霍城冬黄梨 Huocheng Donghuangli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
19	八月梨 Bayueli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
20	酸秤砣 Suanchengtuo	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
21	棋盘梨 Qipanli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（张釗，1959）
22	塔西阿木特 Taxamut	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
23	奎可阿木特1号 Kuikeamut 1	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（贾支，1963）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
24	奎可阿木特2号 Kuikeamut 2	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（贾支，1963）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
25	红香梨 Hongxiangli	西洋梨 P. communis L.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
26	大果奎可阿木特 Daguokuikeamut	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
27	可特阿木特（3n）Kotoamut	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）西洋梨 P. communis L.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
28	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（蒲富慎，1988）

代号 Code	品种（系） Cultivar（strain）	分类及文献 Classification and reference
01	褐色句句 Hese Jujuli	新疆梨 Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
02	轮台句句梨 Luntai Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
03	霍城句句梨 Huocheng Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）
04	黄句句梨 Huang Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
05	伊犁红句句梨 Ili Hongjujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
06	库车阿木特 Kuqa Amut	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
07	绿梨 Lüli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）
08	耐西普特 Naxput	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚，1962）白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
09	阿克苏句句梨 Aksu Jujuli	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
10	莎车晚红香 Shache Wanhongxiang	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
11	句句梨 Jujuli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）西洋梨 P. communis L.（新疆植物志编辑委员会，1995）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）
12	棉梨 Mianli	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
13	也历克阿木特（嵌合体）Yilikamut（Chimera）	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
14	黑酸梨（3n）Heisuanli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
15	库尔勒黄酸梨 Korla Huangsuanli	砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
16	艾温切可（3n）Aiwenqieke	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
17	莎车耐西普特 Shache Naxput	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（江用文，2005）
18	霍城冬黄梨 Huocheng Donghuangli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
19	八月梨 Bayueli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
20	酸秤砣 Suanchengtuo	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（贾支，1963）
21	棋盘梨 Qipanli	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（张釗，1959）
22	塔西阿木特 Taxamut	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
23	奎可阿木特1号 Kuikeamut 1	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（贾支，1963）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
24	奎可阿木特2号 Kuikeamut 2	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（贾支，1963）西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
25	红香梨 Hongxiangli	西洋梨 P. communis L.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
26	大果奎可阿木特 Daguokuikeamut	西洋梨 P. communis L.（江用文，2005）
27	可特阿木特（3n）Kotoamut	新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（俞德浚和张鹏，1979）西洋梨 P. communis L.（陕西省果树研究所，1980）
28	库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	白梨 P. bretschneideri Rehd.（张釗，1959）新疆梨 P. sinkiangensis Yu.（蒲富慎，1988）

观测项目 Observation project	观测方法与性状赋值 Observation method and character assignment
花蕾颜色 Color of unopened flower	1：白色，2：浅粉红，3：粉红 1：White，2：Pale pink，3：Pink
花瓣相对位置 Position of petal margins	1：分离，2：邻接，3：重叠，4：无序 1：Separation，2：Adjacency，3：Overlap，4：Disorder
花瓣形状 Shape of petal	1：圆形，2：卵圆形，3：椭圆形，4：心形 1：Circular，2：Ovate，3：Elliptic，4：Cordate
柱头位置 Position of stigma in relation to stamens	1：低于花药，2：与花药等高，3：高于花药 1：Lower than anther，2：Equal to another，3：Higher than anther
花柱基部茸毛 Pubescence on he base of stigma	0：无，1：有 0：None，1：Yes
花药颜色 Color of anther	1：白色，2：淡粉色，3：淡紫红，4：淡紫色，5：粉红，6：红色，7：紫红色，8：紫色 1：White，2：Pale pink，3：Light purple red，4：Lavender，5：Pink，6：Red，7：Mauve，8：Purple
花粉 Pollen amount	0：无，1：有 0：None，1：Yes
一年生枝颜色 Color of annual granches	1：绿黄色，2：灰褐色，3：黄褐色，4：红褐色，5：褐色，6：紫褐色，7：黑褐色 1：Greenish yellow，2：Greyish brown，3：Yellowish brown，4：Reddish brown，5：Brown，6：Purplish brown，7：Blackish brown
一年生枝皮孔数 Number of annual branches lenticels	1：无或极少，3：少，5：中，7：多 1：No or very little，3：Less，5：Medium，7：More
幼叶颜色 Younger leaf color	1：淡绿，2：绿黄，3：黄绿，4：淡红，5：红，6：褐红，7：暗红 1：Light green，2：Green yellow，3：Yellow green，4：Light red，5：Red，6：Brown red，7：Dark red
种子形状 Seed shape	1：圆形，2：卵圆形，3：椭圆形，4：狭椭圆形 1：Circular，2：Ovate，3：Elliptic，4：Narrow oval

