Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0992

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 2895-2912.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0992

• New Technologies and New Methods • Previous Articles Next Articles

Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell

GE Hang¹, LI Xiaoying¹, WANG Zhixuan¹^,², ZHU Qixuan¹^,², CHEN Junwei¹, XU Hongxia¹()

¹Institute of Horticulture，Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hangzhou 310021，China
²College of Horticulture Science & Technology，Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology，Qinhuangdao，Hebei 066600，China

Received:2024-03-21 Revised:2024-09-03 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-13
Contact: XU Hongxia

Abstract

Abstract:

This study utilized a hybrid offspring population as its experimental material. The survival of young fruits was investigated based on conspicuous differences in fruit size between frozen-injured and surviving young fruits during the fruit enlargement period. The number of survived young fruits per plant（variable X），the average number of survived young fruits per fruit cluster（variable Y），and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（variable Z）were custom-defined and transformed into three data samples. The kurtosis，skewness，and probability density distribution functions of each sample indicated that variable Z exhibited a closer approximation to a normal distribution compared with X or Y. Following Box-Cox transformation，variables Y and Z successfully passed the Shapiro-Wilk test，confirming their adherence to a normal distribution. The optimal values for parameters used in the definitions of Y and Z were determined by introducing the variable S，which assessed the degree to which the data conformed to a normal distribution and maintained a relatively large sample size. The findings revealed that setting parameter a（the expected yield）to 4 and parameter b（the number of fruit clusters）to 12 yielded data samples of the average number of survived fruit clusters（Y）and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）that most closely aligned with a normal distribution while maximizing the sample size. At this juncture，the Box-Cox transformation of the（Y）variable was deemed inconsequential，whereas the transformation of the（Z）variable coincidentally corresponded to a logarithmic transformation. The results of this study suggest that the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）can effectively reflect both freezing tolerance and yield，with data acquisition being simple and efficient，thus rendering it suitable for large-scale freezing tolerance evaluation in loquat hybrid offspring.

Key words: loquat, breeding, young fruit, recovery growth method, freezing tolerance, evaluation, normal distribution

GE Hang, LI Xiaoying, WANG Zhixuan, ZHU Qixuan, CHEN Junwei, XU Hongxia. Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2895-2912.

Figures/Tables 13

References 45

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变量 Variable	样本数量 Sample size	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	中位数 Median	均值 Mean	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
X	374	0	442	12	23.6	38.8	5.95	56.1
Y（b = 1）	349	0	6.33	1	1.32	1.24	1.32	4.49
Z（a = 1，b = 1）	331	0.03	1	0.5	0.49	0.27	0.24	2.05

变量 Variable	样本数量 Sample size	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	中位数 Median	均值 Mean	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
X	374	0	442	12	23.6	38.8	5.95	56.1
Y（b = 1）	349	0	6.33	1	1.32	1.24	1.32	4.49
Z（a = 1，b = 1）	331	0.03	1	0.5	0.49	0.27	0.24	2.05

b	样本数量 Sample size	最大值 Max.	中位数 Median	均值 Mean	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	Shapiro测试 W值	Shapiro测试 P值
1	374	6.33	1	1.28	1.24	1.29	4.42	0.872	4.99 × 10^-17
2	349	6.33	1	1.32	1.24	1.32	4.49	0.872	2.03 × 10^-16
3	337	6.33	1	1.32	1.21	1.33	4.53	0.874	5.38 × 10^-16
4	322	6.33	1	1.30	1.18	1.37	4.79	0.872	1.04 × 10^-15
5	308	6.33	1	1.32	1.20	1.38	4.77	0.872	2.39 × 10^-15

b	样本数量 Sample size	最大值 Max.	中位数 Median	均值 Mean	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	Shapiro测试 W值	Shapiro测试 P值
1	374	6.33	1	1.28	1.24	1.29	4.42	0.872	4.99 × 10^-17
2	349	6.33	1	1.32	1.24	1.32	4.49	0.872	2.03 × 10^-16
3	337	6.33	1	1.32	1.21	1.33	4.53	0.874	5.38 × 10^-16
4	322	6.33	1	1.30	1.18	1.37	4.79	0.872	1.04 × 10^-15
5	308	6.33	1	1.32	1.20	1.38	4.77	0.872	2.39 × 10^-15

a	b	样本数量 Sample size	最大值 Max.	中位数 Median	均值 Mean	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	Shapiro测试 W值	Shapiro测试 P值
1	1	374	1	0.429	0.437	0.303	0.228	2.00	0.950	6.30×10^-10
1	2	349	1	0.440	0.446	0.286	0.202	2.07	0.963	9.31×10^-8
1	3	337	1	0.440	0.447	0.278	0.195	2.08	0.967	5.39×10^-7
1	4	322	1	0.441	0.444	0.271	0.175	2.06	0.969	1.88×10^-6
1	5	308	1	0.441	0.446	0.269	0.171	2.05	0.969	3.01×10^-6
2	1	374	1	0.222	0.284	0.271	0.933	3.10	0.889	8.68×10^-16
3	1	374	1	0.111	0.186	0.218	1.47	4.92	0.817	2.82×10^-16
4	1	374	0.875	0.0617	0.123	0.166	1.75	5.88	0.760	5.72×10^-23
5	1	374	0.875	0.00943	0.0840	0.136	2.25	8.75	0.678	4.54×10^-26

Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell

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变量 Variable	W值 W value	P值 P value
X	0.532	2.50 × 10^-30
Y（b = 1）	0.855	1.87 × 10^-17
Z（a = 1，b = 1）	0.960	6.36 × 10^-8

变量 Variable	参数a Parameter a	参数b Parameter b	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	λ值 λ value	W值 W value	P值 P value
X^T			0.0036	2.79	0.09	0.985	1.50 × 10^-3
Y^T		1	-0.070	2.48	0.29	0.992	9.25 × 10^-2
Y^T		2	-0.050	2.49	0.28	0.993	0.114
Y^T		3	-0.060	2.50	0.28	0.993	0.118
Y^T		4	-0.050	2.53	0.28	0.993	0.181
Y^T		5	-0.060	2.53	0.28	0.993	0.154
Y^T		6	-0.050	2.54	0.29	0.993	0.209
Y^T		7	-0.060	2.55	0.28	0.993	0.247
Y^T		8	-0.060	2.57	0.29	0.993	0.267
Y^T		9	-0.050	2.65	0.29	0.994	0.357
Y^T		10	-0.040	2.68	0.30	0.993	0.364
Y^T		11	-0.040	2.69	0.29	0.990	0.430
Y^T		12	-0.050	2.69	0.28	0.990	0.460
Y^T		13	-0.060	2.63	0.28	0.990	0.380
Y^T		14	-0.060	2.62	0.29	0.990	0.380
Y^T		15	-0.050	2.61	0.29	0.990	0.340
Z^T	1	1	-0.15	2.11	0.62	0.972	4.19 × 10^-6
Z^T	1	2	-0.15	2.14	0.62	0.975	2.18 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	3	-0.15	2.12	0.63	0.976	3.82 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	4	-0.16	2.11	0.63	0.975	4.07 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	5	-0.16	2.09	0.64	0.974	3.77 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	6	-0.17	2.10	0.66	0.974	5.31 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	7	-0.17	2.12	0.64	0.975	1.06 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	8	-0.17	2.10	0.65	0.974	9.52 × 10^-5
Z^T	1	9	-0.16	2.14	0.66	0.976	2.40 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	10	-0.16	2.15	0.65	0.976	4.28 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	11	-0.16	2.17	0.63	0.977	9.27 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	12	-0.16	2.13	0.61	0.975	7.03 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	13	-0.16	2.10	0.60	0.973	6.24 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	14	-0.16	2.10	0.61	0.973	7.18 × 10^-4
Z^T	1	15	-0.17	2.10	0.59	0.972	1.13 × 10^-3
Z^T	1	1	-0.15	2.11	0.62	0.972	4.19 × 10^-6
Z^T	2	1	-0.08	2.30	0.33	0.984	2.08 × 10^-3
Z^T	3	1	-0.04	2.30	0.17	0.988	2.54 × 10^-2
Z^T	4	1	-0.01	2.36	0.09	0.987	3.32 × 10^-2
Z^T	5	1	0.02	2.12	-0.05	0.980	8.94 × 10^-3
Z^T	6	1	0.01	2.19	-0.05	0.981	4.27 × 10^-2
Z^T	7	1	0.00	2.34	0.00	0.985	0.245
Z^T	8	1	0.00	2.51	-0.08	0.987	0.546
Z^T	9	1	0.02	2.67	-0.18	0.988	0.816
Z^T	10	1	0.01	2.50	-0.12	0.987	0.868
Z^T	11	1	0.03	2.48	-0.20	0.982	0.828
Z^T	12	1	0.15	1.88	-0.46	0.957	0.386
Z^T	13	1	0.14	1.57	-0.35	0.924	0.152
Z^T	14	1	-0.16	1.33	0.35	0.905	0.212
Z^T	15	1	-0.45	3.44	1.27	0.979	0.960

变量 Variable	最佳λ值 Optimal λ value	采用λ值 selected λ value	变换类型 Type of trans- formation	变换后偏度 Skewness after transformation	变换后峰度 Kurtosis after transformation	变换后W值 W value after transformation	变换后P值 P value after transformation
X^T	0.09	0.09	无None	-0.860	3.70	0.951	1.21 × 10^-6
Y^T（b = 12）	0.28	0.28	无None	-0.046	2.69	0.993	0.463
Z^T（a = 4，b = 12）	-0.01	0	对数变换 Logarithm transformation	0.012	2.60	0.991	0.383

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