观测项目 Observation project	观测方法与性状赋值 Observation method and character assignment
花蕾颜色 Color of unopened flower	1：白色，2：浅粉红，3：粉红 1：White，2：Pale pink，3：Pink
花瓣相对位置 Position of petal margins	1：分离，2：邻接，3：重叠，4：无序 1：Separation，2：Adjacency，3：Overlap，4：Disorder
花瓣形状 Shape of petal	1：圆形，2：卵圆形，3：椭圆形，4：心形 1：Circular，2：Ovate，3：Elliptic，4：Cordate
柱头位置 Position of stigma in relation to stamens	1：低于花药，2：与花药等高，3：高于花药 1：Lower than anther，2：Equal to another，3：Higher than anther
花柱基部茸毛 Pubescence on he base of stigma	0：无，1：有 0：None，1：Yes
花药颜色 Color of anther	1：白色，2：淡粉色，3：淡紫红，4：淡紫色，5：粉红，6：红色，7：紫红色，8：紫色 1：White，2：Pale pink，3：Light purple red，4：Lavender，5：Pink，6：Red，7：Mauve，8：Purple
花粉 Pollen amount	0：无，1：有 0：None，1：Yes
一年生枝颜色 Color of annual granches	1：绿黄色，2：灰褐色，3：黄褐色，4：红褐色，5：褐色，6：紫褐色，7：黑褐色 1：Greenish yellow，2：Greyish brown，3：Yellowish brown，4：Reddish brown，5：Brown，6：Purplish brown，7：Blackish brown
一年生枝皮孔数 Number of annual branches lenticels	1：无或极少，3：少，5：中，7：多 1：No or very little，3：Less，5：Medium，7：More
幼叶颜色 Younger leaf color	1：淡绿，2：绿黄，3：黄绿，4：淡红，5：红，6：褐红，7：暗红 1：Light green，2：Green yellow，3：Yellow green，4：Light red，5：Red，6：Brown red，7：Dark red
种子形状 Seed shape	1：圆形，2：卵圆形，3：椭圆形，4：狭椭圆形 1：Circular，2：Ovate，3：Elliptic，4：Narrow oval

性状 Character	频率分布/% Frequency distribution										H'	CV/%
性状 Character	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	H'	CV/%
质量性状Descriptive character
花蕾颜色Color of unopened flower	47.5	42.9	9.6								5.556
花药颜色Color of anther	26.1	14.3	7.9	27.1	7.1	14.3	3.2				5.442
花瓣相对位置Position of petal margins	9.6	2.1	36.8	51.4							5.588
花瓣形状Shape of petal	60.7	27.5	7.9	3.9							5.519
柱头位置Position of stigma in relation to stamens	27.9	27.5	44.6								5.554
花柱基部茸毛Pubescence on the base of stigma	14.3	85.7									5.481
花粉量Pollen amount	17.1	82.9									5.447
一年生枝颜色Color of annual granches	35.4	14.3	7.1	43.2							5.488
一年生枝皮孔数量Number of annual branches lenticels	10.7	53.6	35.7								5.562
幼叶颜色Younger leaf color	89.3	10.7									5.602
种子形状Seed shape	14.6	43.9	30.0	11.4							5.566
数量性状Quantitative character
每花序花朵数Number of flowers per inflorescence	2.4	1.2	11.9	7.1	29.8	30.9	10.7	2.4	0	3.6	5.663	24.20
雄蕊数Number of stamen	1.2	1.2	3.6	17.9	40.4	20.2	3.6	3.6	2.4	5.9	5.219	7.60
花冠直径Corolla diameter	0	6.0	13.1	7.1	31.0	16.7	8.3	7.1	9.5	1.2	5.508	16.96
单花药花粉粒数Single anther pollen quantity	17.9	0	2.4	14.3	13.1	15.5	15.5	16.6	4.7	0.0	4.145	67.36
花瓣数Number of petals	0	0	0	0	92.8	0	2.4	1.2	0	3.6	5.511	4.49
一年生枝节间长度Internode length	3.6	2.4	10.7	13.1	23.8	13.1	17.8	6.0	7.1	2.4	4.643	16.30
种子千粒质量Thousand seed weight	6.0	1.2	0	21.4	39.3	3.6	7.1	8.3	13.1	0.0	5.440	16.37
种子长Seed length	0	8.3	9.5	16.7	14.3	16.7	20.2	7.1	6.0	1.2	4.959	41.41
种子宽Seed width	1.2	1.2	10.7	20.2	17.9	16.7	10.7	16.7	4.7	0.0	5.478	13.01
种子厚Seed thick	0	7.1	9.5	17.9	13.1	15.5	19.0	13.1	3.6	1.2	5.573	13.88

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Local Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang

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DNA标记 DNA marker	观测等位基因数N_a	有效等位基因数N_e	Nei’s基因多样性指数H	Shannon’s信息指数I	最小等位基因频率MAF	遗传多样性 Gene diversity	多态性信息含量PIC	固定指数F
SSR	2.000	1.540	0.326	0.496	0.771	0.320	0.260	0.169
SNP	/	/	0.242	0.541	/	/	0.197	0.126

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